
NOTE PARTICULARLY THE LAST 
THIRD OF PAGE 6. 



Use Either Metric Weight and Measure all Through, or Commercial 
Weight and Measure all Through a Formula. 



*& 



They are calculated in the same proportion, but the quantities 
are not, necessarily, the same. The formulas in metric weight 
and measure, are as directed in the Pharmacopoeia, but as con- 
verted into commercial weight and measure, they are designed to 
be for such quantities as the average druggist would most 
generally make, and, although in the same proportion, the quan- 
tities may be smaller or larger than the metric weight or measure. 
For example, Tincture Asafetida, page 164, is but little used. 
The official formula (metric weight and measure) makes 1000 Cc. 
equal to 33 fl.ounces-f-390 minims. The formula in commercial 
weight and measure makes gy% fl. ounces. While in Tincture 
Cinchona Compound, page 169, which is much more used. 1000 
Cc. or nY^ fl. ounces is a more desirable quantity to make. 

For the same reason we direct a larger quantity of fluid extract 
to be prepared than the Pharmacopoeia formula directs, because 
less than about 3 pints of a fluid extract, cannot be made econo- 
mically. 



ERRATA. 



Page 3. Preface 12th line from bottom, read "the 1880 revision 

directed parts by weight," etc., instead of "the 1890 

revision," etc. 
Page 32. In formula for "Ceratum Resinae" third line, read 

"Resin 350 gm." instead of "360 gm." In next line 

below read "(or 5 ounces)" instead of "(or 6 ounces)." 
Page 99. Eighth line from the top, read "gm." in place of "Cc." 

after 1000. 
Page 99. Tenth line from bottom, read "bicarbonate" instead of 

"carbonate." 
Page 129. Second line from the bottom, insert "ginger in No. 60 

powder, 35 gm. (or 3^4 ounces)." 
Page 139. In the formula for Spiritus ^Etheris Compositus fourth 

line, near the end, read "1000 Cc." instead of "3000 Cc." 
Page 141. Formula for Spiritus Ammonise Aromaticus, insert "oil 

nutmeg 1 Cc. (or 16 minims)" in the sixth line. 
Page 146. In formula for Sulphuris Iodidum second line, read 

"20 gm." instead of "10 gm." 
Page 175. In formula for Tinctura Lavendulae Composita, insert 

"Nutmeg 10 gm. (or 150 grains)" in sixth line. 
Page 176. In formula for Tinctura Moschi, insert "water 450 Cc. 

(or 1 fl. ounce)" in third line. 



Fenner's Hand Book 



OF THE 



United States Pharmacopeia 



Seventh Revision, 1890-1893. 



A KEY TO ALL OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS. 



Comparing the preparations of the present Pharmacopoeia with those 
formerly official and converting the metric weight and measure 
directed in the Pharmacopoeia into proportionate com- 
mercial weight and measure ; with medicinal 
uses and doses of new preparations, 
convenient tables, etc. 



Compiled and arranged b\ r 

B. FENNER, 

Author of Fenner's Complete Formulary, Fenner's 
Working Formulae, Etc. 



1894 



Published by B. Fenner, 
Westfield, N. Y. 



<0 I4I.Z 



Copyright 

1894 

By B. Fenner. 



By Transfer 

SEi ^2 



Printed By 
The Fenner Press, 

Westfield, N, Y, 



PREFACE. 



The advent of the Seventh Decennial Revision of. the United States 
Pharmacopoeia, introducing Metric Weight and Measure in the preparation 
of its formulas, and otherwise making many important changes in official 
preparations, without comment or explanation, is the excuse, (if any be 
needed) for the publication of this volume. 

Whatever may be the advantages of the Metric S\ T stem of weight and 
measure in the practice of Pharmacy, the fact remains that it is not the 
commercial system; and the majority- of druggists, notwithstanding the 
persistent efforts that have been made to introduce it, are not sufficiently 
familiar with it to apply it readily in the preparation of medicines. 

One object of this work is to convert the quantities, expressed in Metric 
weight and measure in the formulas of the Pharmacopoeia, into propor- 
tionate quantities, expressed in commercial weight and measure, with 
which all druggists are familiar. By so doing, the Metric System will be 
more rapidly acquired by druggists and, at the same time, much tedious 
calculation and annoyance will be avoided. Another object is to point out 
the differences between this and the former standard, so that druggists 
may readily see how preparations which they may have on hand made by 
former authority^ correspond with the present standard. Physicians and 
others frequently ask "What is the difference between the present official 
preparation and that which we have been using for the past 10 years ?" 
Few druggists can answer such a question intelligently without some con- 
venient reference, like this Hand-Book. 

This work is in no sense intended to take the place of the United States 
Pharmacopoeia, but, is simply an aid for those who find the present 
Pharmacopoeia slightly in advance of their experience. In a little while, a 
few years at most, druggists will become familiar with the changes in the 
present Pharmacopoeia as they have with those of the past ; but mean- 
while, an explanation, a suggestion, or a comparison will be an aid to the 
understanding ol the new authority. 

The Pharmacopoeia of 1870 directed troy weight and apothecar\' meas- 
ure; the 1890 revision directed parts by weight, of both solids and liquids, 
except in the case of fluid extracts, pills and troches, where metric weight 
and measure were introduced; the present, 1890 Pharmacopoeia, directs, 
chiefly, metric weight for solids, and metric measure for liquids. These 
changes cannot but be confusing to those who prescribe as well as to 
those who make preparations, and, taken together with important changes 
that have been made in the strength and composition of many prepara- 
tions in the new authority, some work of explanation is a necessity to 
the majority of druggists. As such this volume is respectfully submit- 
ted by 

The Author. 

Westfield, N. Y., March, 1891. 



CONTENTS. 



PRELIMINARY. 

Preface, 3 

Introductory, 6 

General Changes Adopted in the Seventh Revision of the United States 

Pharmacopoeia, , . . . 7 

Abbreviations and Signs, 8 



HAND-BOOK OF THE UNITED STATES PHAMACOPCEIA 
1890-1893. 



Acetanilidum, .... 9 

Abstracta, . . . . . 9 

Aceta, 9 

Acida, 10 

Adeps, 16 

^theres, .16 

Alcohol, 17 

Aloes, . . . . . .18 

Ahimen, 19 

Ammonium, 19 

Amyl nitris, 20 

Amylum, , . . ... .20 

Antimonium, 20 

Apomorphinae hydrochloras, . 21 

Aquae, 21 

Argentum, 25 

Atropina, 25 

Auri et sodii chloridum, ,. . 26 
Barii dioxidum, .... 26 
Benzinum, . . . 26 

Bismuthum, 26 

Bromum, 27 

Caffeina, . . . . .27 



Calcium, • 


. 28 


Calx, 


. 29 


Camphora, .... 


. 30 


Carbo, . . . 


30 


Catechu, 


30 


Cera, 


31 


Cerata, 


31 


Cerium, . . . 


32 


Chartae, 


32 


Chloral, 


33 


Chloroformum, 


33 


Cinchonidinae sulphas, 


33 


Cinchonina, .... 


33 


Cocainae hydrochloras, 


34 


Codeina, . . 


34 


Collodium, .... 


34 


Confectio, .... 


35 


Creosotum, .... 


36 


Creta praeparata 


36 


Cupri sulphas, . . . . 


36 


Decocta, . . ' . . . . 


36 


Elastica, 


37 


Elaterinum, 


37 





CONTENTS. 




5 


Elixira, 


37 


Physostigmine, 


. 121 


Emplastra, .... 


38 


Pecrotoxinum, 


. 121 


Emulsa, 


41 


Pilocarpine hydrochloras, 


. 121 


Eucalyptol, .... 


43 


Pilule, Pills, . 


. 121 


Extracta, .... 


43 


Piperinum, 




. 126 


Extracta fluida, . 


52 


Pix, Pitch, 




. 126 


Fel bo vis purificatum, . 


74 


Plumbum, 




. 126 


Ferrum, 


75 


Potassium, 




. 127 


Glycerinum, . . . ' . 


81 


Pulveres, Powders, 


. 129 


Glycerita, .... 


82 


P3'rogallol, ... 


. 131 


Glycyrrhizintmi ammoniatum, 


83 


Pyroxylinum, 


. 131 


Gossypium purificatum, 


84 


Ouinidine sulphas, 


. 132 


Guaiacum, .... 


84 


Quinina, , ... 


. 132 


Guarana, .... 


84 


Resina, . 




. 133 


Hydrargyum, 


84 


Resorcinum, 




. 134 


Hydrastininae hydrochloras, 


87 


Saccharum, 




. 135 


Hyoscinae hydrobromas, . 


88 


Salicinum , 




. 135 


Hyoscyaminae sulphas, 


. 88 


Salol, 




. 135 


Infusa, 


. 88 


Santoninum, 




. 135 


Iodoformum, .... 


. 90 


Sapo, Soap, 




. 135 


Iodum, . . 


. 90 


Sodium, . 




. 136 


Kino, 


. 90 


Sparteine sulphas, 


. 138 


Lactucarium, 


90 


Spiriti, Spirits, 


. 139 


Limonis succus, . . 


90 


Strontium, 


. 145 


Linimenta, ..... 


90 


Strychnin a, 


. 146 


Liquors, . . 


92 


Strychnina sulphas, 


. 146 


Lithium, ..... 


101 


Sty rax, .... 


. 146 


Magnesia, .... 


102 


Sulphur, .... 


. 146 


Manganese, .... 


103 


Suppositoria, 


. 147 


Massae, 


103 


Syrupi, Syrups, 


. 149 


Mel, 


104 


Tamarindus, . 


. 162 


Menthol, .... 


105 


Terebenum, 


. 162 


Methyl salieylas, 


105 


Terpini hydras, 


. 162 


Misturae, .... 


105 


Thymol 


. 162 


Morphina, .... 


107 


Tincture, Tinctures, . 


. 162 


Mucilagines 


107 


Triturationes, 


. 183 


Naphthalinum, 


108 


Trochisci, Troches, 


. 184 


Naphthol 


108 


Unguenta, Ointments, . 


. 188 


Oleata, Oleates, . 


108 


Veratrina, 


. 193 


Oleoresinoe, Oleoresins, 


109 


Vina, Wines, . 


. 193 


Olea, Oils, .... 


110 


Zincum, .... 


. 196 


Opium, 


118 


Table of elementary substa 


nces, 197 


Pancreatinum, 


119 


Table of weight equivalents 


. 198 


Paraldehydutn, . . 


119 


Table of fluid measure eq 


niva- 


Pepsinum, .... 


119 


lents, 


. 199 


Petrolatum, .... 


120 


Table of metric equivalents 


. 200 


Phosphorus, .... 


121 


Index, 




. 201 



INTRODUCTORY. 



In this hand-book, drugs or substances that are simply gathered, 
without other preparation for market than curing, drying or 
treating them for preservation, are not included, but only such 
drugs or substances as are in some manner prepared by the art of 
pharmacy or chemistry. For example, Absinthuim, Acacia, 
Buchu, etc., being naturnl drugs are not mentioned, but Aloes, 
Camphor, Styrax, etc., being prepared drugs are mentioned, also 
all official chemical substances and all preparations included in 
the seventh revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia. 

This work is designed to be supplementary, only, to the Pharm- 
acopoeia, giving such information in regard to its subjects, as is 
most important for druggists to know or learn: — The composition 
of preparations either chemical or pharmaceutical, formulas for 
such preparations as it is expedient for druggists to prepare, the 
relative strength of preparations compared with former authority 
and the chief properties, uses and doses of preparations or sub- 
stances newly introduced into the Pharmacopoeia. For convenient 
reference, also, are noted the specific gravity of most liquid prep- 
arations, with the freezing and boiling points of many, the melt- 
ing points of fatty bodies, and the solubility of most definite, solid 
or crystalline substances in water, alcohol or other common 
media. Reference is made under each subject to the page of the 
Pharmacopoeia, and also to the page or pages of Fenner's Com- 
plete Formulary on which the subjects and further information 
regarding them may be found. 

In converting the metric weight and measure of the formulas 
of the Pharmacopoeia into commercial weight and measure, the 
amounts which follow the metric in parenthesis ( ) are not de- 
signed to represent the exact metric weight or measure stated, but 
only some convenient quantity which will be in the same proportion 
as is directed of the metric weight or measure. For example Hy- 
drochloric acid ioo grammes (or 5 ounces by weight), distilled 
water 219 grammes (or 11 ounces, nearly, by weight) does not 
mean that 5 ounces is equivalent to 100 grammes or n ounces to 
219 grammes, but, that the proportions of the metric weight directed 
and the commercial weight given are relatively the same. To 
save continual repetition some abbreviations of our own are used 
in place of the terms employed in the Pharmacopoeia. They are 
explained under "abbreviations and signs," and will, we think, be 
readily understood. 

(6) 



GENERAL CHANGES ADOPTED IN THE 7th REVISION OF 
THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA. 



1. The expression in formulas, of definite quantities in metric 
weight and measure instead of in parts by weight as in the sixth 
revision. 

2. The placing of the basic or radical name of a substance be- 
fore its combining acid or element as Sodium Carbonate, instead 
of Carbonate of Sodium, Potassium Iodide, instead of Iodide of 
Potassium, Quinine Sulphate instead of Sulphate of Quinine. 

3. The expression of the atomic weight of chemical substances 
in their true relation with hydrogen taken as 1, according to the 
latest and most approved authority, for example Oxygen 15.96 in- 
stead of 16, Bismuth 208.9 instead of 210, etc. See table of 
atomic weights. 

4. The expression of temperature at which the specific gravity 
of most liquids is calculated at 15 C. (59 F.) instead of 15. 6° C. 
(6o° F.) as formerly. This is now according to the best usage and 
authority. In this work we have generally designated the former 
as N. T., normal temperature, instead of repeating the figures. 



(7) 



ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS. 



C Centigrade or Celsius thermometric scale. 

Cc. Cubic centimeter or cubic centimeters, the present U. S. 
abbreviation. In the former revision this was C. c. and it 
is commonly written c. c. 

Chemical Symbols. See table of elementary substances. 

F. Fahrenheit thermometric scale. 

F C F. Fenner's Complete Formulary. < F C F, refer to or 
see Fenner's Complete Formulary. 

fl. Before ounce or drachm, fluid, as fl. ounce for fluidounce. 

Gm. Gramme or grammes. This is the present U. S. abbrevia- 
tion; it is also commonly written gram or grams. 

gr. Grain or grains, also abbreviated grn. Because of its simi- 
larity to gm. the word grain should always be written in 
prescriptions. Gr. is also used as an abbreviation for 
gramme in some foreign countries. 

L. or 1. Litre. This abbreviation is not used in the Pharma- 
copoeia, but is frequently seen in formulas. 

M. Mix. Not used in the Pharmacopoeia, but very common in 
formulas. 

N. Normal. Used in the U. S. test solutions as T =normal, 
Tj=seminormal, y ? Q -=decinormal, y^-g-^centinormal. 

N. T. Normal Temperature. Our own abbreviation for the tem- 
perature at which specific gravity is generally taken; 15 C. 

(59° F.). 
Pharm. or P. Pharmacopoeia. May refer to any Pharmacopoeia, 

or to the present or former U. S. authority. U. S. P. is 

also used. 
sp. gr. Specific gravity, sometimes, also, written s. g. 
T. S. Test Solution. Abbreviation not heretofore used in the 

U. S. P. 
U. S. The United States Pharmacopoeia, also U. S. P. In this 

work U. S. refers to the present (1890) Pharmacopoeia. 

<U. S., p. 28, refer to or see the U. S. Pharm., page 28. 
V. S. Volumetric Solution. Abbreviation not heretofore used in 

the U. S. P. 



(8) 



Fenner's Hand-Book 



OF THE — 



UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA, 

SEVENTH REVISION, 1890— 1893. 



ACETANILIDUM, Acetanilid, Phenylacetamide, Antifebrin, 
C 6 H 5 NH.C 2 H 3 0. "An acetyl derivitive of aniline," <U.S., p. 4, new. 

This new official salt is prepared by mixing, in equivalent quantities, pure aniline 
with glacial acetic acid and heating them together at a high temperature. Aniline 
acetate, (C 6 H6NH2C2H 4 2 ) first results but after continuing a strong heat for 
several hours, water (H 2 0,) is eliminated and acetanilid formed. This is then dis- 
tilled by raising the heat to 285C. at which point it is vaporized and passes over. 
The product crystallizes in the cold water into which it is received, it being soluble 
only in 200 parts of cold water. '1 he crystals are then collected and dissolved in 
20 times their weight of boiling water, (soluble in 18 parts,) the solution concen- 
trated by boiling and then allowed to cool, making pure crystals of acetanilid. 

Odorless and colorless, unctious lamina? of slight burning taste; melting point 
1 13° C, boiling point 295 C. Soluble in 200 parts water at N T, and in 18 parts 
at ioo° C; readily soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene. 

This is the acetanilid of commerce which is extensively used as an ingredient of 
headache powders and proprietary hypnotics and analgesics. It is also much pre- 
scribed by physicians, being first introduced to them under the proprietary title 
"Antifebrin" which was extensively used to reduce temperature in febrile condi- 
tions. The average adult dose is 5 grains, maximum dose should not exceed 
10 grains; large doses produce extreme depression and prostration. 

ABSTRACTA. Abstracts. These preparations which were first introduced 
in the 1880 U S. P. have never met with favor and are dismissed altogether from 
the present revision. 

ACETA, Vinegars. In the present Pharmacopoeia only two Vinegars are 
retained; Acetum Lobeliae and Acetum Sanguinariae being dismissed, 

ACETUM OPII. Vinegar of Opium. The new Pharm. directs 
powdered opium 100 gm. (or 729 grains) nutmeg in No. 30 powder, 
30 gm. (or 218 grains), sugar, 200 gm. (or 1458 grains), diluted 
acetic acid, sufficient to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces.) 

This is the same as in the sixth revision except that metric weight and measure 
are directed instead of parts by weight. The finished preparation represents 
10 per cent, of powdered opium. <U. S., p 4, F C F, p 59. 

(9) 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



ACETUM SCILL.E. Vinegar of Squill. The new Pharm. di- 
rects squill in No. 30 powder, 100 gm. (or 729 grains), diluted 
acetic acid, sufficient to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces.) 

The new preparation is the same as in the sixth revision except the substitution 
of metric weight and measure for parts by weight. The finished preparation 
represents to percent, of Squill. <U. S., p 5, F C F, p 53. 

ACIDA. Acids. In the new Pharm. two acids are added, Hypophosphorous and 
Stearic. There are no other important changes except the percentage of strength 
of p! osphoric acid which is increased from 50 to 85 per cent of orthonhosphoric 
acid. This makes a corresponding change in all preparations in which phosphoric 
acid is directed, and care will be required in working formulas in which it is to be 
used. The percentage strength also of nitric and sulphuric acids are slightly 
lowered. 

ACIDUM ACETICUM. Acetic Acid. "A liquid composed of 36 
per cent., by weight, of absolute acetic acid, (HC 2 H 3 2 ) and 64 
per cent, of water." <U. S., p 5. 

No change is made in this preparation, sp. gr. at N T, about 1.048. It unites 
with most basic substances forming acetates. <F C F, p 56, 57, 694, 734. 

ACIDUM ACETICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Acetic Acid. Acetic 
acid, 100 gm. (or 2S/ 8 fl. ounces), distilled water. 500 gm. (or 13^ 
fl. ounces). Mix them. 

The preparation is the same as in the sixth revision, except the substitution of 
metric weight for parts, and contains 6 per cent., by weight, pf absolute acetic acid. 
Its sp. gr. at N T about 1.008. <U. S. p 5, F C F, p 58. 

ACIDUM ACETICUM GLACIAL. Glacial Acetic Acid. HC 3 H 3 

2 . "Nearly or quite absolute acetic acid." <U. S. p 6. 

This is the same as in the former revision, being at least 99 per cent, absolute 
acetic acid; sp. gr. at N T 1.058. It remains liquid at N T but at somewhat lower 
temperature crystallizes; boils at 118 C. <F C F, p 56, 58. 

ACIDUM ARSENOSUM. Arsenous Acid. Arsenic Trioxide 
As 2 O,. <U. S., p 6. 

Note the change of spelling of the Latin and English title by the omission of i 
before o, also the supplementary title arsenic trioxide. It forms salts with bases, 
known as arsenites. For solubility and characteristics see F C F, p 177. 

ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Benzoic Acid. HC 7 H 5 2 . "An or- 
ganic acid, usually obtained from benzoin by sublimation or 
prepared artificially, chiefly from toluol." <U. S., p 7. <F C F, 

P 57, 182. 

Soluble in about 500 parts of water or 2 parts of alcohol, 3 parts of ether, 7 parts 
of chloroform. Begins to sublime at ioo° C. Melts at 121. 4 C. It unites feebly 
with some bases forming benzoates. 

ACIDUM BORICUM. Boric Acid. Boracic Acid. H 3 B0 3 . 

<U. S, P S. FCF, p 57 , 198. 
Soluble at N T in 25.6 parts of water, or 15 parts of a'cohol, or 10 parts glycerin. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



It unites with some basic substances, chiefly sodium, with which it combines making 
the borax of commerce. 

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. Carbolic Acid. Phenol. C 6 H 6 OH. 
"A constituent of coal-tar, obtained by fractional distillation and 
subsequently purified." <U. S., p 9. F C F, p 56, 57, 672. 

Soluble in about 15 parts of water, very soluble in alcohol and glycerin. It unites 
feebly with some bases but chiefly in combination with some other acid, making 
— carbolates. 

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM CRUDUM. Crude Carbolic Acid. "A 

liquid consisting of various constituents of coal-tar, chiefly cresol 
and phenol, obtained by fractional distillation." <U. S., p 10. 
F C F, p 59, 673. 

It is used chiefly as a disinfectant and deodorizer. 

ACIDUM CHROMICUM. Chromic Acid. Or O s . The only 
change is the addition of the supplementary titles, Chromic 
Trioxide, Chromic Anhydride. <U. S., p 10. F C F, p 57, 239 

Chromic acid is delequescent in moist air, and must be kept in g. s. glass bottles. 
It is very soluble in water, and decomposes readily with alcohol, ether, glycerin, if 
undiluted sometimes causing violent explosion. It unites with some bases forming 
chromates. 

ACIDUM CITRICUM. Citric Acid. H 3 C 6 H 5 7 -j-H 2 0. "An 

organic acid usually prepared from lemon juice." <U. S., p 11. 
F C F, p 67. 

Soluble in 0.63 part of water, and in 1.61 parts of alcohol. It unites with bases 
forming citrates. 

ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallic Acid. HC 7 H a 5 +H 2 0. "An 
organic acid usually prepared from tanic acid." <U. S., p 12. 
F C F, p 57, 873. 

Soluble in 100 parts of water, 5 parts of alcohol, 40 parts of ether or 12 parts of 
glycerin. It unites with ferric salts, but combines with but few bases. 

ACIDUM HYDROBROMICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Hydro- 
bromic Acid. "A liquid composed of 10 per cent., by weight, of 
absolute hydrobromic acid, (H Br), and 90 per cent, of water." 
<U. S., p 12. F C F, p 56, 59, 201. 

Sp. gr. about 1.077 at N T. It unites with basic substances forming bromates . 
It should be remembered that bromides are a combination of the element bromine, 
with another element or an organic radical. 

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM, Hydrochloric Acid. Muriatic 
Acid. "A liquid composed of 31.9 per cent., by weight, of abso- 
lute hydrochloric acid (H CI), and 68.1 per cent, of water." 
<U. S, p 13. F C F, p 56, 60. 

No change is made in this acid; sp. gr. about 1.163 at N T. It forms salts with 
bases, known as chlorates, also under the old name muriates. It should be re- 



12 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

membered that chlorides are combinations of the element chlorine with other 
elements or organic radicals. 

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Hydro- 
chloric Acid, Diluted Muriatic Acid. The only change in the new 
Pharm. is the substitution of grammes for parts by weight. Hy- 
drochloric acid ioo grammes (or 5 ounces by weight) mixed with 
water 219 grammes (or 11 ounces, nearly, by weight). <U.S., p 14. 

The preparation contains jo per cent., by weight, of absolute hydroch'oric acid, 
the same as before; sp. gr. about 1.050, at 15 C. (59° F.). <F C F, p 60. 

ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Hydrocy- 
anic Acid, Prussic Acid. "A liquid composed of 2 per cent., by 
weight, of absolute hydrocyanic acid (H C N), and 98 per cent, of 
water." <U. S., p 14. 

Some change is made in the proportions of the ingredients used in making this 
preparation, but the resultant product is the same. As it is seldom made by pharm- 
acists it is unnecessary to repeat the formula. <F C F, p 56, 61, 267. 

ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM DILUTUM. Diluted Hypo, 
phosphorous Acid. "A liquid composed of about 10 per cent., by 
weight, of absolute hypophosphorous acid (HPH 2 OJ and about 
90 per cent, of water." <U. S., p 15. new. 

A colorless liquid having an acid taste. Specific gravity about 1.046, at N. T. 
Although this is newly introduced into the Pharm. it has been considerably used as 
an ingredient of solutions and syrups of hypophosphites for many years. It com- 
bines with bases forming salts known as hypophosphites. <F C F, p 61. 

ACIDUM LACTICUM. Lactic Acid. "An organic acid usually 
obtained by subjecting milk-sugar or grape-sugar to lactic fer- 
mentation; composed of 75 per cent., by weight, of absolute lactic 
acid (HC 3 H,.0 3 ), and 25 per cent, of water." <U. S., p 16. 
F C F, p 56, 62, 542. 

The sp. gr. of this acid is 1.2 13 at N T. It is employed in making the official 
syrup of calcium lactophosphate, and in several unofficial preparations. It 'com- 
bines with bases to form salts known as lactates. 

ACIDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. The present Pharm. 
changes the percentage strength of nitric acid to 68 per cent, of 
absolute nitric acid, instead of 69.4 per cent, as in 1880. The sp. 
gr. is correspondingly changed from 1.420 to 1.414. <U. S., p 17. 
F C F, p 56, 62, 636. 

This change is desirable as it was very difficult to obtain in the market nitric acid 
which would correspond with the former standard. It must however be noted that 
a c rresponding change occurs in its combining proportions, and all calculations of 
the new Pharm. are made on the new bases of strength. It forms salts with bases, 
known as nitrates. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



ACIDUM NITRICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Nitric Acid. The 

present preparation is the same in absolute acid strength (10 per 
cent.) as in the 1880 P., but the present acid strength of nitric acid 
being a little less, more is required! Nitric acid 100 gm. (or 2^/2 fl. 
ounces), distilled water 580 gm. or \\Vz fl. ounces. <U. S., p 17. 
F C F, 56, 63. 
Sp. gr. at N. T. about 1.057. 

ACIDUM NITROHYDROCHLORICUM. Nitrohydrochloric Acid, 

Nitromuriatic Acid. The new Pharm. directs nitric acid 180 Cc. 
hydrochloric acid, 820 Cc. to be mixed .together in a capacious 
glass vessel. <U. S., p 18. F C F, p 63. 

This is equivalent to 1 ]/% fl. ounces of nitric acid with 5^ fl. ounces of hydro- 
chloric acid. When the lower acid strength of the present nitric acid is taken into 
account with the increased proportion of hydrochloric acid, it makes about 20 per 
cent, more of the latter than in the 18S0 formula, which was 4 to 15 or 1 j/j fl. 
ounces of nitric to 5 of hydrochloric. 

ACIDUM NITROHYDROCHLORICUM DILUTUM. Diluted 
Nitrohydrochloric Acid. Diluted Muriatic Acid. < U. S., p 18. 

F C F, p 63. The present Pharm. directs nitric acid 40 Cc, hy- 
drochloric acid 180 Cc, distilled water 780 Cc; the acids to be 
mixed in a capacious vessel and, after effervescense has ceased 
the water added. 

This is in the proportion of nitric acid 1 fl. ounce, hydrochloric acid 4*4 fl. ounces 
distilled water 19^ fl. ounces, making a preparation, (if made with the 1890 offi- 
cial acids) containing 25§ per cent., by weight, of the mixed acids. As the 1880 
preparation contained 4 parts, by weight, of nitric acid, (1.4 per cent, stronger), 15 
parts of hydro, hloric acid (of the same strength), and 76 parts of water; the finished 
preparation contained about 23^ per cent. , by weight, of the mixed acids. The 
present preparation is, therefore, slightly increased in acid strength, containing 
about 1 1. 8 per cent, of absolute acid. 

ACIDUM OLEICUM. Oleic Acid. HC ie H 33 2 . '-An organic 
acid prepared in a sufficiently pure condition by cooling commer- 
cial oleic acid to about 5 C. (41 F.j, then separating and pre- 
serving the liquid portion." <U. S., p 18. F C F, 56, 64, 637, 655 

The sp. gr. of oleic acid is about 0.900 at N T. It is used in pharmacy for 
making oleates, three of which are now official. It combines with metallic bases 
and alkaloids, forming oleates, but not with salts of metals or alkaloidal salts. 

ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. Phosphoric Acid. "A liquid 
omposed of not less than 85 per cent., by weight, of absolutec 
orthophosphoric acid (H 3 POJ and not more than 15 per cent, of 
water." <U. S., p 19. 

In this preparation the important change in acid strength from 
50 per cent. 1880, to 85 per cent., the present standard must be 



14 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

closely observed. This change effects all the preparations in 
which phosphoric acid is a constituent and the new acid when 
purchased should be labelled Phosphoric Acid, 85 per cent, ztfpo-pj. 
The sp. gr. of the present official acid is not below 1.7 10 at N T, and it should 
require not less than 17 Cc. of normal potassium hydrate V. S., (each Cc. corres- 
ponding to 5 per cent, of the absolute acid) to neutralize 0.978 gm. of the acid 
diluted with water, phenolph'alein being used as indicator. This acid is the same 
a-; the 1880 preparation, concentrated by evaporation at a gentle h>at, a large part 
ot its water being vaporized. Phosphoric acid unites with bases forming salts calkd 
phosphates. 

ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Phosphoric 

Acid. The present Pharm. directs phosphoric acid (85 per cent.) 
1 x) gm. (or 2 ounces, by weight,); distilled water 750 gm. (or 15 
ocuices, by weight), to make 850 gm. (or 17 ounces, by weight). 
The absolute acid strength of this preparation is the same as in 
the 1880 Pharm., 10 per cent. Its sp. gr. is about 1.057 at N. T. 

Particular attention must be observed in making this preparation to know the 
standard of acid strength from which it is prepared. If the 1880 50-per cent, acid 
is used, follow the old lormula, 2 parts or ounces, by weight, with 8 parts or ounces 
of distilled water. <U. S., p 20, F C F, p 56, 72. 

ACIDUM SALICILICUM. Salicylic Acid. HC 7 H 5 3 . "An 
organic acid existing in combination in various plants, but more 
largely prepared synthetically from carbolic acid." <U. S., p 20. 

F C F, p 57, 73 6 - 

It is soluble in about 450 parts of water or 2.4 parts of alcohol. This acid still 
retains its place as the best preservative agent of aqueous and saccharine solutions. 
The addition of a small percentage of salicylic acid, in m iking the official or other 
syrups designed to be kept for some time prevents their change. 5 grains dissolved 
in the water required to make a quart or a litre of syrup is sufficient. Double the 
quantity is required to keep fruit juices and aqueous preparations. It unites feebly 
with some basic substances forming salicylates. 

ACIDUM STEARICUM. Stearic Acid. HC 18 H 35 2 . "An or- 
ganic acid, in its commercial, more or less impure form, usually 
obtained from the more solid fats, chiefly tallow." new. <U. S., 
p 21. F C F, p 637. 

This is for the first time n ade officia', because of its u^e in making glycerin sup- 
positories. It has, however, been used in pharm icy. for some time, for various 
purposes, and, known as stearin, has been extensively employed for making can- 
dles, &c. It is insoluble in water, soluble in about 45 parts of alcohol at N T, read- 
ily soluble in boiling alcohol and ether. It melts when pure at 69.2°C. (133. 8°F.); 
the ordinary stearin of commerce melts at about 56°C. (138. 8°F.). Stearic acid 
unites with many bases forming stearates. In combinat'un with oleic acid as found 
in fats, it is the principle ingredient of most of the hard soaps of commerce. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 15 

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Sulphuric Acid. "A liquid com- 
posed of not less than 92.5 per cent., by weight, of absolute sul- 
phuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ) and not more than 7.5 per cent, of water." 
<U. S, P 2i. FCF, p 5 6, 73, 781. 

In this preparation the standard of acid strength is lowered from 96 per cent, as 
in the 1880 Pharm. probably because it was difficult to obtain in the general mar- 
ket an acid so highly concentrated. The sp. gr. of the present standard is not be- 
low 1 835 at N T. This requires a corresponding change in all preparations in 
which it is directed, as the 92.5 per cent, acid is now assumed in all pharmacopoeia! 
formulas. Commercial sulphuric acid is considerably below this standard in acid 
strength. It unites with most basic substances forming sulphates, 

ACIDIUM SULPHURICUM AROMATICUM. Aromatic Sul- 
phuric Acid. Elixir of Vitriol. The present formula is almost 
identical in medicinal activity and composition with the 1880 prep- 
aration. Sulphuric acid 100 Cc. (or i l / 2 fl. ounces); tincture of 
ginger 50 Cc. (or y^ fl. ounce); oil of cinnamon 1 Cc. (or 7 drops); 
alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 15 fl. ounces). 
The directions for making are the same except that great caution 
is directed in adding the acid to the alcohol. 

It seems strange that this preparation was not in this revision with the tinctures. 
Its sp. gr. is about 0.936 at N T, and it contains 20 per cent, by weight of the 
present official sulphuric acid. <U. S., p 22. F C F, p 73. 

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Sulphuric Acid. 

This preparation is made of the same acid strength as in the 1880 
Pharm. Sulphuric acid 100 gm. (or 2 ounces, by weight); distilled 
water 825 gm. (or 16^2 ounces by weight,) making. 925 gm. (or 
18^2 ounces) containing 10 per cent by weight of absolute Sul- 
phuric Acid. 

The sp. gr. should be 1.070 at N T, if made with the acid now official. <U. S., 
p 23. F C F, p 56, 74. 

ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. Sulphurous Acid. "A liquid com- 
posed of not less than 6.4 per ceut by weight of Sulphurous Acid 
Gas, (Sulphur Dioxide, S0 2 ) and not more than 93.6 per cent of 
water." <U. S. 1890, p 23. The 1880 preparation contained only 
3.5 per cent of Sulphurous Acid. 

The ingredients used are the same but differ in quantity, and the resultant pre- 
paration as will be seen is nearly double the acid strength of the former. It is 
made by generating sulphurous acid gas by mixing sulphuric acid 80 Cc, with char- 
coal, in coarse powder 20 gm. contained in a glass flask of about 500 Cc. capacity, 
by means of heat, and conducting it through a wash bottle containing distilled water 
kept cool by surrounding it with ice, until the evolution of gas has nearly ceased. 
The gas is absorbed by distilled water. The present product should have sp. gr. 
1.035 at NT. This acid is seldom prepared by druggists, but when used its 
strength should be known. < Pharmacopoeia test of strength. F C F, 56, 74, 781. 



16 fenner's hand-book of 

ACIDUM TANNICUM. Tannic Acid, gallotannic acid, di- 
gallic acid. HC 14 H g 9 . "An organic acid obtained from nutgall." 
<U. S, P 2 4 . FCF, 57, 873. 

The two supplementary titles, gallot?nnic acid, and digallic acid have been added. 
Soluble at N T, in about 1 part of water or glycerin and in about 0.6 part alcohol. 
Note the slight change in the chemical percentage formula to H 9 instead of Hi as 
formerly. Combines wdth many bases and organic radicals forming tannatcs . 

ACIDUM TARTARICUM. Tartaric Acid. H. 2 C 4 H 4 6 . "An 

organic acid usually prepared from argols." <U. S., p 25. 
FCF, 57, 703. 

Soluble in about 0.8 part of water and in 2.5 parts of alcohol at N T. This acid 
combines with basic substances, forming salts known as tartrates. It is the acid 
constituent of cream tartar. 

ADEPS. Lard. "The prepared internal fat of the abdomen of 
sus scrofa, purified by washing with water, melting and straining." 
U. S., p 26. 

The manner of preparing lard is the same as has been heretofore directed, but it 
is seldom prepared in this manner by dmggists, the commercial article being used 
instead. Preparations in which lard is an ingredient should be freshly made from 
lard, purified as directed. <F C F, p 75. 

ADEPS BENZOINATUS. Benzoinated Lard. The present 
formula is the same as the 1880 except in the substitution of 
metric weight for parts. Lard 1000 gm. (or 1 pound av.), benzoin 
20 gm. (or 140 grains). <U. S., p 26. 

The benzoin in coarse powder is tied in a coarse muslin bag, and steeped by the 
heat of a water bath, in the melted lard, with frequent stirring and squeezing for 
two hours; add 5 per cent, or more of white wax in warm weather. <FCF, p 76. 

ADEPS LANM HYDROSUS. Hydrous Wool-Fat. Lanolin. 

"The purified fat of sheep, Ovis Aries Linne, mixed with not more 
than 30 per cent, of water." <U. S., p 27. new. 

Under the name lanoline, aginine, oleum lanae and various other proprietary 
titles this preparation has been introduced and is still furnished, as there is none 
other than proprietary preparations to be found in the market. It melts at about 
40°C. (io4°F.), and is considerably used as in ointment bases, being in favor be- 
cause of its property of holding aqueous solutions in combination. 

jETHER. Ether, (/ether fortjor pharm. 1880). -'A liquid 
composed of about 96 per cent., by weight, of absolute ether or 
ethyl oxide (C 2 fi 5 ) 2 O, and about 4 per cent, of alcohol containing 
a little water." <U. S., p. 27. 

An important change has been made in the new Pharm. by dismissing the 
tether (74 per cent.) of the 1880 P., and putting under the same title the tether 
fortior or stronger eiher of the 1880 P. This is liable to lead to some confusion 
at first although it may be remarked that the majority of druggists and physicians 
have not well underbtood the difference in the preparations, even if they have 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 1 7 

known that there were two official strengths. The present official ether is 2 per 
cent, stronger of ethyl oxide than the stronger ether of the former revision; its sp. 
gr. 0.725 to 0.728 at N. T. or 0.714 to 0.717 at 25°C. (77°F.). <F C F, p 78. 

.ETHER ACETICUS. Acetic Ether. "A liquid composed 
of about 98.5 per cent., by weight, of ethyl acetate, C 2 H 5 C 2 H 3 2 , 
and about 1.5 per cent, of alcohol containing a little water." <U. 
S., p 28. 

The sp. gr. of acetic ether is 0.893 to 0.895 at N. T. <F. C. F. 78, 79. 

ALCOHOL. Alcohol. "A liquid composed of about 91 per 
cent., by weight, or 94 per < cnt , by volume, of ethyl alcohol (C 2 H 5 
OH), and about 9 per cent., by weight, of water." <U. S , p. 28. 

Alcohol remains unchanged in the new Pharm., sp. gr. 0.820 at I5 C C. (59^.), 
or 0.812 at -25°C. (77°F.), cone ponding with commercial alcohol. The general 
characteristics, properties, and tests of alcohol are so well known and explained in 
text-books, tli it further comment is unnecessary. < F. C. F., p 86. 

ALCOHOL ABSOLUTUM. Absolute Alcohol. C 2 H 5 OH "Ethyl 
alcohol containing not more than 1 per cent., by weight, of water." 
<U. S., p. 29, new. 

Although absolute alcohol has for a long time been a common article of drug- 
gist's stock, it has not heretofore been made official. It differs from the alcohol of 
commerce onlv in being more highly concentrated, its sp. gr. being 0.797 at N. T. 
or 0.789 at 25°C. (77°F.) <F. C. F. p. 87. 

ALCOHOL DODORATUM. Deodorized Alcohol. "A liquid 
composed of about 92.5 per cent, by weight, or 95.1 per cent. 
by volume, of ethyl alcohol (C 2 H 5 OH) and about 7.5 per cent., by 
weight, of alcohol." <U. S., p. 29, new. 

This pieparation is known commercially as Cologne Spirit or Spirits, and is ex- 
tensively sold to rectifiers for mixing cheaper grades of liquors, as well as to 
perfumers and druggists who wish an alcohol free from odor. The distillers sell 
this by proof gallons, (the proof being generally the same as alcohol, 188), while 
alcohol is sold by wine gallons, the Pharm. sp. gr. is 0.816 at N. T., but it i 
probable that the commercial article would be the same sp.gr. , proof and percentage 
as alcohol. <F. C. F., p. 88. 

ALCOHOL DILUTUM. Diluted Alcohol. U A liquid composed 
of about 41 per cent., by weight, or about 48.6 per cent., by 
volume, of absolute ethyl alcohol, C 2 H 5 OH, and about 59 per cent, 
of water." <U. S., p. 30. F. C. F , p 90. 

This is prepared by mixing 500 Cc. (or 1 pint.) of alcohol with 
500 Cc. (or 1 pint) of water. 

"If the two liquids be measured (500 Cc. each) at the temperature 
of 15 6°C (6o°F.), the mixture, when cooled to the same tempera- 
ture, will incisure about 971 Cc." The loss of volume occurs from 



18 fenner's hand-book of 

the new molecular arrangement of the liquids making a contraction 
of about 3 per cent. 

If it is desired to mix the liquids by weight, take alcohol 410 
grammes, and distilled water 500 grammes. 

The present standard makes the sp. gr. of alcohol about 0.936 at N. T. or about 
0.937 at I5.6°C. (6o°F.). or about 0.930 at 25°C. (77°F.). The sp. gr. of the 
former revision was 0.928 at I5.6°C. (6o°F.), and 0.920 at ~25°C. (77°F.). The 
present preparation contains 4^ per cent, less of absolute alcohol than the former. 
For making alcohol of any percentage of strength see U. S., p. 30, F.C.F., p. 89 
It will be seen that this change in the percentage strength of diluted alcohol, 
from equal parts by weight in the 1880 to equal parts by volume of alcohol and 
water as in the present (1890) Pharm. is the most impoi tant of any change intro- 
duced, because it affects a larger number of preparations or formulas than any other. 
On the other hand it may be stated that only a limited number of the great body of 
druggists in this country ever followed the formula of the 1S80 P. for making 
diluted alcohol, equal parts by weight, but, instead, when diluted alcohol was 
directed mixed equal volumes of alcohol and water as had always been the custom 
before the advent of the sixth revision. If this is a fact, (which we firmly believe it 
to be), it shows how reluctant druggists are to adopt new methods or changes in 
formulas unless the gain is readily apparent, 

ALOE BARBADENSIS. Barbadoes Aloes. "The inspissated 
juice of the leaves of Aloe vera." <U. S., p 31. new. 

Socotrine aloes, only, was official in the 1880 revision, although Barbadoes aloes 
was formerly official in the U. S. P., and has been a common article of drug stock 
for a long time. <F C F, p 135. 

ALOE PURIFICATA. Purified Aloes. The present Pharm. 
directs Socotrine aloes 1000 gm. (or 10 ounces); alcohol 200 Cc. 
(or 2 fl. ounce). The manipulation is the same as in the 1880 
Pharm., and the resultant preparation is the same as formerly. 
<U. S., p 31. F C F, p 135. 

ALOE SOCOTRINA. Socotrine Aloes. "The inspissated juice 
of the leaves of Aloe Perryi" <U. S., p 32. 

This is the most commonly used of the official aloes. It was the only official 
aloes of the 1880 Pharm., but in the present revision Barbadoes aloes has been add- 
ed. It will therefore be necessary for physicians or others who direct aloes in for- 
mulas to specif)' the kind desired, otherwise either may be used. <F C F, p 135. 

ALOINUM, Aloin. "A neutral principle obtained from several 
varieties of aloes, chiefly Barbadoes aloes (yielding Barbaloin), 
and Socotra or Zanzibar aloes (yielding Socalin) — differing more 
or less in chemical composition and physical properties according 
to the source from which it is derived." <U. S., p 32. new. 

Aloin was official in the Br. Pharm. of J885 which gave it the chemical formula 
CieHjgCV Soluble in 60 parts of water or 20 parts of alcohol at N T. It is con- 
siderably used in pills, and powders, the dose (Br. P.) being l / 2 to 2 grains; but this 
is larger than is usually prescribed. <F C F, p 136. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 1 Q 



ALUMEN. Alum. Potassium Alum, Aluminum and Potassium 
Sulphate. Al 2 K 2 (S0 4 ) 4 +2 4 H 2 0. <U. S., p 33- 

The only change in this is tlie change of spelling of Aluminum, to correspond 
with the present official title of the element. It should be noted that the alum most 
commonly found in the market is ammonia alum, instead of the official potassium 
alum. Soluble in 9 parts of water at NT., or in 0.3 part of boiling water. 
<FCF,p 137. 

ALUMEN EXSICCATUM. Dried Alum. Alumen Ustum. 
Burnt Alum. A1 2 K 2 (S0 4 ) 4 . 

The present Pharm. directs 100 gm. of alum in small pieces to be placed in a 
shallow porcelain capsule on a sand bath and heat applied until it liquifies. The 
heat is then continued moderately with constant stirring until aqueous vapor ceases 
to be disengaged, and a dry, white, porous mass is obtained weighing 55 gm. The 
former Fharm. directed 184 parts of alum to be reduced to 100 parts, in a some- 
what similar manner. The proportion of the product to the amount taken is the 
same. Very slowly but complecely soluble in 20 parts of water at N T. and quickly 
soluble in 0.7 part of boiling watar. <U. S., p33. F C F, p 13S. 

ALUMINI HYDRAS. Aluminum Hydrate. Aluminum Hy- 
droxide, Hydrated Alumina. Al 2 (OH) 6 . 

Note the change made in spelling of alumini and aluminum, and the additional 
title Aluminum Hydroxide, in the present revision. The pro orLons are a so 
changed to alum 100 gm., sodium carbonate 100 gm., instead of alum 11 parts, 
sodium carbonate 10 parts. The method of preparing and the resultant preparation 
are the same. Insoluble in water or alcohol. <U. S., p 34. F C F, 139. 

ALUMINI SULPHAS. Aluminum Sulphate. Al 2 (S0 4 ) 2 -L-i6H0 2 . 

Note the change of spelling in both the Latin and English title, corresponding 
with the present spelling of Aluminum. Soluble in 1.2 parts of water at N T., but 
insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 35. F C F, p 139. 

AMMONII BENZOAS. Ammonium Benzoate. NHCH O . 

4 7 5 2 

No change in this preparation. Soluble in 5 parts of water at N T. and in 28 
parts of alcohol. <U. S., p 35. F C F, 145. 

AMMONII BROMIDUM. Ammonium Bromide. NH 4 Br. 

No change in this preparation. Soluble in 1.5 parts of water at N T. and in 30 
parts of alcohol. <U. S., p 36. F C F, 145. 

AMMONII CARBONAS, Ammonium Carbonate. NH 4 HC0 3 . 
NH 4 NH 2 C0 2 . 

No change in this preparation. It is slowly but completely soluble in about 5 
pirts of water at N T., decomposed by hot water; alcohol dissolves the carbamate, 
and leaves the acid carbonate. <U. S., p 36. F C F, p 145. 

AMMONII CHLORIDUM. Ammonium Chloride. N 4 HC1. 

No change in this preparation. Soluble in 3 parts of water at N T. and in 1 
part of boiling water, almost insoluble in alcohol. It is commonly known as "sal 
ammoniac," or "muriate of ammonia." <U. S., p 37. F C F, p 146. 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



AMMONII IODIDUM. Ammonium Iodide. NH 4 I. 

No change in this preparation. Soluble in I part of water and in 9 p..rts of 
alcohol at N T. <U. S., p 38. F C F, p 147. 

AMMONII NITRAS. Ammonium Nitrate. NH 4 N0 3 . 

No change in this preparation. Soluble at N T. in 0.5 part of water and in 20 
parts of alcohol. Used in making laughing gas. <U, S., p 38. F C F, p 147. 

Ammonium Phosphate and Ammonium Sulphate which were official in the 
1880 Pharm. are now dismissed. 

AMMONII VALERIANAS. Ammonium Valerianate. NH,C S 
HA. 

No change in this preparation. Very soluble in water and alcohol, deliquesces 
in moist air. <U. S., p 39. F C F, p 148. 

AMYL NITRIS. Amyl Nitrite. "A liquid containing about So 
per cent, of amyl (principally Iso-amyl) nitrite, C 6 H u N0 2 , together 
with variable quantities of undetermined compounds." <U.S., p 4° 

This preparation is the same as heretofore. It should be kept in dark amber- 
colored glass-stoppered vials in a cool place remote from lights or fire. As it is 
very volatile it escapes unless kept closely stopped. Sp. gr. at N. T. 0.870 0.880. 
<FCF, p 152. 

AMYLUM. Starch. "The fecula of the seed of Zea Mays" 
<U. S., p 40. 

It will be noted that the present official is corn starch, from Zea Mays, while 
the former revision authorized wheat starch, from Triticum vulgar e. F C F, p 152, 

Amylum Iodatum, Iodized Starch which was official in the 1880 revision has 
been dismissed. 

ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS. Antimony and Po- 
tassium Tartrate. Tartar Emetic, Tartrated Antimony. 
2 K(SbO)C 4 H 4 6 -fH 2 0. 

This has been changed only by the addition of the supplementary title Tartrat- 
ed Antimony, which was official in the Br. P. It is soluble in about 17 parts of 
water at N T., and in 3 parts of boiling water, but insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., 
p 41. F C F, p 156. 

ANTIMONII OXIDUM. Antimony Oxide. Antimony Tri- 
oxide. Sb 2 3 . 

This has been changed only by the addition of the supplementary title Antimony 
Trioxide. It is nearly insoluble in water or alcohol. <U. S., p 42. F C F, p 

157, 

ANTIMONII SULPHIDUM. Antimony Sulphide. Antimony 

T-RISULPHIDE. Sb a S 8 . 

The only change in this is the addition of the supplementary title Antimony 
Trisulphide. It is insoluble in water or alcohol. <U, S. . p 43. F C F, p 159. 

ANTIMONII SULPHIDUM PURIFICATUM. Purified Anti- 
mony Sulphide. Purified Antimony Trisulphide. Sb,S 3 . 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 



The supplementary title Purified Antimony Trisitlphide, has been added in the 
new revision. The formula is practically the same as in the 18S0 P'narm., antimony- 
sulphide ioo gm, (or 10 ounces), ammonia water 50 cubic centimeters (or 5 ounces), 
take the place of 10 parts of the former to 5 parts of the latter by weight, but the 
resultant preparation is the same. Insoluble in water or alcohol. <U. S., p 43. 
F C F. p 158. 

ANTIMONIUM SULPHURATUM. Sulphurated Antimony. 

Kermes Mineral. "Chiefly antimony trisulphide, Sb 2 S 3J with a 
small amount of antimony trioxide." <U. S., p 44. 

The supplementary title, Kermes Mineral, by which this preparation has been 
popularly known is now officially added. The formuia is practically the same as 
before, purified antimony 100 gm., solution of soda 1200 cubic centimeters being 
directed instead of 1 part of the former and 12 parts of the latter by weight. The 
manipulations and the resultant preparation are the same. It is insoluble in water 
or alcohol. <F C F, p 159. 

APOMORPHIN^E HYDROCHLORAS. Apomorphine Hydro- 
chlorate. C 17 H 17 N0 2 HC1. 

Xo change is made in this preparation. It is soluble at X T. in about 45 parts 
of either water or alcohol. A solution of this salt is used hypodei micaliy to induce 
emes'is, also in the treatment of drunkenness to cause nausea and an aversion to 
liquor. U. S., p 45. F C F, p 105. 

Aquae Waters. In the medicated waters of the new Pharmcopceia considerable 
change has been made from the formulas of the 1880 revision. The use of cotton 
to diffuse the oil globules, which was directed in this revision, has been discarded 
and Precipitated Calcium Phosphate has been adopted instead. This is designed 
to take the place of magnesium carbonate which was generally used previous to the 
6th revision, but which was, in some preparations found objectionable. Orange 
flower and rose waters have now, each, two standards of strength, Aqua Kydro- 
genii Dioxidi, and aqua chloroformi are added. The title aqua ammonias, ammonia 
water is still retained, but in our opinion it would better have been changed 
to solution of ammonia as in the Br. and Continental Pharmacopoeias. 

AQUA. Water. H 2 = 17.96. "Natural water in its purest 
attainable state." <U. S., p 46. 

The equivalent only is changed to the more accurate molecular weight 17.96 in- 
stead of 18. as before. 

AQUA AMMONLE. Ammonia Water. "An aqueous solution 
of ammonia , NH 3 , containing 10 per cent., by weight, of the gas.'' 

<U. S, p 46. 

This is the same as formerly, except that it is called ammonia water instead of 
water of ammonia. Sp. gr. 0.960 at X T. <F C F, p 143. 

AQUA AMMONIA FORTIOR. Stronger Ammonia Water. 

"An aqueous solution of ammonia, NH 3 , containing 28 per cent., 
by weight, of the gas." <U. S., p 47. 



FENNKR S HAND-BOOK OF 



This is the same as formerly except that it is called stronger ammonia water in- 
stead of stronger water of ammonia. Sp. gr. 0.901 at N T. <FCF, p 144. 

AQUA AMYGDALA AMAR^. Bitter Almond Water. The 

present formula is the same as the former revision except that 
1 Cc. of oil of butter almond is directed to be dissolved by agita- 
tion in 999 Cc. of distilled water, instead of parts, by weight, in 
the same proportion. This is equivalent to 15 minims of the oil 
in 2 pints of distilled water. <U. S., p 47. FCF, p 163. 

AQUA ANISI. Anise Water. The present formula is oil of 
anise 2 cubic centimeters; precipitated calcium phosphate 4 
grammes; distilled water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 cubic 
centimeters. This is equivalent to 30 minims of oil of anise, 60 
grains of precipitated calcium phosphate with sufficient distilled 
water to make 2 pints. The oil is triturated with the calcium phos- 
phate, the water gradually added with constant trituration, and the 
preparation filtered clear. Other aromatic waters may be made 
in the same manner. <U. S., p 48. FCF, p 164. 

AQUA AURANTII FLORUM. Orange Flower Water. The 
present Pharm. directs equal volumes of stronger orange flower 
water and distilled water to be mixed immediately before use. 

This had no corresponding preparation in the former Pharm. the preparation 
bearing that name being made by distilling 40 parts of recent ,orange flowers with 
200 parts of water until 100 parts passed over. As druggists could seldom obtain 
recent orange flowers, this preparation was seldom made by them, and they had to 
depend upon imported orange flower water which is now represented by the follow- 
ing preparation. <U. S., p 48. F C F, p 164. 

AQUA AURANTII FLORUM FORTIOR. Stronger Orange 

Flower Water. Aqua Aurantii Florum Pharm. 1880, Triple 
Orange Flower. Water. "Water saturated with the volatile oil 
of fresh orange flowers obtained as a by-product in the distillation 
of the oil of orange flowers." (neroly or neroli). <U. S. p 48. 

This is imported triple orange flower water, which was the product intended in 
the sixth revision. <F C F, p 164. 

AQUA CAMPHORS. Camphor Water. The present Pharm. 
directs camphor 8 grammes, (or 120 grains), alcohol 5 cubic centi- 
meters,(or 1]/^ fl. drachms), precipitated calcium phosphate 5 gram- 
mes (or 75 grains), to be tritruated together, and then enough 
distilled water gradually added to make 1000 cubic centimeters 
(or 2 pints), when filtered. <U. S., p 48. F C F, p 165. 

The quantity of alcoho' now u-ed is only sufficient to aid in | ulverizmg the cam- 
phor, while in the former revision enough was used to dissolve it so that it would be 
distributed through the cotton, 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA 



AQUA CHLORI. Chlorine Water. "An aqueous solution of 
chlorine, CI, containing at least 0.4 per cent, of the gas." <U. S., 

P 49- 

The formula and manipulation of this preparation is essentially the same as in 
the sixth revision, the only difference being the use of metric weight and measure 
instead of parts by weight. The present formula is manganese dioxide 10 gm. 
hydrochloric acid 35 Cc, water 75 Cc, distilled water 400 Cc. The gas is generat- 
ed and conducted through a wash bottle into the distilled water, It would seem 
more proper to class this with solutions as in the Br. P. <U. S., p 49. F C F, 
P 235- 

AQUA CHLOROFORMI. Chloroform Water. New. This is 
newly introduced into the U. S. P., but has been for some time 
official in the Br P. "Chloroform, distilled water each a sufficient 
quantity. Add enough chloroform to a convenient, quantity of 
distilled water contained in a dark amber-colored bottle to main- 
tain a slight excess of the former after the contents have been 
repeatedly and thoroughly shaken. <U. S., p 50. 

"When chloroform water is required for use pour off the needed qnantity of the 
solution, refill the bottle with distilled water and saturate it bv thorough agitation 
taking care that there be always an excess of chloroform present." The Br. P. di- 
rects 1 fl. drachm of chloroform to be shaken with 25 fl. ounces of distilled water. 
The dose is ]/ z to 2 fl. drachms. <F C F, 166. 

AQUA CINNAMOMI. Cinnamon Water. The new Pharm. 
directs oil of cinnamon 2 Cc. (or 30 minims), precipitated calcium 
phosphate 4 gm. (or 60 grains) to be triturated together, and dis- 
tilled water gradually added with continued trituration to make 
1000 Cc. (or 2 pints) of the water when filtered clear. <U. S., 
p 50. F C F, p 166. 

AQUA CREOSOTI. Creosote Water. The formula of the new 
Pharm. is the same as before, except that metric measure is di- 
rected instead of parts by weight, creosote 10 Cc. (or 1 fl. drachm) 
distilled water 990 Cc. (or 12^6 fl. ounces), to be agitated vigor- 
ously together and filtered through a well wetted filter paper. 
<U. S., p 50. F C F, 167. 

Note the change of spelling — Creasote rSSo. Creosote 1890. 

AQUA DESTILLATA. Distilled Water. H 2 0. 

The only change to be noted in this is the directions to collect the first ico vo 1 - 
umes and throw away, instead of 50 parts or volumes as in the former directions. 
<U. S., p 50, F CF, p 167. 

AQUA FGENICULI. Fennel Water. The new formula is oil of 
fennel 2 Cc. (or 30 minims), precipitated calcium phosphate, 4 gm. 
(or 60 grains), to be triturated together and distilled water grad 



24 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

ually added with continued trituration to make iooo Cc. (or 2 
pints) of the water when filtered clear. <U. S., p 51. FC F, 
P 167. 

AQUA HYDROGENII DIOXIDI. Solution of Hydrogen Diox- 
ide. Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide. "A slightly acid aque- 
ous solution of hydrogen dioxide, H 2 2 , containing when freshly 
prepared about 3 per cent., by weight, of the pure dioxide, corres- 
ponding to about 10 volumes of available oxygen." <U. S., p 
5 1 . new. 

The formula for this preparation requires greater care in manipulation than most 
formulas which druggists prepare; therefore our readers are referred to the new 
Pharmacopoeia for complete working directions. E. R. Squibb, of Brooklyn, also 
furnishes complete outfit and instruction for making this solution. But as the pro- 
cess is quite complicated most druggists are content to purchase it already prepared. 
In our opinion this preparation belongs with the solutions instead of the waters. 
<F C F, p 188, 589. 

AQUA MENTHA PIPERITA. Peppermint Water. The pres- 
ent formula is oil of peppermint, 2 Cc. (or 30 minims), precipitated 
calcium phosphate 4 gm. (or 60 grains), to be triturated together 
and distilled water gradually added with continued trituration to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 2 pints) of the water when filtered clear. 
<U. S., p 54. F C F, p 169. 

AQUA MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spearmint Water. The present 
formula is oil of spearmint 2 Cc. (or 30 minims), precipitated cal- 
cium phosphate 4 gm. (or 60 grains), to be triturated together and 
distilled water gradually added with continued trituration to make 
1000 Cc. (or 2 pints) of the water when filtered clear. <U. S., 
p 54. F C F, p 169. 

AQUA ROS^). Rose Water. The present Pharm. directs 
equal volumes of stronger rose water and distilled water to be 
mixed immediately before use. 

This had no corresponding preparation in the former Pharm., the preparation 
bearing that name being made by distilling 40 parts of recent Pale Rose with 200 
parts of water until 100 parts were recovered. The official preparation was seldom 
made by druggists, the imported triple rose water being used, and diluted as is now 
directed. <U. S., p 54. F C F, p 170. 

AQUA ROSjE FORTIOR. Stronger Rose Water. Aqua Ros^ 
Pharm. 1880, Triple Rose Water. "Water saturated with the 
volatile oil of rose petals, obtained as a by-product in the distilla- 
tion of oil of rose." <U. S., p 54. 

This is the imported Tripie Rose water, which was the product intended to be 
official in ti e sixth revision. <F C F, p 170. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 25 

ARGENTI CYANIDUM. Silver Cyanide. AgCN. 

There is no change in this chemical salt. It is seldom used except for the pre- 
paration of Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid. It is very insoluble, but by heat gives off 
cyanogen gas. It is decomposed by hydrochloric acid freeing its cyanogen gas. 
<U. S., p 55. F C F, p 172. 

ARGENTI IODIDUM. Silver Iodide. Agl. 

No change in this preparation; it is seldom used. It is very insoluble. <U. S., 
p 55. F C F, p 173. 

ARGENTI NITRAS. Silver Nitrate. AgN0 3 . 

This preparation remains the same as formerly. It is the most used of any of 
the silver salts, being an ingredient of hair dyes, and pills and, in other forms, used 
as a caustic. Soluble at N T. in 0.6 parts of water, <U. S., p 55. F C F, p 173, 

ARGENTI NITRAS DILUTUS. Diluted Nitrate of Silver. 

Mitigated Caustic. The supplementary title mitigated caustic 
is added. The formula of this preparation is changed to x /i 
strength nitrate of silver instead of Vz strength as in the 1880 
Pharm. The present formula is silver nitrate 30 grammes (or 30 
grains) potassium nitrate 60 grammes (or 60 grains). The salts 
are melted together in a porcelain crucible at as low a temperature 
as possible, stirring the melted mass well until it flows smoothly, 
then cast it into suitable moulds. <U. S., p 56. F C F, p 174. 
This corresponds with the Br. P. formula; used chiefly as a caustic. 

ADGENTI NITRAS FUSUS. Moulded Silver Nitrate. Lunar 

Caustic 

The supplementary title Lunar Caustic is added. The formula is the same as 
before, metric weight being directed instead of parts. Silver nitrate 100 gm. (or 1 
ounce aw), hydrochloric acid 4 gm. ( or 16 minims). They are melted together 
at a low temperature and the melted mass poured into suitable moulds. Used in 
the stick as a caustic. Soluble (mostly) in 0.6 parts of water. < U. S., p 57. 
F C F, p 174. 

ARGENTI OXIDUM. Silver Oxide. Ag 2 0. 

Same as before, very slightly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., 
P57- <FCF, pi 75 . 

ARSENI IODIDUM. Arsenic Iodide. Asl 3 . 

Note the change of spelling, by the omission of the final i in the Latin title; it 
was arsenii in the 1880 Fharm. otherwise it remains unchanged. Soluble at N T. 
in 7 parts of water and in about 30 parts of alcohol. <U. S., p 58. F C F, p 178. 

ATROPINA. Atropine. C 17 H 23 N0 3 . "An alkaloid obtained 
from belladonna. As it occurs in commerce it is always accom- 
panied by a small proportion of hyoscyamine, extracted along with 
it from which it cannot be readily separated." <U. S., p 60. 

Soluble at N T. in 130 parts of water, 3 parts of alcohol, 16 parts of ether. 4 
parts of chloroform and about 50 parts of glycerin. The more soluble sulphate is 
generally used for solutions. <F C F, p 105. 



26 fenner's hand-book of 

ATROPINE SULPHAS. Atropine Sulphate. (C„H 9 ,NO,) s 
H 2 S0 4 . 

This salt of atropine is soluble in 0.4 part of water and 6.2 parts of alcohol, very 
insoluble in ether and chloroform. When solutions of atropine are required this 
salt is generaly directed in preference to dissolving the alkaloid by the addition of a 
little acid, as excess of acid is thereby avoided. This is much used in ophthalmic 
practice. <U. S., p 60. FCF, p 106. 

AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. Gold and Sodium Chloride. 

"A mixture of equal parts, by weight, of dry gold chloride AuCl 3 
and sodium chloride NaCl." <U. S., p 61. 

This preparation remains unchanged. It is very soluble in water, and unless 
closely stopped becomes moist and deliquesces slightly, The alleged use of this 
salt in treatment for drunkenness has lately brought it into considerable prominence. 
The dose internally is ■£% to \ grain. Also used by hypodermic injection. <F C F, 
P 179- 

BARII DIOXIDUM. Barium Dioxide. Barium Peroxide. 
Ba0 2 . "Commercial, anhydrous barium dioxide." This prepa- 
ration is made official because of its use in making aqua hydro- 
genii dioxide,(solution of hydrogen peroxide). <U. S., p 63. F C F, 
p 188. 

"Almost insoluble in cold water, with which, however, it forms a definite hy- 
drate, and to which it imparts a decidedly alkaline reaction. Hydrochloric phos- 
phoric, and most other mineral acids decompose it, producing the corresponding 
barium salts, and hydrogen dioxide which remains in solution 1 for a considerable 
time, if the reaction has taken place in the cold an excess of the acid is present." 

BENZINUM. Benzin. Petroleum Benzin, Petroleum Ether. 
"A purified distillate from American petroleum consisting of 
hydro-carbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series (C 5 H 12 ,C 6 H 14 ), and 
homologous compounds." <U. S., p 64. 

Sp. gr. at N T. 0.670 to 0.675. Boiling 50 to 6o°C. (122 to I40°F). Very 
inflammable. This, more properly corresponds with the gasoline of commerce. 
Commercial benzine, made from petroleum, being of higher sp. gr. and much 
stronger odor. <F C F, p 189, 67 r. 

BISMUTH CITRAS. Bismuth Citrate. BiC 6 H 5 O r The 
formula for this preparation remains unchanged in the new Pharm. 
except by the substitution of metric weight for parts. The pres- 
ent formula being bismuth subnitrate 100 gm. (or 10 ounces), 
citric acid 70 gm. (or 7 ounces), distilled water a sufficient quan- 
tity. See directions for making. <U. S., p 64. F C F, p 193. 

It is insoluble in water or alcohol, but soluble in ammonia water and in solutions 
of the citrates of the alkalies. 

BISMUTHI ET AMMOMII CITRAS. Bismuth and Ammo- 
nium Citrate. This also remains unchanged except by the sub- 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 27 

stitution of metric weight and measure for parts by weight. The 
present formula is bismuth citrate ioo gm., ammonia water and 
distilled water each a sufficient quantity. The bismuth citrate is 
mixed with 200 Cc. of distilled water to a smooth paste heated on 
a water-bath, ammonia water added to dissolve, the solution filter- 
ed, evaporated to a syrupy consistence and dried upon glass plates 
in scales. <U. S., p 65. F C F, p 194. 

It is very soluble in water, when old requiring a little ammonia water to complete 
the solution, sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

BISMUTHI SUBCARBONAS. Bismuth Subcarbonate. 

Insoluble in water or alcohol, but soluble, with efferescence in nitric or hydro- 
chloric acid. <U. S., p 66. F C F, p 195. 

BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. Bismuth Subnitrate. 

Nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol, but readily soluble in nitric or 
hydrochloric acid. <U. S., p 66. FCF.p 196. 

BROMUM. Bromine. Br. 

A liquid element, obtained commercially from the mother liquor which remains, 
after the crystallization of salt in salt works. Sp gr. 2.990 at N T. Soluble in 30 
parts of water, and readily soluble in alcohol or ether. Boiling point 145. 4°F. It 
It should be carefully handled as it gives off suffocating fumes. It unites with 
bases forming bromides. <U. S., p 67. F C F, p 200. 

CAFFEINA. Caffeine. Theine. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 -f H 2 0. "A feebly 
basic, proximate principle, obtained from the dried leaves of Thea 
sinensis, or from the dried seeds of coffea arabica and found also in 
other plants." <U. S., p 68. 

Soluble in 80 parts of water or 33 parts of aicohol at N T. The use of caffeine 
and its salts as a remedy for sick and nervous headache has recently brought it into 
considerable prominence. Dose 1 to 5 grains. <F C F, p no. 

CAFFEINA CITRATA. Citrated Caffeine. New, A new offi- 
cial prepared with caffeine 50 gm. (or 1 ounce), citric acid 50 gm. 
(or 1 ounce), distilled water, hot, 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) by dissolv- 
ing the citric acid in the hot distilled water, adding the caffeine 
and evaporating the resulting solution on a water-bath, to dryness, 
constantly stiring towards the end of the operation, and finally 
reducing the product to a fine powder and keeping it in well- 
stopped bottles. <U. S., p 69. F C F, no. 

This formula is identical with the Br P 1685 formula for citrate of caffeine, the 
chemical formula being given in that authority as CsHiuN-iO^HaCeHsOT. It will 
be noted that the U. S., name does not imply that it is a true chemical salt. It 
makes, with 3 parts of water, a syrupy solution; but when more water is added 
forms a white precipitate of the alkaloid, which is, however, redissolved when about 
25 parts of water are taken. The dose of this salt is from 2 to 10 grains for ner- 
vous and sick headache, etc. <F C F, p jio. 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



CAFFEINA CITRATA EFFERVESCENS. Effervescent Cit- 
rated Caffeine. New. The 1890 Pharm. introduces this prepa- 
ration 2nd gives the following formula: Caffeine 10 gm. (or 10 
grains), citric acid, 10 gm. (or 10 grains), sodium bicarbonate 330 
gm. (or 330 grains), tartaric acid, 300 gm. (or 300 grains), sugar 
in very fine powder, 350 gm. (or 350 grains), alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 1000 grains). The solid ingre- 
dients previously well dried, are to be reduced separately to a fine 
uniform powder; the powders are then to be intimately mixed and 
moistened with alcohol to a soft pasty mass which is to be rubbed 
through a No. 6 tined-iron sieve or enamelled colander. It is then 
to be dried and reduced to a coarse granular powder, which should 
be kept in well stopped bottles. <U. S., p 69. 

This is a representative of a pleasant form of medicine which has become quite 
popular, and of which manufacturers supply quite a variety. They are usually so 
prepared by manufacturers, that a heaping teaspoonful will represent an average 
dose. This is thrown into part of a glass of cold water, stirred and drunk during 
effervescence. The above official preparation, is, however, so weak of the medi- 
cament (1:100) that a much larger dose would generally be required. 

CALCII BROMIDUM. Calcium Bromide. CaBr 2 . 

This salt is very deliquescent and should be kept in glass-stoppered bottles. Sol- 
uble at N T. in 0.7 part of water or in i part of alcohol. <U. S., p 70. FCF, 
p 205. 

CALCII CARBONAS PRiECIPITATUS. Precipitated Calcium 
Carbonate. CaC0 3 . 

This is more commonly known as precipitated chalk. It is insoluble either in 
water, alcohol or other common media. In some dilute acids it dissolves with 
evolution of C0 3 . < U. S., p 71. F C F, p 205. 

CALCII CHLORIDUM. Calcium Chloride. CaCl. 2 . "Calcium 
chloride rendered anhydrous by fusion at the lowest possible tem- 
perature." <U. S., p 70. 

This salt is very deliquescent when exposed to moist air and should be kept in 
well-stoppered bottles. It is soluble at N T. in 1.5 parts of water or in 8 parts of 
alcohol, Its property of absorbing moisture makes it valuable for drying gases. 
<F C F, p 206. 

CALCIUM HYPOPHOSPHIS. Calcium Hypophosphite. Ca 

(PH 2 2 ), 

This salt which is extensively used in making solutions and syrups of hypophos- 
phites is soluble at N T. in 6.8 parts of water or in 6 parts of boiling water, but 
insoluble in alcohol. As its solubility is but slightly increased by heat, it is not 
generally advisable to use hot water in making up solutions of hypophosphites for 
preparing the syrup. <U. S., p 72. F C F, p 207. 

CALCII PHOSPHAS PRjECIPITATUS. Precipitated Calcium 
Phosphate. Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 . 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 20 

The use of this salt as a medium for filtering aromatic waters and other substan- 
ces in which the distribution of an essential oil or other ingredient is required, with- 
out solubility of the medium itself, has brought it into greater prominence in phar- 
macy. It is also used in making acid phosphate and other solutions. It is soluble 
in cold water or alcohol, but is partly decomposed by boiling water which dissolves 
out an acid salt. In hydrochloric, nitric and phosphoric acid it dissolves freely. 
<U. S., p 73. <F C F, P 207. 

CALCII SULPHAS EXSICCATUS. Dried Calcium Sulphate. 

Dried Gypsum. "A powder containing about 95 per cent., by 
weight, of calcium sulphate (CaSOJ, and about 5 per cent, of 
water; prepared from the purer varieties of native gypsum (CaS0 4 
-f-2H 2 0), by carefully heating until about three-fourths of the 
water has been expelled. <U. S., p 73. 

This is what is commonly known as Plaster of Paris or calcined plaster for the 
first time made official in the U. S. P., although it has been official in some court- 
tries. It is now introduced because of its use in making sulphurated lime. It is 
soluble in about about 410 parts of water at N T., and in about 476 parts of boiling 
water. Insoluble in alcohol. When mixed with half its weight of water it forms 
first a smooth paste which rapidly hardens. It is considerably used by dentists and 
in surgical practice for making plaster moulds, and for cementing metal to glass, 
wood to stone, etc., in pharmaceutical apparatus. <F C F, p 210. 

CALX. Lime. CaO. "Lime prepared by burning white mar- 
ble, oyster-shells, or the purest varieties of natural calcium car- 
bonate." <U. S., p 74. 

The present Pharm. defines the source from which lime should be obtained, but 
druggists can seldom meet the pharmacopoeia requirements in this respect, as they 
have generally to take what is to be found in the market. Soluble in about 750 
parts of water at NT., and in about 1300 parts of boiling water, (heat 'lessens 
solubility) insoluble in alcohol. The name "Lime" was formerly, improperly given 
to many of the calcium salts, and is still considerably used, as Hvpophosphite of 
Lime, (calcium), Precipitated Phosphate of Lime, (calcium), Carbonate of Lime 
(calcium), Iodide of Lime, (calcium), etc. Lime is calcium oxide. <F C F, p 20S. 

CALX CHLORATA. Chlorinated Lime. "A compound result- 
ing from the action of chlorine upon calcium hydrate, and contain- 
ing not less than 35 per cent, of available chlorine." <U. S., p 75 

This preparation which is commonly known as Bleaching Powder or Chloride of 
Lime is seldom found in this country sufficiently fresh to respond to the present 
pharmacopceial requirement of 35 per cent, of available chlorine. The 1880 U. S. 
P., stated that it should contain at least 25 per cent, of available chlorine, and that 
standard, even, is much too high for the average chloride of lime found in retail 
stores, as it loses by standing. It is only partially soluble in water or alcohol. 
<F C F, p 209. 

CALX SULPHURATA. Sulphurated Lime. Crude Calcium 
Sulphide. "A mixture containing at least 60 per cent, of calcium 



30 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

monosulphide (CaS), together with unchanged calcium sulphate 
(CaSOJ and carbon in varying proportions." <U. S., p 76. 

The formula of the present Pharm. is entirely different from the preceding one. 
Dried calcium sulphate 70 gm., charcoal 10 gm., starch 2 gm., all in fine powder 
are mixed in a crucible, which is lightly covered and heated to bright redness, until 
the contents have lost their black color. The product is then powdered and kept 
in small, glass-stoppered vials. Slightly soluble in cold water, more soluble in 
boiling water, insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 76. F C F, p 209. 

CAMPHORA. Camphor. C 10 H 16 O. "A stearopten (having 
the nature of a ketone) obtained from cinnamomum camphora, and 
purified by sublimation." <U. S., p 77. 

Sp. gr. 0.995 at N T. Slightly soluble in water but very soluble in alcohol, 
ether, chloroform, benzin, fixed and volatile oils. It also forms liquids when rub- 
bed in proper proportions with choral, phenol, menthol or thymol. It melts at 
1 75°C. (347°F.), and evaporates slowly at N T. if exposed to the air. <U. S., p 
77. F C F, p 727. 

CAMPHORA MONOBROMATA. Monobromated Camphor. 

C 10 H 15 BrO. 

Nearly insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and 
oils. Melts at 76°C. (168. 8°F,). A nerve sedative in doses of 2 to 5 grains or 
more. 

CARBO ANIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. "Charcoal prepared 
from bone." <U. S., p 78. F C F, p 211. 1 

Commonly known as bone black or ivory black. Insoluble in water, alcohol or 
other common media. 

CARBO ANIMALIS PURIFICATIS. Purified Animal Char- 
coal. 

The method of purifying this is the same as before except that metric weight is 
substituted for parts by weight. <U. S., p 78. F C F, p 211. 

CARBO LIGNI. Charcoal. "Charcoal prepared from soft 
wood and very finely powdered." <U. S., p 79. F C F, p 212. 
CARBONEI DISULPHIDUM. Carbon Disulphide. Carbonei 

Bisulphidum Bisulphide of Carbon, Pharm, 1880. CS 2 . 

Note the change of name adopted in the new Pharm. This is a good solvent of 
fats, resins, etc., and is very inflammable, and very volatile. It is not made ex- 
cept by manufacturing chemists. Sp gr. 1.268 to 1.269 at N T. Soluble in 535 
parts of water at N T. Very soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and oils. Boils 
at 46°C. (ii4.8°F.), <U. S., p 79. F C F, p 212. 

CATECHU. Catechu. "An extract prepared from the wood of 
acacia catechu" < U. S., p 81. F C E, 727, 877. 

The quality of purified catechu, known as "Black Catechu" is generally 
used for medicinal preparations; "euteh" is a common name' for catechu of inferior 
quality used for dyeing. Catechu is soluble (except about 15 per cent, of insoluble 



THE U. S. PHARMAC0P02IA. 31 



matter) to about 10 times its weight of alcohol, and with 10 times its weight of 
boiling water makes a turbid liquid in which a small amount of insoluble matter 
will settle. 

CERA ALBA. White Wax. "Yellow wax bleached." <U. S., 
p 82. FCF, p 215. 

Sp. gr. 0.965 to 0.975 at N T. Melting point about 65°C. (i49°F.). 

CERA FLAVA. Yellow Wax. The wax produced by the 
honey bee, apis mellifica, melted and poured into water, which 
allows impurities to collect on the bottom of the cake from which 
they can be removed by cutting or scraping off. Sp. gr. 0.955 to 
0.967 at N T. Melting point 63 to 64 C. (145. 4 to 147. 2 F.). 
<F C F, p 214. 

Cerata. Cerates. In this class of preparations two cerates which were official 
in the 1880 Pharm. are dismissed in the seventh revision. Viz: Ceratum Extracti 
Cantharidis, and Ceratum Sabinse. Otherwise the preparations remain, practically, 
the same. 

CERATUM. Cerate. No change is directed in this preparation 
except the substitution of metric weight for parts. White wax 
300 gm. (or 3 ounces), lard 700 gm. (or 7 ounces). Melt them to- 
gether and stir the mixture occasionally until it is cool. <U. S., 
p 83. F C F, p 218. 

CERATUM CAMPHORS. Camphor Cerate. The formula for 
this preparation is entirely changed in the new revision, olive oil 
being omitted and white wax and lard being used instead of the 
cerate already prepared, as directed in the former revision. The 
present formula is camphor liniment 100 gm. (or 1 ounce), white 
wax 300 gm. (or 3 ounces), lard 600 gm. (or 6 ounces). The wax 
and lard are to be melted by gentle heat, the camphor liniment 
added while cooling and the mixture occasionally stirred until 
cold. <U.S.,p 83. FCF, p 218. 

CERATUM CANTHARIDIS. CANTHARIDES CERATE. The 
formula of the present Pharm. adds oil of turpentine and slightly 
changes the proportions of the other ingredients. It is canthari- 
des in No. 60 powder 320 gm. (or 320 grains), yellow wax 180 gm. 
(or 180 grains), resin 180 gm. (or 180 grains), lard 220 gm. (or 220 
grains), oil of turpentine 150 Cc. (or 160 minims). The canthari- 
des is moistened with the oil of turpentine and set aside in a well 
covered vessel for 48 hours. The other ingredients, previously 
melted and strained, are then added and the mixture kept in a 
liquid condition by means of a water-bath, with occasional stirring 
until its weight has been reduced to 1000 gm. (or 1000 grains). 



32 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

It is then removed from the bath and occasionally stirred until 
cool. <U. S., p 83. FC F, p 219. 

CERATUM CETACEI. Spermaceti Cerate. This preparation 
remains the same, only the substitution of metric weight for parts. 
Spermaceti 100 gm. (or 2 ounces), white wax 350 gm. (or 7 ounces) 
olive oil 550 gm. (or 11 ounces). The wax and spermaceti are 
melted and the oil added, stirring until cold. <U. S., p 84. F 
C F, p 220. 

CERATUM PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Cerate of Lead Subace- 
tate. Goulard's Cerate. This is changed only in the substitution of 
metric weight for parts. Solution of lead subacetate 200 gm. (or 
2 ounces, by weight,), camphor cerate 800 gm. (or 8 ounces). The 
solution to be thoroughly mixed with the cerate by rubbing them 
together when wanted for use. <U. S., p 84. F C F, p 221. 

CERATUM RESINS. Resin Cerate. Basilicon Ointment. 
The present formula is the same as before except the substitution 
of metric weight for parts. Resin 360 gm. (or 3^2 ounces), yellow 
wax 150 gm. (or 1% ounces), lard 500 gm. (or 6 ounces), to be 
melted together at a moderate heat, strained through muslin 
and allowed to cool without stirring. <U. S., p 84. F C F, p 221 

CERII OXALAS. Cerium Oxalate. Cereovs Oxalate. Ce 2 
(C 2 4 ) 3 + 9 H 2 0. 

The supplementary title Cereous oxalate is added in the new Pharm. It is insol- 
uble in water, alcohol or other common media. U. S., p 85. FCF.p 226. 

CETACEUM. Spermaceti. "A peculiar, concrete, fatty sub- 
stance obtained from physeter macroccfhalus" <U. S., p 85. F 
C F, p 226. 

Sp. gr. at N T. about 0.945. Melts at about 50°C. (i22°F.), and congeals near 
45°C. (ii3°F.). Insoluble in water, nearly insoluble in cold alcohol. 

Chartae. Papers. In this class of preparations, charta cantharidis which was 
official in the sixth revision, is now dismissed; in the two remaining, there is no 
important change. 

CHARTA POTASSII NITRATIS. Potassium Nitrate Paper. 

The only change in this is the substitution of metric weight and 
measure for parts. Potassium nitrate 200 gm. (or 2 ounces), is 
dissolved in distilled water 800 Cc. (or 8 ounces), and in this, strips 
of white unsized paper are immersed and then dried. <U. S., p 
86. F C F, p 228. 

CHARTA SINAPIS. Mustard Paper. The present Pharm. 
directs black mustard in No 60 powder 100 gm. (or 10 ounces), 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 33 



India rubber 10 gm. (or i ounce), benzin, carbon disulphide each, 
a sufficient quantity. The mustard is percolated with the benzin 
until all oil is removed, then dried by exposure to air. The rub- 
ber is dissolved in a mixture of 200 Cc. each of benzine and carbon 
disulphide, and the dried mustard mixed with enough of the solu- 
tion of rubber to make a semi-fluid magma which is applied by 
means of a suitable brush to one side of a piece of rather stiff 
well-sized paper so as to cover it completely, and allowed to dry. 
The former Pharm. d rected solution of gutta-percha as the varnish for applying 
the mustard to the paper. A surface of sixty square centimeters (or 9 square inches) 
should contain 4 gm. (or 60 grains) of the black mustard deprhed of fixed oil. The 
prepared mustard paper should be dipped in warm water for a quarter of minute 
before applying. <U. S., p 86. F C F, p 229. 

CHLORAL. Chloral. Chlqral Hydrate. C 2 HC1 3 0+H 2 0. 
"A crystalline solid, composed of trichloraldehyde or chloral with 
one molecule of water." <U. S., p 88. F C F, p 233. 

The preparation officially recognized is the crystallized, not the "crust" from of 
chloral. It is very soluble in water, alcohol, ether, also in chloroform, benzol, 
benzin, carbon disulphide and volatile oils. It forms liquids when triturated with 
camphor, menthol, thymol or carbolic acid. It meits at about 58°C. (136. 4°F.), 
making a liquid of sp. gr. about 1575. 

CHLOROFORMUM. Chloroform. Chloroformum Purifica- 
tum Pharm. 1880. CHC1 3 . "A liquid consisting of 99 to 99.4 
per cent., by weight, of absolute chloroform, and 1 to 0.6 per cent, 
of alcohol." <U. S., p 88. F C F, p 237. 

As will be noted this takes the place of the purified chloroform of the 1880 Pharm. 
the chloroform venale or commercial chloroform, which was also official in that re- 
vision, being dismissed. The percentage of absolute chloroform is also slightly in- 
creased. Its sp. gr. should not be below 1.490 at N T. or 1.473 at 25°C. 
(77°F.). It is soluble in 200 times its volume of cold water and in all proportions 
in alcohol, ether, benzol, benzin, and oils. It boils at 6o° to 6i°C.(i4o° to 141. 8°F) 
is not imflammable, but very volatile. 

CINCHONIDIN^E SULPHAS. Cinchonidine Sulphate. (C 19 

H 22 N 2 0) 2 H 2 S0 4 +3 2 HO. "The neutral sulphate of an alkaloid ob- 
tained from the bark of various species of Cinchona." <U. S., 
p 92. F C F, in. 

It will be noted that a slight change, based upon modern determinations, is made 
in expressing the chemical formula of this salt. It is soluble ac N T. in 66 parts 
of water and in 10 parts of alcohol. 

CINCHONINA. Cinchonine. C 19 H 22 N 2 0. "An alkaloid obtain- 
ed from the bark of various species of cinchona." <U. S., p 93. 
F C F, p 112. 



34 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

Note the change in the chemical formula, which was in the former revision 
C20H24N2O. Soluble at N T. in 3760 parts of water and in 116 parts of alcohol. 

CINCHONINjE SULPHAS. Cinchonine Sulphate. (C 19 H 24 N a O) a 
H 2 S0 4 +2H 2 0. 

This salt of cinchonine has one less part of water than cinchonidine, but is other- 
wise the same in chemical composition. It is soluble at N T. in 66 parts of water 
and in 10 parts of alcohol. Being more soluble in ordinary menstrua it is better to 
use in solutions, elixirs, etc., as a bitter cinchona tonic, than other salts of the cin- 
chona alkaloids. <U. S , p 93. F C F, p 112. 

COCAINE HYDROCHLORAS. Cocaine Hydrochlorate. C„ 

H 21 N0 4 HC1. "The hydrochlorate of an alkaloid obtained from 
coca." <U. S., p 95. F C F, p H3. new. 

This much used preparation is for the first time official in the U.S. Pharm. It 
was official in the Br P. of 1885, at which time it was coming into general use. It 
is soluble at N T. in 0.48 part of water and in 3.5 parts of alcohol. It is also sol- 
uble in 17 parts of chloroform, but nearly insoluble in ether. For tests of purity 
etc., refer to the Pharmacopoeia. In solution this salt is extensively used as a hypo- 
dermic injection to relieve neuralgia, it is also much employed in ophthalmic prac- 
tice to produce local anaesthesia, and locally, in the form of ointment, liniments, 
suppositories and other forms as an anodyne. Internally it is administered as an ano- 
dyne and intoxicant, in doses of \ to 1 grain or more. It has been proposed and 
tried as a cure for the opium habit but the remedy proves worse than the disease. 

CODEINA. Codeine. C 18 H 21 N0 3 +H 2 0. "An alkaloid obtain- 
ed from opium." <U. S., p,96. F C F, 114, 666. 

It is soluble at N T. in 80 parts of water and in 3 parts of alcohol. It is also 
soluble in 2 parts of chloroform or 30 parts of ether. It is sedative, but only slight- 
ly narcotic, the dose is ^ to 1 grain. 

COLLODIUM. Collodion. In the new revision metric weight 
and measure are directed instead of parts by weight, the propor- 
tions being slightly different. Pyroxylin 30 gm. (or 218 grains), 
ether 750 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces), alcohol 250 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces). 
The pyroxylin is placed in a bottle, the ether added, and allowed 
to stand 15 minutes, the alcohol is then added and the bottle 
shaken occasionally until the pyroxylin is dissolved. <U. S., p 97. 

It will be observed that the directions for making differ from those of the former 
revision, by reversing the order of the addition of the liquids, the alcohol being 
added first in the 1880 Pharm. <F C F, p 241 . 

COLLODIUM CANTHARIDATUM. Cantharidal Collodion. 

Blistering Collodion. This preparation takes the place of the 
collodium cum cantharide of the 1880 revision. The name only is 
changed, the preparation remaining the same except that metric 
weight is subsituted for parts. Cantharides, in No. 60 powder, 
60 gm. (or 6 ounces) is exhausted by percolating with chloroform, 



THE, U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 35 



(about 250 gm. or 25 ounces being required); the chloroform is 
then recovered, (about 200 gm. or 20 ounces) by distillation and 
the residue evaporated by water-bath to 15 gm. (or 1 Vi ounces). 
This is then dissolved in flexible collodion 85 gm. (or 8)4 ounces) 
and set aside to settle clear. <U. S., p 97. F C F, p 241. 

To produce a blister this is painted with a c. h, brush over the surface or part re- 
quired to be blistered. 

COLLODIUM FLEXILE. Flexible Collodion. This remains 
the same as in the former revision. Collodion 920 gm. (or 920 
grains), Canada turpentine 50 gm. (or 50 grains), castor oil 30 gm. 
(or 30 grains), are thoroughly mixed together. <U. S., p 98. 
F C F, p 243. 

COLLODIUM STYPTICUM. Styptic Collodion. The present 
formula directs metric weight and measure instead of parts by 
weight, as in the 1880 Pharm., but the preparation is about the 
same. Tannic acid 20 gm. (or 210 grains), alcohol 5 Cc. (or 50 
minims), ether 25 Cc. (or 250 minims), collodion sufficient to make 
100 Cc. (or 1000 minims = 2 fl. ounces and 40 minims). The tannic 
acid, alcohol and ether are mixed together in a bottle and the 
collodion added. <U. S., p 98. F C F, p 243. 

CONFECTIO ROSjE. Confection of Rose. This formula is 
changed only by the use of metric weight and the stronger rose 
water of the present Pharm. Red rose, in No. 60 powder, 80 gm. 
(or 1 ounce), sugar in fine powder 640 gm. (or 8 ounces), clarified 
honey 120 gm. (or 1% ounces), stronger rose water 160 Cc. (or 2 
ounces). The red rose is rubbed with the stronger rose water 
heated to 65 ° C. 149 F.), the sugar and honey gradually added 
and the mixture beat together until a uniform mass results. <U. 
S., p 99. F C F, p 257. 

CONFECTIO SENNiE. Confection of Senna. In the present 
preparation oil of coriander is used instead of coriander seed, and 
the proportion of sugar slightly increased to make up for the 
coriander seed omitted, metric weight takes the place of parts. 
Senna, in No. 60 powder, 100 gm. (or 100 grains), cassia fistula? 
bruised, 160 gm. (or 160 grains), tamarind 100 gm. (or 100 grains) 
prune, sliced, 70 gm. (or 70 grains), fig, bruised, 120 gm. (or 120 
grains, sugar in fine powder 555 gm. (or 555 grains), oil of corian- 
der 5 gm. (or 5 minims), water a sufficient quantity to make icoo 
gm. (or 1000 grains = 2 ounces av.-)-i25 grains). For manner of 
making see U. S., p 99. F C F, p 258. 



36 fenner's hand-book of 

CREOSOTUM. Creosote. "A mixture of phenols, chiefly guai- 
acol and cresol, obtained during the distillation of wood-tar, 
preferably of that derived from the beech, fagus sylvatica. <U. 
S., p toi. F C F, 263, 694. 

Note the change of spelling, which was, in the 1880 Pharm. cveisote. Sp. gr. 
not below 1.070 at N T. Soluble in 150 parts of water at N T. and in all propor- 
tions in absolute alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzin, acetic acid and oils.. Boils at 
205°C. (402. 8°F.) and when cooled to — 20°C. ( — 4°F.) it beconrs gelatinous but 
does not solidify. This is a good test to distniguish it from carbolic acid, which is 
frequently sold for creosote. 

CRETA PRiEPARATA. Prepared Chalk. CaC0 3 . 

Nearly insoluble in water, and entirely insoluble in alcohol. In dilute acetic, 
hydrochloric or nitric acid it dissolves with evolution of C0 3 . U. S., p 101. F C F, 
p 206. 

CUPRI SULPHAS. Copper Sulphate. Cupric Sulphate. 
CuS0 4 + 5 H 2 0. 

This still remains the only official salt of copper; the supplementary title cupric 
sulphate is added in the present revision, but it is more commonly known by its 
commercial name Blue Vitriol. It is soluble at N T. in about 2.6 parts of water 
and in 0.5 part of boiling water, nearly insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 103. 
F C F, p 265. 

Cusso. Kousso. Brayera, Pharm. 1880. Note the the change of title in the 
present Pharm. <U. S., p 103. 

DECOCTA. Decoctions. An important change is made in the 
general formula for decoctions in the new Pharm. by reducing 
their strength one-half; they are, however, so little used in this 
country that no confusion need result. The present formula is to 
take of the substance, coarsely comminuted, 50 gm. (or 305 grains), 
water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces). The 
substance is to be put in a covered vessel, 1000 Cc. (or i pint) of 
water poured upon it and, keeping well covered, boiled for fifteen 
minutes. It is then cooled to about 40 C. (140 F.), expressed 
and strained and enough cold water passed through the strainer 
to make up the measure to the required quantity. <U. S., p 104 
F C F, p 268. 

DECOCTUM CETRARIA. Decoction of Cetraria. This prepa- 
ration remains unchanged except by the substitution of metric 
weight and measure for parts. Cetraria 50 gm. (or 364 grains), 
water enough to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces). Cover the 
cetraria with water, express after half an hour and throw the liquid 
away, then make a decoction by boiling with fresh water for half 
an hour as directed in the previous formula. <U. S., p 104. F 
C F, p 268. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 37 

DECOCTUM SARSAPARILLA COMPOSITUM. Compound 
Decoction of Sarsaparilla. The formula for this is the same as in 
the 6th revision except that metric weight is substituted for parts. 
Sarsaparilla, cut and bruised ioo gra. (or 2 ounces), sarsafras, in 
No. 20 powder 20 gm. (or 175 grains), guaiacum wood, rasped, 2c 
gm. (or 175 grains), glycyrrhiza, bruised, 20 gm. (or 175 grains), 
mezereum, cut and bruised, 10 gm. (or 87 grains), water a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 ounces). The sarsaparilla 
and guaiacum are to be boiled for half an hour in 1000 Cc. (or 20 
ounces) of water, the sassafras, glycyrrhiza and mezereum are 
then to be added, the vessel covered and the contents macerated 
for two hours: it is then strained and enough water added through 
the strainer to make the product measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 ounces). 

ELASTICA. India Rubber. C voutchouc. "The prepared 
milk-juice of various species of Hevea known in commerce as Para 
rubber." <U. S., p 106. F C F, 725. 

This is now made official because of its use in making charta sinapis in place of 
gutta-percha, which was directed in the former revision. It is insoluble in water, 
alcohol, dilute acids or dilute solutions of alkalies. Soluble in chloroform, carbon 
disulphide, oil of turpentine, benzin and benzol. It melts at about I25°C. (257°F.)> 
remaining soft and adhesive after cooling. When heated together with 12 to 15 
per cent, of sulphur it becomes more or less hard or "vulcanized." 

ELATERINUM. Elaterin. C 20 H 28 O 5 . "A neutral principle 
obtained from elaterium, a substance deposited by the juice of the 
fruit of ecballium elaterium." <U. S., p 106. F C F, p 274. 

It is very nearly insoluble in water, 4250 p.irts being required for one part of the 
drug. In alcohol 337 parts are required, and in ether 543 parts, but in chloroform 
it dissolves in 2.4 parts. The dose of elaterin is y 1 ^ grain. 

ELIXIRA. Elixirs, The present Pharm., like its predecessors, decline to 
furnish formulas for even a limited line of elixirs, ignoring the fact that as a class 
they are much more used than tinctures, syrup or many other classes of official pre- 
pa-ations. For reliable formulas for elixirs and elegant preparations <F C F, p 
274 to 382. 

ELIXIR AROMATICUM. Aromatic Elixir. This formula is 
intended to take the place of the elixir aurantii of the sixth re- 
vision. Its ingredients are entirely changed but the resultant 
preparation is quite similar. This is designed as a base or vehicle 
to which additions may be made as desired by the prescribing 
physician, or by druggists who wish to prepare them. Compound 
spirit of orange 12 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), syrup 375 Cc. (or 31^ 
fl. ounces), precipitated calcium phosphate 15 gm. (or 1 */ ounces 
av.), deodorized alcohol, distilled water each a sufficient quantity 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



to make iooo Cc. (or 83 ^ fl.ounces = 5 pints, 3^3 fl. ounces). 
"To the compound spirit of orange add enough deodorized alcohol 
to make 250 Cc. (or about 21 fl. ounces), to this solution add the 
syrup in several portions, agitating after each addition, and after- 
wards add, in the same manner, 375 Cc. (or 31^ fl. ounces) of dis- 
tilled water. Mix the precipitated calcium phosphate intimately 
with the liquid, and then filter through a wetted filter, returning 
the first portions of the filtrate until a transparent liquid is obtain- 
ed. Lastly, wash the filter with a mixture of 1 volume of deodor- 
ized alcohol, and 3 volumes of distilled water until the product 
measures 1000 Cc. (or 83^ fl. ounces." <U. S., p 107. 

It is doubtful if those who have Fenner's Complete Formulary, will make 
their aromatic elixir from the forgoing formula As it has no medicinal qualities it 
need not necessarily, be used, because it is official, if any other, harmless, flavored 
vehicle is preferable. This must, of course, be left to the judgment of druggists and 
physicians who prepare and use the elixirs. 

ELIXIR PHOSPHORI. Elixir of Phosphorus, new. Spirit of 
phosphorus 210 Cc. (or 3^ fl. ounces), oil of anise 2 Cc. (or 16 
minims), glycerin 550 Cc. (or 8j^ fl. ounces), aromatic elixir a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces). "To the spirit 
of phosphorus contained in a graduated bottle, add the oil of 
anise and glycerin and mix them by repeatedly inverting the 
bottle until they form a clear liquid. Then add aromatic elixir in 
several portions, gently agitating after each addition, until a 
transparent liquid is obtained and the product measures 1000 Cc. 
(or 16 fl. ounces). Keep the product in dark amber-colored, well- 
stoppered bottles, in a cool place." <U. S., p 107. 

Fach Cc. represents about %. milligramme (0.00025 g m - or 0.00385 grain) of 
phosphorus. 

EMPLASTRA. Plasters. In this class emplastrum ammoniaci, emplastrum 
asafcetidae, emplastrum galbani, and emplastrum picis Canadensis which were official 
in the 1880 Pharm., are dismissed; otherwise they are but little changed. In fact 
the Pharmacopceial plasters are scarcely used at all, their place being supplied by 
the proprietary plasters of manufacturers. 

EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI CUM HYDRARGYRO. Ammo- 
niac Plaster with Mercury. The present formula is the same as 
the former except that metric weight and measure are directed 
instead of parts by weight. It is therefore unnecessary to repeat 
the formula here. <U. S., p 108. F C F, p 383. 

EMPLASTRUM ARNICA. Arnica Plaster. The present 
formula is extract of arnica root 330 gm. (or 330 grains), resin 
plaster 670 gm. (or 670 grains), to make 1000 gm. (or 1000 grains 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 39 

= 2 ounces av. -f- 125 grains). The plaster is first melted by 
water-bath and the extract added, they are then thoroughly mixed. 
This is practically the same as before. <U. S., p 108. F C F, 
P383. 

EMPLASTRUM BELLADONNA. Belladonna Plaster. The 
present formula is changed entirely as follows: Alcoholic extract 
of belladonna leaves 200 gin. (or 2 ounces), resin plaster 400 gm. 
(or 4 ounces), soap plaster 400 gm. (or 4 ounces). The plasters 
are to be melted together on a water-bath and the extract of bella- 
donna leaves added, continuing the heat and incorporating them 
well together by constant stirring. <U. S., p 108. F C F, p 384. 

The 1S80 formula directed an alcoholic extract of Belladonna root to be prepared 
and incorporated with resin plaster. The present formula s identical with the Br 
P., except that the ext. belladona was made from the root instead of the leaves. 

EMPLASTRUM CAPSICI. Capsicum Plaster. There is no 
change in this. The Pharm. directs resin plaster to be spread on 
muslin and a thin coating of oleoresin of capsicum spread over it 
by means of a brush. 

Druggists take the spread adhesive plaster (which is resin plaster) and apply the 
oleoresin of capsicum with a small brush, leaving a margin along the edges on 
which it is not brushed. But manufacturer's capsicum plasters already prepared are 
most generally supplied unless the official plaster is spec ally ordered. <U. S., p 
109. F C F, p 384. 

EMPLASTRUM FERRI. Iron Plaster. Strengthening 
Plaster. The present Pharm. formula is somewhat changed. 
Olive oil taking the place of Canada turpentine, and the propor- 
tion of the remaining ingredients all altered. Ferric hydrate, 
dried at a temperature not exceeding 8o° C. (176 F.), 90 gm. 
(or 90 grains), olive oil 50 gm. (or 50 grains), Burgundy pitch 140 
gm. (or 140 grains), lead plaster 720 gm. (or 720 grains), to make 
tooo gm. (or 1000 grains = 2 ounces av. + 125 grains). The lead 
plaster and pitch are to be melted together by water-bath, the 
olive oil added, then the ferric hydrate incorporated, and stirred 
while cooling. <U. S., p 109. F C F, p 385. 

EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. Mercurial Plaster. The 
present formula is entirely changed from the former. Mercury 
300 gm. (or 300 grains), oleate of mercury 12 gm. (or 12 grains), 
lead plaster a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 1000 grains 
= 2 ounces av. -f- 125 grains). The mercury is to be triturated 
with the oleate of mercury in a tared (weighed) capsule, until 
globules of metal are no longer visible, the capsule is then to be 



40 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

placed on a water-bath with enough lead plaster previously melted 
to make the contents weigh iooo gm. (or iooo grains = 2 ounces 
av. -f 125 grains. <U. S.., p 109. F C F, p 386. 

EMPLASTRUM ICHTHYOCOLL^. Isinglass Plaster. Court 
Plaster. The formula remains the same as before, metric 
weight being directed instead of parts. As this is seldom made 
except by manufacturers it is unnecessary to repeat the formula. 
<U. S., p no. F C F, p 387. 

EMPLASTRUM OPII. Opium Plaster. The present formula 
is the same as the former except that metric weight and measure 
are directed instead of parts. Extract of opium 60 gm. (or 60 
grains), Burgundy pitch 180 gm. (or 180 grains), lead plaster 760 
gm. (or 760 grains), water 80 Cc. (or 80 minims). The extract of 
opium is to be rubbed with the water until uniformily soft and 
added to the Burgundy pitch and lead plaster previously melted 
together by heat of a water-bath, the heat is then to be continued 
for a short time with stirring until the water is evaporated. <U. 
S, pno. FCF, p 3 8 7 . 

EMPLASTRUM PICIS BURGUNDICjE. Burgundy Pitch 
Plaster. In the present formula olive oil is added. Burgundy 
pitch 800 gm. (or 8 ounces), olive oil 50 gm. (or V2 ounce), yellow 
wax 150 gm. (or iy 2 ounces). The Burgundy pitch and wax are 
to be melted together and the oil added, stirring constantly until 
cool. <U. S., p in. F C F, p 388. 

EMPLASTRUM PICIS CANTHARIDATUM. Cantharidal 
Pitch Plaster. Warming Plaster. This takes the place of the 
Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide, of the former revision, the in- 
gredients and proportions being the same. Cerate of Cantharides 
80 gm. (or 1 ounce), Burgundy pitch sufficient to make iooo gm. 
(or 12^ ounces). The cerate of cantharides is to be melted on a 
water-bath containing boiling water and the heat continued for 15 
minutes; the melted cerate is then to be strained through muslin 
of close texture so that the cantharides will be retained on the 
muslin and then sufficient Burgundy pitch added to the strained 
liquid to make the whole weigh iooo gm. (or 12V2 ounces), and 
then melted together and stirred while cooling. <U. S., p in. 
F C F, p 389. 

EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI. Lead Plaster. Diachy on Plast- 
er. The ingredients and proportions of the -formula of the new 
Pharm. are the same as before, but the quantities directed are 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 41 

such that the product would be about 20 pounds av. Lead oxide 
3200 gm. (or 7 pounds av. -|- 384 grains), olive oil 6000 gm. (or 13 
pounds 3 ounces av. -\- 282 grains), water a sufficient quantity. 
"Mix the lead oxide, previously passed through a No. 80 sieve, 
intimately with about one-half of the olive oil by trituration, and 
add the mixture to the remainder of the oil contained in a bright 
copper boiler with a capacity equal to at least four times the bulk 
of the ingredients. Then add 1000 Cc. (or 33 fl. ounces -j- 390 
minims) of boiling water and boil the whole together over a fire, 
constantly stirring with a wooden spatula until a small portion 
when dropped into cold water is found to be pliable and 
tenecious. From time to time add a little water to replace that 
lost by evaporation. When the contents of the boiler have ac- 
quired a whitish color and are perfectly homogeneous, transfer 
them to a vessel containing warm water, and as soon as the mass 
has sufficiently cooled, knead it well with the water so as to re- 
move the glycerin, renewing the water from time to time as long 
as it may be necessary; finally divide the mass into rolls of suitable 
size." <U. S.., p in. F C F, p 389. 

The explicit directions for manipulation in this formula, as above quoted, have 
long been needed. The quantity directed was probably chosen by the Committee 
of Revision because of the better and more uniform result obtained in making a large 
quantity. 

EMPLASTRUM RESINS. Resin Plaster. Adhesive Plaster. 
There is no change in this ezcept the substitution of metric 
weight for parts. Resin in fine powder 140 gm. (or 7/% ounce), 
lead plaster 800 gm. (or 5 ounces), yellow wax 60 gm. (or ^ 
ounce). The plaster and wax are to be melted together by gentle 
heat and the resin added and throughly incorporated. <U. S., 
p 112. F C F, p 390. 

EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS. Soap Plaster. This preparation 
is the same except that metric weight is directed instead of parts. 
Soap (Castile) dried and in coarse powder 100 gm. (or 1 ounce), 
lead plaster 900 gm. (or 9 ounces), water a sufficient quantity; 
enough water is to be rubbed with the soap to reduce it to a semi- 
liquid state and it is then added to the lead plaster previously 
melted and the heat continued to evaporate the water added. 
<U. S., p 112. F C F, p 391. 

EMULSA. Emulsions. A number of preparations which have heretofore been 
classed in the U. S. Pharm. as mixtures, now appear as emulsions. This will, no 
doubt, at first lead to some confusion, but as they are indexed under mixtures, as 



42 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

well as emulsions, they may readily be referred to. Emulsions proper, that is, emul- 
sions of oils, are not represented in the Pharmacopoeia. 

EMULSUM AMMONIACI. Emulsion of Ammoniac. Mistura 
Ammoniaci, Pharm. 1880. Ammoniac 40 gm. (or 200 grains), 
water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 11 fl. ounces). The 
ammoniac is to be placed in a warmed mortar and rubbed with 
separate small portions of the water until a uniform emulsion re- 
sults. This is then to be strained and enough water added 
through the strainer to make the product measure 1000 Cc. (or 11 
fl.ounces. <U. S., p 112. F C F, 620. 

EMULSUM AMYGDALA. Emulsion of Almond. Mistura 
Amygdalae, Pharm. 1880. Milk of Almond. The formula is the 
same as before except that metric weight and measure are direct- 
ed instead of parts. Sweet almond 60 gm. (or 240 grains), acacia 
in fine powder 10 gm. (or 40 grains), sugar 30 gm. (or 120 grains), 
water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 9 fl.ounces). 
Blanch the almonds, add the acacia and sugar, and beat them in a 
mortar until thoroughly mixed, then rub the mass with 600 Cc. (or 
8 ounces) of water gradually added; strain and add through the 
strainer enough water to make 1000 Cc. (or 9 fl.ounces). <U. S., 
p 113. F C F, p 621. 

EMULSUM ASAFCETIDiE. Emulsion of Asafetida. Mistura 
AsAFCETiDiE, Pharm. 1880. Milk of Asafetida. The present 
formula directs asafetida in selected tears 40 gm. (or 200 grains), 
water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 11 fl.ounces). 
The directions for making are the same as for emulsion of am- 
moniac, q. v. <U. S., p 113. F C F, p 621. 

EMULSUM CHLOROFORMI. Emulsion of Chloroform. Mis- 
tura Chloroformi, Pharm. 1880. The formula for this prepa- 
ration is entirely changed, the present formula being: Chloroform 
40 Cc. (or 160 minims), expressed oil of almond 60 Cc. (or 240 
minims), tragacanth in very fine powder 15 gm. (or 60 grains), 
water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 11 fl.ounces). 
"Introduce the tragacanth into a perfectly dry bottle of sufficient 
capacity, add the chloroform and shake the bottle thoroughly, so 
that every part of the surface may become wetted. Then add 
about 250 Cc. (or 2^ ounces) of water and incorporate it by vig- 
orous shaking. Next add the expressed oil of almond in several 
portions, shaking after each addition, and when the oil has been 
thoroughly emulsified, add enough water in divided portions, 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 43 

shaking after each addition until the product measures iooo Cc. 
(or n fl. ounces). <U. S., p 113. 

It will be noticed that, when the difference in weight and measure of chloroform 
is considered, the new preparation contains %. less chloroform than the former, there- 
fore care must be taken in dispensing, not to mistake the one for the other. The omis- 
sion of camphor in the new formula must also be taken into account. 

EUCALYPTOL. Eucalyptol. C ]0 H 18 O. "A neutral body ob- 
tained from the volatile oil of Eucalyptus globulus and other 
species." <U. S., p 115. F C F, p 648. 

Eulacyptol is a colorless liquid, with sp. gr. 0.930 at N T. and boiling point 
176 to I77°C. and solidifying at some degrees below the freezing point of water, 
o°C. (32°F.), by which means it is separated from oil of eucalyptus. It is soluble 
in alcohol in all proportions, also in carbon disulphide and glacial acetic acid. It 
is used as a stimulant to the mucous membrane in bronchial affections, catarrh, etc. 

EXTRACTA. EXTRACTS. In the so called solid extracts of the new Pharm. 
three new ones have been added, viz.: extract of cimicifuga, extract of jalap, and 
extract of uva ursi, and one, extract of malt, has been dismissed. The chief changes 
to be noted in this class is the omission of glycerin, which was directed in many of 
the formulas of the 1S80 Pharm., and the alkaloidal assay of extracts of mix vomica, 
and extract of opium. Metric weight and measure is also substituted for parts. 
To save needless repetition we have given a general formula corresponding 
with the directions of the Pharmacopoeia, and in each formula for an extract, have 
stated the menstruum required and any special manipulation, aside from the general 
formula, that may be directed. 

EXTRACTS. General Formula. 

The drug, in No. powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 

The menstruum, a sufficient quantity. 

The powdered drug is to be moistened with sufficient menstruum 
(from 250 to 400 Cc. or from 8 to 12 fl. ounces) and, after standing 
a few hours, packed firmly in a percolator, (preferably a water-bath 
percolator) and enough of the menstruum added to cover the 
powder and leave a stratum above it. When the liquid begins to 
drop from the percolator the lower orifice is to be closed, the top 
closely covered, and the contents allowed to macerate for 24 to 48 
hours. The percolation is then to begin and be continued, gradually, 
adding fresh menstruum as required, until the drug is exhausted 
of its medicinal strength. The first 900 Cc. (or 29 fl. ounces) of 
the percolate are reserved, and the remainder evaporated (and re- 
covered by distillation if alcoholic) to 100 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces). 
This is to be added to the reserved portion and the whole evapo- 
rated by the heat of a water-bath to an extract of pilular consis- 
tence, when cold. <F C F, p 442'. 



44 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

EXTRACTS FROM FLUID EXTRACTS. Solid or pilular extracts which drug- 
gists do not have on hand are often required in small quantities for prescrip- 
tions, etc. They can readily be made by evaporating a fluid extract of the required 
drug to a pilular consistence by the heat of a water bath. 

EXTRACTUM ACONITI. Extract of Aconite. 

Alcohol, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Make an extract according to the general formula, recovering 
the alcohol by distillation. <U. S., p 117. F C F, p 443. 
EXTRACTUM ALOES. Extract of Aloes. 
Aloes, 100 gm. (or 3^2 ounces). 
Boiling distilled water, 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). 
"Mix the aloes with the water in a suitable vessel, stirring con- 
stantly until the particles of aloes are thoroughly disintegrated, 
and let the mixture stand for 12 hours, then pour off the clear 
liquor , strain the residue, mix the liquids, and evaporate to dry- 
ness by means of a water or steam bath. <U. S., p 117. F C F, 
P 443- 
EXTRACTUM ARNICA RADICIS. Extract of Arnica Root. 
Arnica root, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Prepare according to the general formula, <U. S., p 118. 
F C F, p 443. 

EXTRACTUM BELLADONNA FOLIORUM ALCOHOLICUM. 
Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna Leaves. Extractum Bella- 
donna Alcoholicum, Pharm. 1880. 

Belladonna leaves, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix two measures of alcohol with one measure of water as a 
menstruum, and prepare according to the general formula. 

EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDICT. Extract of Indian Can- 
nabis. 

Indian Cannabis, in No. 20 powder, rooo gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Prepare the extract according to the general directions, recov- 
ering the alcohol from the percolate by distillation. <U. S., p 124 
F C F, p 444. 
EXTRACTUM CIMICIFUGiE. Extract of Cimicifuga. 
Cimicifuga, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 45 

Prepare the extract according to the general directions, recov- 
ering the alcohol from the percolate by distillation. <U. S., p 
126. new. 
EXTR ACTUM CINCHONA. Extract of Cinchona. 
Cinchona, in No. 6o powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol 3000 gm. (or 6 pints). 
Water 1000 gm. (or 2 pints). 
Diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity. 
The alcohol and water are to be mixed, and the drug percolated 
with the mixture, following it with diluted alcohol until 4000 Cc. 
(or 8 pints) of percolate have passed. The alcohol is then to be 
recovered by distillation, and the remaining liquid evaporated by 
water-bath to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 127. FCF, p 444. 
EXTRACTUM COLCHICI RADICIS. Extract of Colchicum 
Root. 

Colchicum root, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds av.). 
Acetic acid 350 Cc. (or 11 *^ fl. ounces). 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 
The acetic acid is to be mixed with 1500 Cc. (or 3 pints) of 
water, and the drug percolated with the mixture, following the 
percolation with water until the drug is exhausted, and evapo- 
rating the percolate in a porcelain vessel by means of a water- 
bath, to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 128. F C F, p 445. 
EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDES. Extract of Colocynth. 
Colocynth, dried and freed from the seeds, 1000 gm. (or 2 
pounds). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
The drug, in coarse powder, is to be percolated until exhausted 
as detailed in the general formula, the percolate being evaporated, 
the alcohol recovered by distillation, and the remainder reduced 
by evaporating to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 130. FCF, P445. 
EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS COMPOSITUM. Compound 
Extract of Colocynth. 

Extract of colocynth, 160 gm. (or 160 grains). 
Purified aloes, 500 gm. (or 500 grains). 
Cardamom, in No. 60 powder, 60 gm. (or 60 grains). 
Resin of scammony, in fine powder, 140 gm. (or 140 grains). 
Soap, dried and in coarse powder, 140 gm. (or 140 grains). 
Alcohol, 100 Cc. (or 100 minims). 
The aloes is melted in a suitable vessel on a water-bath, the 



46 fenner's hand-book of 

alcohol, soap, extract of colocynth and resin of scammony are 
added and the mixture heated, not exceeding 120 C. (248 F.), 
until it is perfectly homogeneous, and a thread taken from the 
mass becomes brittle when cool. The cardamom is then incorpo- 
rated and the vessel covered until cold, when the mass is reduced 
to a fine powder. <U, S., p 131. F C F, p 445. 
EXTRACTUM CONII. Extract of Conium. 

Conium, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds, av.). 

Acetic acid, 20 Cc. (or 5 fl. drachms). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
The acetic acid is to be mixed with 980 Cc. (or 2 pints) of 
diluted alcohol and the drug percolated as directed in the general 
formula, following the menstruum first used with diluted alcohol 
until the drug is exhausted and the percolate is then evaporated to 
an extract of pilular consistence. <U. S., p 131. F C F, p 445.- 

This was called extractum conii alcoholicum in the former revision. 

EXTRACTUM DIGITALIS. Extract of Digitalis. 

Digitalis, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity. 
Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure are mixed and an ex- 
tract made according to the general formula, recovering the 
alcohol from the percolate by distillation and evaporating the re- 
mainder to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 134. F C F, p 446. 
EXTRACTUM ERGOTS. Extract of Ergot. 
Fluid extract of ergot 150 Cc. (or 5 ounces). 
Is directed to be evaporated by means of a water-bath at a 
temperature not exceeding 50 C. (122 F.), stirring constantly 
until it is reduced to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 135. F C F, 

P 446. 

In a similar manner other extracts may be made, in small qnantities, from fluid. 
extracts and thus save the necessity of carrying a complete line of solid extracts, for 
which there is now but little demand. 

EXTRACTUM EUONYMI. Extract of Euonymus. 

Euonymus, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 

Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity. 
Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed and 
the drug percolated with the mixture according to the general 
formula, the alcohol being recovered by distillation and the re- 
mainder of the percolate evaporated to pilular consistence. <U. 
S., p 137. F C F, p 44 6. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 47 

EXTRACTUM GENTIANS. Extract of Gentian. 

Gentian, in No. 20 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 
The gentian is moistened with 400 Cc. (or 13 fl. ounces) of water 
and macerated for 24 hours, then packed in a conical percolator 
and exhausted with water as directed in the general formula, the 
liquid is then reduced to ^ of its bulk by boiling, strained and 
evaporated by water-bath to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 139. 
F C F, p 446. 

EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZiE. Extract of Glycyrrhiza. Ex- 
tract of Liquorice. "The commercial extract of the root of 
Glycyrrhiza glabra." <U.S.,pi4o. 
Not less than 60 per cent, of it should be soluble in cold water. 

EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZA PURUM. Pure Extract of 
Glycyrrhiza. 

Glycyrrhiza, in No. 20 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds, av.). 
Ammonia water, 150 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces). 
Distilled water, a sufficient quantity. 
The ammonia water is to be mixed with 3000 Cc. (or 6 pints) 
of distilled water and the drug percolated with the mixture as 
directed in the general formula, following the menstruum with 
distilled water until the drug is exhausted. The percolate is then 
to be evaporated by means of a water-bath to a pilular consistence 
<U. S, p 141. F C F, p 446. 
EXTRACTUM HAMATOXYLI. Extract of Haematoxylon. 
Haematoxylon rasped, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Water, 10,000 Cc. (or 20 pints). 
"Macerate the hsematoyxlon with the water for 48 hours, then 
boil (avoiding the use of metallic vessels) until one-half of the 
water has evaporated; strain the decoction, while hot, and evapo- 
rate to dryness." <U. S., p 143. F C F, p 447. 

It is not to be supposed that many druggists will prepare this extract, the com- 
mercial extract being sufficiently pure for the purposes for which it is used in Phar- 
macy. 

EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI. Extract of Hyoscyamus. 

Hyoscyamus, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol, 2000 Cc. (or 2 pints). 
Water, 1000 Cc. (or 1 pint). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
The alcohol and water are to be mixed and the drug percolated 
with the mixture, following with diluted alcohol until exhausted, 



48 fenner's hand-book of 

as directed in the general formula. The alcohol is to be re- 
covered from the percolate by distillation, and the remaining 
liquid evaporated by a water-bath to pilular consistence. <U. S., 
p 144. FCF,p 447. 

EXTRACTUM IRIDIS. Extract of Iris. 

Iris, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Prepare an extract as directed in the general formula, recover- 
ing the alcohol by distillation. <U. S., p 146. FCF, p 447. 
EXTRACTUM JALAPiE. Extract of Jalap, new. 
Jalap, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Prepare an extract as directed in the general formula, recover- 
ing the alcohol by distillation. <U. S., p 147. F C F, 447. 
EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS. Extract of Juglans. 
Juglans, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Prepare an extract as directed in the general formula, recover- 
ing the alcohol by distillation, and evaporating the remainder by 
water-bath to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 147. F C F, p 447. 
EXTRACTUM KRAMERIA. Extract of Krameria. 
Krameria, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Percolate in a conical glass percolator with water until the drug 
is exhausted, then heat the percolate to boiling, strain and evapo- 
rate the strained liquid by water-bath at a temperature not ex- 
ceeding 70 C. (158 F,), to dryness. <U. S., p 148. F C F, 
P 448. 
EXTRACTUM LEPTANDRA. Extract of Leptandra. 
Leptandra, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity. 
Mix 3 measures of alcohol with 1 measure of water, and perco- 
late the drug as directed in the general formula, until it is ex- 
hausted. Recover the alcohol by distillation and evaporate the 
residue by water-bath to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 149. F 
C F, 448. 

EXTRACTUM MALTI. Extract of Malt. This was official in the 1880 
Pharm. but is dismissed in the present revision. As this is much used, and not 
more difficult to make than many other extracts we do not understand why it was 
dismissed, <F C F, p 448, 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 49 

EXTRACTUM MEZEREI. Extract of Mezereum. This extract which was 
official in the 18S0 Pharm has been dismissed in the present revision. 

EXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMICA. Extract of Nux Vomica. 

Nux vomica, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 

Acetic acid, 50 Cc. (or 1^2 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol, water, ether, and sugar of milk, each a sufficient 

quantity. 
The acetic acid is to be mixed with the powdered nux vomica 
and it is then to be exhausted by percolating as directed in the 
general formula,with alcohol 3 measure mixed with water 1 measure. 
The alcohol is then to be distilled off and the remainder intro- 
duced into a tared (weighed) capsule and evaporated until it 
weighs about 150 gm. (or 5 ounces av.). This is to be transferred 
to a bottle holding 500 Cc. (or 1 pint), the capsule rinsed with 
about 50 Cc. (or 1^/2 ounce) of warm water and added to the con- 
tents of the bottle, and when cold one-fourth of its volume of ether 
added and thoroughly agitated, but without violent shaking. The 
etherial layer is then to be poured off and another fresh portion 
added in the same manner several times until all oily or greasy 
substances are removed. Then the contents of the bottle are re- 
moved to the tared capsule, rinsing the bottle with water and 
adding to the liquid in the capsule. The ether is to be recovered 
from the etherial washings by distillation and to the oily residue 
15 Cc. (or y 2 ounce) of boiling water is added and then acetic acid 
drop by drop until the mixture has a permanent acid reaction. 
Then it is to be filtered through a moistened filter, washing the 
filter with a little water, and the filtrate added to the extract in 
the capsule, and evaporated until the residue weighs about 200 
gm. (or 6-| ounces). When cool its exact weight is determined 
and a portion of 4 grammes (or 60 grains) of extract taken and 
assayed by the process directed in the Pharm. Another portion 
of 5 gm. (or 75 grains) is then taken and evaporated to a dry ex- 
tract, the loss showing the amount of water contained. From the 
results of the assay, showing -the total amount of alkaloids, and 
having ascertained the amount of water contained, is then deter- 
mined the amount of sugar of milk to be added to bring the 
quantity of alkaloids in the final dry extract to 15 per cent. After 
the addition of the sugar of milk the mass is evaporated to com- 
plete dryness and reduced to a powder. For process of assay see 
the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. <U. S., p 152, F C F, p 448. 



5° 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



The formula for this extract is entirely different from the 1880 Pharm., and much 
better, because it furnishes an extract of definite alkaloidal strength in the form of 
a powder, which admits of its being mixed more intimately in a pill mass than a 
pilular extract. It is not likely that many retail druggists will prepare this, but will 
rather use the preparation of some reliable manufacturing house. 

EXTRACTUM OPII. Extract of Opium. 

Powdered opium, 100 gm. (or 4 ounces). 

Sugar of milk, recently dried and in fine powder, 

Water, each, a sufficient quantity. 
The powdered opium is to be triturated thoroughly with 1000 
Cc. (or 40 ounces) of water and triturated occasionally during 12 
hours, then filtered through a double filter and water added 
through the filter to wash it thoroughly. The filtrate is then to 
be concentrated by evaporation on a water-bath, until the residue 
weighs about 200 gm. (or 8 ounces), and allowed to cool. The 
weight is then to be acurately determined, and 12 gm. (or no 
grains) of the liquid to be transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask, 
having a capacity of about 100 Cc. (or 4 ounces), and the amount 
of morphine which it contains, determined by the process of assay 
directed in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. In another portion of 5 gm. 
(or 45 grains) the amount of water is to be determined by evapo- 
rating to dryness. From these results the percentage of morphine 
and water are obtained, and enough sugar of milk is added to the 
remainder of the extract to bring the quantity of morphine in the 
final dry extract to 18 per cent. This is then to be evaporated to 
dryness and reduced to a powder. See process of assay in the U. 
S. Pharmacopoeia, p 156. <U. S., p 155. F C F, p 449. 

This preparation takes the place of the indefinite extract of opium that has here- 
tofore been furnished, and must be of great advantage to pharmacists and physi- 
cians; as it is in powdered form it will also be much more convenient than the soft 
extract that has usually been furnished as extract of opium. It is not likely that 
many retail pharmacists will prepare this extract, rather depending on the prepara- 
tion of reliable manufacturing pharmacists. 

EXTRACTUM PHYSOSTIGMATIS. Extract of Physostigma. 

Physostigma, in No. 80 powder, 1000 Cc. (or 2 pounds). 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Prepare an extract as directed in the general formula, recover- 
ing the alcohol by distillation. <U. S., p 157. F C F, p 449. 
EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI. Extract of Podophyllum. 

Podophyllum, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 

Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix 4 measures of alcohol with 1 measure of water and proceed 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



5* 



as directed in the general formula, recovering the alcohol by dis- 
tillation, and evaporating the remainder by water-bath to pilular 
consistence. <U. S., p 158. F C F, p 449. 
EXTRACTUM QUASSIA. Extract of Quassia. 
Quassia, in No. 20 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Exhaust the quassia, packed in a conical percolator, with water; 
reduce the percolate to 3^ of its bulk by boiling, then strain and 
evaporate by water-bath to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 160. 
F C F, p 449. 
EXTRACTUM RHEI. Extract of Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity. 
Mix 4 measures of alcohol with 1 measure of water, and perco- 
late as directed in the general formula. Reserve the first portion 
of 1000 Cc. (or 2 pints) and allow it to evaporate spontaneously in 
a warm place. Evaporate the remainder of the percolate by 
water-bath at a temperature not exceeding 79 C. (158 F.), to the 
consistence of syrup, which mix with the reserved portion and 
evaporate the whole, at a heat not exceeding the degree mentioned, 
to pilular extract. <U. S., p 162. F C F, p 450. 

EXTRACTUM STRAMONII SEMINIS. Extract of Stramo- 
nium Seed. Extract of Stramonii, Pharm. 1880. 

Stramonium seed, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Prepare an extract as directed in the general formula, recover- 
ing the alcohol by distillation and evaporating the remainder by 
water-bath to pilular consistence. <U. S., p 171. F C F, 450. 
EXTRACTUM TARAXACI. Extract of Taraxacum. 

Taraxacum, freshly gathered in autumn, a convenient quan- 
tity. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Taraxacum is to be sliced and bruised in a stone mortar, sprink- 
ling water upon it from time to time until it is reduced to a pulp; 
the juice is then expressed and strained, and evaporated in a 
vacuum apparatus or in a shallow porcelain dish, by water-bath, to 
a pilular consistence. This should be kept in a close vessel and 
its surface covered with a cloth which should be moistened from 
time to time with ether or chloroform, this is to prevent molding. 
<U. S., p 172. F C F, p 450. 



52 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

EXTRACTUM UVA URSI. Extract of Uva Ursi. new. 

Uva ursi, in No. 30 power, 1000 gm. (or 2 pounds). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix 2 measures of alcohol with 3 measures of water and proceed 
as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 173. 

EXTRACTA FLUIDA. Fluid Extracts. The Fluid Extracts of the present 
Pharm. are uniformly made to represent 1000 gm. of the drug in 1000 Cc. of the 
finished preparation. Eleven new ones have been added and two, (fluid extract of 
cornus and fluid extract of lactucarium), have been dismissed. There are now, in 
all, 88 official fluid extracts, of which J 7 are made with alcohol as a menstruum; 4, 
with four measures of alcohol to one of water; 12, with three measures of alcohol 
to one of water; 9, with two measures of alcohol to one of water; 19, with diluted 
alcohol; 16, with alcohol, water and glycerin, in varying proportions; 4, with alco- 
hol, water and acetic acid, in varying proportions; 2, with alcohol, water and ammonia 
water, in varying proportions; 5, with water mainly, and sufficient alcohol to pre- 
serve them. There are important changes in many of the formulas, and all in 
which diluted alcohol is directed are necessarly of less alcoholic percentage than in 
the former revision. To avoid needless repetition, we give a general formula cor- 
responding in general and in all essential particulars with the new Pharm. and state 
in each formula the menstruum required, it being only necessary to put the name 
of the drug and the menstruum in the general formula and proceed as directed. 
Any special manipulations or directions are also given in the formulas. 

EXTRACTS FLUID. General Formula. 

The drug in No. powder, jooo gm. (or 48 ounces av.) 

The menstruum, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces. 
The powdered drug is first to be moistened with sufficient men- 
struum to make it, when well mixed, uniformly damp throughout, 
This requires from 250 to 400 gm. (or from 12 to 20 fl. ounces). 
After standing a few hours in a covered vessel it is then to be 
packed, more ar less firmly, according to the nature of the drug, 
in a percolator (preferably a water-bath percolator), and men- 
struum poured upon it sufficient to saturate the drug and leave a 
stratum above it. When the liquid begins to drop from the lower 
orifice of the percolator, this outlet is to be closed, the percolator 
closely covered, and the contents allowed to macerate from 24 to 
48 hours. The percolation is then to begin and be continued 
gradually, adding more menstruum as required to maintain a 
stratum of liquid above the powder, until the drug is exhausted of 
its medicinal strength. The first 750 to 900 Cc.(or 35 to 42 fl. ounces) 
of the percolate is to g be reserved and the remainder of the percolate 
concentrated by distillation (if alcoholic) and evaporation by 
means of a water-bath, to 100 to 250 Cc. (or 4 to 10 fl. ounces) which 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 53 

is to be added to the reserved portion, and after standing for some 
days, is to be decanted or filtered from any sediment which- it may 
contain, adding through the filter enough of the same kind of men- 
struum that was used, to make the measure iooo Cc. (or 46 
fl. ounces. <U. S., and F C F. 

EXTRACTUM ACONITI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Aconite. 
Aconite, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds aw). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 3 measures and water 1 measure are mixed and the 
fluid extract made as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
116. F C F, p 459. 

In the former revision, alcohol alone was used as a menstruum and 1 per cent. 
of tartaric acid was directed. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 50 C C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM APOCYNI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Apocynum. new. 

Apocynum, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Glycerin, 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 1000 

Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 

The alcohol is to be mixed with 650 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces) of 

alcohol, and 250 Cc. (or 11% fl. ounces) of water, and the drug is 

first to be percolated with this mixture, and then with a menstruum 

mixed in the proportion of 6)4 measures of alcohol with 3^ 

measures of water until it is exhausted; and a fluid extract made 

as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 117. F C F, p 468 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 50°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM ARNICA RADICIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract 
of Arnica Root. 

Arnica root, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures is mixed with water 1 measure, and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
118. F C F, p 47 r. 

In the former revision diluted alcohol, (by weight) was used as the menstruum. 
The temperature at which the perco'ate is evaporated should not exceed 50°C. 

(I22°F.). 



54 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

EXTRACTUM AROMATICUM FLUIDUM. Aromatic Fluid 
Extract. 

Aromatic powder iooo gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Make a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 119. FCF,p 459. 

EXTRACTUM ASCLEPIADIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Asclepias. new. 

Asclepias, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 
fl. ounces), 
make a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 119. F C F, p 461, 487 

EXTRACTUM ASPIDOSPERMATIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Aspidosperma. new. 

Aspidosperma, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Glycerin, 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 600 Cc. (or 28 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol, and 300 Cc. (or 14 fl. ounces) of water, and the drug is 
first to be percolated with this mixture, and then with a menstruum 
mixed in the proportion of 2 measures of alcohol with 1 measure 
of water until it is exhausted, and a fluid extract made as directed 
in the general formula. <U. S., p 120. F C F, p 465. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM AURANTII AMARI FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Bitter Orange Peel. 

Bitter orange peel, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm.(or 3 pounds av) 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure are mixed as a men- 
struum and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 120. F C F, p 466. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 50 n C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM BELLADONNA RADICIS FLUIDUM. Fluid 
Extract of Belladonna Root. Extractum Belladonna Flui- 
dum, Pharm. 1880. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 55 

Belladonna root, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av) 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 

Cc. (or 40 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 4 measures with water 1 measure, are to be mixed and 

a fluid extract made as directed in the general formula. <U. S., 

p 121. F C F, p 459. 

This was made with alcohol, without dilution as a menstruum, in the former re- 
vision. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM BUCHU FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Buchu. 

Buchu, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 40 fl. 
ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. . <U- 
S., p 122. F C F, p 466. 

In the former revision, alcohol, 2 parts with water. I part was the menstruum 
directed. 

EXTRACTUM CALAMI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Calamus. 

Calamus, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. 
ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 122. F C F, p 459. 

EXTRACTUM CALUMBA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Calumba. 

Calumba, in No. 20 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 123. F C F, p 471. 

In the former revision, diluted alcohol, (by weight) was used as the menstruum, 
the present formula is an improvement. 

EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDICT FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Indian Cannabis. 

Indian cannabis, in No. 20 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av) 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 40 fl. 
ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 124. F C F, p 459. 



56 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

EXTRACTUM CAPSICI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Cap- 
sicum. 

Capsicum, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. 
ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 124. F C F, p 460. 

EXTRACTUM CASTANET FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Castanea. 

Castanea, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 

Glycerin, 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Upon the castanea contained in a suitable vessel, pour 5000 Cc. 
(or i^y 2 pints) of boiling water, allow it to macerate 2 hours, 
then express the liquid, transfer the residue to a percolator and 
percolate it with water until the medicinal strength is exhausted. 
Mix the percolate with the expressed liquid and evaporate on a 
water-bath to 2000 Cc. (or 5^ pints). When cool add to this 600 
Cc. (or 27^ fl. ounces) of alcohol, mix and allow the insoluble 
matter to subside. Pour off the clear liquid, filter the remainder 
and evaporate the united liquids to 700 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces). 
When cool add to this the glycerin and enough alcohol to make 
1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 125. F C F, 477. 
Glycerin is added in the present revision, but was not directed in the former. 

EXTRACTUM CHIMAPHILA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Chimaphila. 

Chimaphila, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 
fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 125. F C F, p 471. 

EXTRACTUM CHIRATA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Chi- 
rata. 

Chirata, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure are mixed as a men- 
struum and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 126. F C F, p 471. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 5.7 

In the former revision, diluted alcohol, (by weight) was directed as the men- 
struum. 

EXTRACTUM CIMICIFUGiE FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Cimicifuga. 

Cimicifuga, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 126. F C F, p 461, 460. 

EXTRACTUM CINCHONA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Cinchona. 

Cinchona, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Glycerin, 200 Cc. (or 9.2 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
gm. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 800 Cc. (or 37 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol, and the drug percolated as directed in the general form- 
ula, first with this mixture and then with alcohol in the proportion 
of 4 measures mixed with water 1 measure, until the cinchona is 
exhausted; 750 Cc. (or S4%. fl. ounces) of the percolate which first 
passes is reserved and the remainder evaporated to a soft extract 
which is to be added to the reserved portion and enough alcohol 
and water mixed in the proportion last directed, added to make 
1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 127. F C F, p 447. 

EXTRACTUM COCM FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Coca. 
Fluid Extract of Erythroxylon, Pharm. 1880. 

Coca, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 

S, pi28. FCF, p474- 

It will be noted that the official name of this preparation is changed in the pre- 
sent revision, as above. 

EXTRACTUM COLCHICI RADICIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Colchicum Root. 

Colchicum root, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 

Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 

menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 

formula. <U, S., p 129. F C F, p 466. 



58 fenner's hand-book of 

EXTRACTUM COLCHICI SEMINIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Colchicum Seed. 

Colchicum seed, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 2 measures is mixed with water 1 measure, and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
129. F C F, p 466. 
EXTRACTUM CONII FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Conium. 
Conium, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Acetic acid 20 Cc. (or 1 ounce av). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Mix the acetic acid with enough diluted alcohol to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces), and use first as a menstruum, percolating the 
drug with the mixture and then with diluted alcohol until ex- 
hausted and make a fluid extract as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 131. F C F, p 471. 

It will be noted that acetic acid is used in the present revision, instead of hydro- 
chloric acid, as was formerly directed. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM CONVALLARIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract 
of Convallaria. new. 

Convallaria, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 132. F C F, p 461. 

EXTRACTUM CUBEBA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Cubeb. 

Cubeb, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. 
ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 132. F C F, p 460. 

EXTRACTUM CUSSO FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Kousso. 

Extractum Brayer^e Fluidum, Pharm. 1880. 

Kousso, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. 
ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 59 

Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
3., p 133. F C F, p 459. 

The change in the official Latin name will be noted. 

EXTRACTUM CYPRIPEDII FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Cypripedium. 

Cypripedium, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 
fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S-, P i33- F C F, p 460. 

In the former revision alcohol was directed as a menstruum for preparing this 
fluid extiact. 

EXTRACTUM DIGITALIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Digitalis. 

Digitalis, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure are mixed and used as 
a menstruum. In concentrating the fluid extract by evaporation 
it is directed in the present Pharm. that the percolate should be 
evaporated at a heat not exceeding 50 C. (122 F.). <U. S., p 
134. F C F, p 467. 

EXTRACTUM DULCAMARA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Dulcamara. 

Dulcamara, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S-., P i35- F C F, p 471. 
EXTRACTUM ERGOTiE FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Ergot. 
Ergot, recently ground, and in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 

3 pounds av). 
Acetic acid, 20 Cc. (or 1 ounce av). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Mix the acetic acid with enough diluted alcohol to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces) and percolate the drug first with this men- 
struum and then with diluted alcohol as directed and make a fluid 
extract as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 135. FC 
F > P 477- 



6o fenner's hand-book of 

It will be noted that acetic acid is directed in the present Pharmacopoeia instead 
of hydrochloric acid as was directed in the former revision. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM ERIODICTYI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Eriodictyon. new. 

Eriodictyon, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 4 measures with water 1 measure are mixed and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. The tem- 
perature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 
5 o°C. (i22°F.). <U. S., p 136. F C F, p 461, 487. 

EXTRACTUM EUCALYPTI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Eucalyptus. 

Eucalyptus, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure, are mixed and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
136. F C F, p 460. 

EXTRACTUM EUPATORII FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Eupatorium. 

. Eupatorium, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
^Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 137. F C F, p 471. 

EXTRACTUM FRANGULA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Frangula. 

Frangula, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 5 measures, with water 8 measures, are mixed as a men- 
struum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 138. F C F, p 477. 

EXTRACTUM GELSEMII FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Gel- 
semium. 

Gelsemium, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. 
ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 6 1 

Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. U. 
S., p 138. F C F, p 460. 

EXTRACTUM GENTIANS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Gentian. 

Gentain, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 139. F C F, p 471. 

EXTRACTUM GERANII FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Ger- 
anium. 

Geranium, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Glycerin, 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 900 Cc. (or 42 fl. ounces) of 
diluted alcohol and used first as the menstruum, the percolation 
is then to be continued with diluted alcohol until the drug is ex- 
hausted, and a fluid extract made as directed in the general for- 
mula. <U. S., p 140. F C F, p 471. 

EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Glycyrrhiza. 

Glycyrrhiza, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Ammonia water, 50 Cc. (or 2.3 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
gm. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The ammonia water is to be mixed with 300 Cc. (or 14 ft. ounces) 
of alcohol, and 600 Cc. (or 28 fl. ounces) of water. This is first 
used as a menstruum, and afterward alcohol and water mixed in 
the proportion of t measure of the former to 2 measures of the 
latter until the drug is exhausted. The first 750 Cc. (or 34^ fl. 
ounces) of the percolate are reserved and the remainder evaporat- 
ed by water-bath to a soft extract and added, and enough alcohol 
and water mixed in the same proportion as last directed added to 
make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 141. F 
C F, p 471, 

EXTRACTUM GOSSYPII RADICIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Cotton Root Bark. 

Cotton root bark, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 

Glycerin, 250 Cc. (or 11^ fl. ounces). 

Alcohoi, a sufficient quantit) iu make xo^o Cc.(or 46 fl.ouncesj. 



62 fenner's hand-book of 



The glycerin is to be mixed with 750 Cc. (or 34*4 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and this used first as a menstruum, following it with 
alcohol until the drug is exhausted. The first 700 Cc. (or 32 fl. 
ounces) of the percolate are reserved, the remainder evaporated 
to a soft extract and added to the reserved portion, and then 
enough alcohol to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
<U. S., p 142. F C F, p 460, 487. 

EXTRACTUM GRINDELIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Grindelia. 

Grindelia, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. 
ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 142. F C F, p 464, 

The menstruum directed in the former revision is alcohol 3 parts, water 1 part, 
by weight. 

EXTRACTUM GUARANA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Guarana. 

Guarana, in No. 80 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure^ are mix£d and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
142. F C F, p 464. 

EXTRACTUM HAMAMELIDIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Hamamelis. 

Hamamelis, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Glycerin 100 Cc. (4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 40 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 500 Cc. (or 23 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and 800 Cc. (or 37 fl. ounces) of water and the drug is first 
to be percolated with this menstruum and then with alcohol and 
water mixed in the proportion of 2 measures of the former with 8 
measures of the latter, and a fluid extract made as directed in the 
general formula. <U. S., p 143. F C F, p 478. 

EXTRACTUM HYDRASTIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Hydrastis. 

Hydrastis, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Glycerin 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 6$ 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make iooo 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 

The glycerin is to be mixed with 600 Cc. (or 28 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and 300 Cc. (or 14 fl. ounces) of water, and the drug is first 
to be percolated with this mixture, and then with a menstruum 
mixed in the proportion of 2 measures of alcohol with 1 measure 
of water until it is exhausted and a fluid extract made as directed 
in the general formula. <U. S., p 144. F C F, p 464. 

The menstruum directed in the former revision was alcohol 3 parts, water I part, 
by weight, the present revision retains less of the resinous matter. 

EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Hyoscyamus. 

Hyoscyamus, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 145. F C F, p 467. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM IPECACUANHA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Ipecac. 

Ipecac, in No. 80 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures and water 1 measure are mixed and the 
fluid extract made as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
145. F C F, p 478. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 50°C. 

(I22°F.). 

It will be noted that the present formula is entirely different from the former offi- 
cial, and contains the resinous matter which was removed by the former method. 
This is, however, provided for, in the present official formulas in which it is used, 
by filtering out the resinous matter. 

EXTRACTUM IRIDIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Iris. 

Iris, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces) 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 146. F C F, p 464. 

In the former revision a menstruum of 3 parts alcohol, with 1 part of water, was 
directed. 



64 fenner's hand-book of 

EXTRACTUM KRAMERIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Krameria. 

Krameria, in No. 30 powder, iooo gm. (or 3 poundsav.). 

Glycerin 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 1000 Cc. (or 42 fl. ounces) of 
diluted alcohol the drug is first to be percolated, with this and 
then with diluted alcohol until exhausted. The first 700 Cc. (or 
32 fl. ounces) of the percolate is to be reserved and the remainder 
evaporated to a soft extract and added to the reserved portion, 
with enough diluted alcohol to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 148. FCF,p 472. 

EXTRACTUM LAPP^S FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Lappa. 

new. 

Lappa, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 
fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 149. F C F, p 475. 

EXTRACTUM LEPTANDRA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Leptandra. 

Leptandra, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure, are mixed and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
149. FCF, P472. 
The former Pharm. directed a menstruum of diluted alcohol and glycerin. 

EXTRACTUM LOBELIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Lobelia. 

Lobelia, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 150. F C F, p 472. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM LUPULINI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Lupulin. 

Lupulin, 1000 Cc. (or 3 pounds, av.). 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantitv to make rooo Cc.(or 46 fl, ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 65 

Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. U. 
S., p 150. F C F, p 460. 
EXTRACTUM MATICO FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Matico. 

Matico, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
gm. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 151. F C F, p 467. 

The former revision directed 10 per cent, of glycerin in the menstruum. 

EXTRACTUM MENISPERMI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Menispermum. new. 

Menispermum, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 

Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 2 measures with water 1 measure, are to be mixed and 

a fluid extract made as directed in the general formula. <U. S., 

p 151. F C F, p 465. 

EXTRACTUM MEZEREI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Mez- 
ereum. 

Mezereum, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 152. F C F, p 460. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 50°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMICAE FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract 
of Nux Vomica. 

Nux Vomica, in No. 50 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 

Acetic acid 50 Cc. (or 2.3 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity. 
Alcohol 3 measures, with water 1 measure, are mixed, and to 
1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces) of the mixture the acetic acid is added. 
This is first used to moisten the drug, and the percolation continu- 
ed with a mixture *of alcohol and water as above, until the drug 
is exhausted. The alcohol is then to be recovered by distillation 
and the remainder evaporated by water-bath, in a tared (weighed) 
capsule, to about 200 gm. or 9.6 ounces, av., and allowed to cool. 
The exact weight is then determined, and 4 gm. of the mass as- 
sayed as directed for extract of nux vomica, and from the result 
l he total amount of alkaloids in the whole mass is to be calculat- 



66 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



■ed. Alcohol 300 Cc. (or 13.8 fl. ounces) is then added to the re- 
mainder of the mass, and enough alcohol and water mixed in the 
proportion of three of the former to one of the latter, to make a 
fluid extract which shall contain in each 100 Cc. 1.5 *gm. of total 
alkaloids. <U. S., p 154. F C F, p 464. 

It will be noted that this fluid extract is made on an assay basis of 1 . 5 per cent, 
of total alkaloids, being one-tenth the strength of the solid extract. It may, there- 
fore, be prepared by dissolving 1 part of the solid extract (U. S.,1890), in 9 parts of 
a menstruum of 4 measures of alcohol, with 1 measure of water. 

EXTRACTUM PAREIRA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Par- 
eira. 

Pareira, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Glycerin 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 720 Cc.or ^t> fl. ounces of alcohol 
and 180 Cc. or (8 fl. ounces of water), and this is to be used for 
moistening the drug and as the first menstruum for the percola- 
tion, to be followed with a menstruum made in the proportion of 
4 measures of alcohol to 1 measure of water, until the drug is ex- 
hausted. The fluid extract is then prepared as directed in the 
general formula. <U. S., p 157. F C F, p 472. 

EXTRACTUM PHYTOLACCA RADICIS FLUIDUM. Fluid 
Extract of Phytolacca Root. new. 

Phytolacca root, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 

Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 2 measures and water 1 measure are mixed and the 

fluid extract made as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 

157. F C F, p 469. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 50 C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM PILOCARPI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Pilocarpus. 

Pilocarpus, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 158. F C F, p 472. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 
(i22 e F.). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 67 

EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Podophyllum. 

Podophyllum, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 4 measures, with water 1 measure, are mixed as a men- 
struum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. < U. S., p 159. F C F, p 464. 

EXTRACTUM PRUNI VIRGINIANS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Wild Cherry. 

Wild Cherry, in No. 20 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Glycerin, 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 200 Cc. (or 9,2 fl. ounces) of 
water and the drug is to be moistened with the mixture, packed 
firmly in a percolator, closely covered, and allowed to macerate 
for 48 hours. It is then to be percolated with a menstruum com- 
posed of 85 measures of alcohol mixed with 15 measures of water, 
until exhausted. The first 800 Cc. (or 37 fl. ounces) of the perco- 
late are to be reserved and the remainder evaporated at a temper- 
ature not exceeding 50 C. (122 F.) to a soft extract, which is to 
be dissolved in the reserved portion, and menstruum as last direct- 
ed, added, to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). <U. 
S., p 159. F C F, p 478. 

The former revision directed diluted alcohol for the percolation, instead of the 
stronger alcoholic liquid of the present Pharm. 

EXTRACTUM QUASSIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Quas- 
sia. 

Quassia, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 1 measure with water 2 measures, are mixed and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
150. F C F, p 479. 

The menstruum directed in the former revision, for making this extract, was di- 
luted alcohol. 

EXTRACTUM RHAMNI PRUSHIANA FLUIDUM. Fluid 
Extract of Rhamnus Prushiana. new. 

Rhamnus Prushiana, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm.(or 3 pounds av) 



68 fenner's hand-book of 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make iooo Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 161. FCF,p 473, 476, 490. 

The so called tasteless extracts of cascara sagrada, are prepared by exhausting 
the drug with a menstruum of hot water, in which some alkaline salt has bt en added, 
as carbonate or bicarbonate of sodium or potassium, or ammonia water; after con- 
densing by evaporation, 30 percent, of alcohol is added as a preservative. 

EXTRACTUM RHEI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
gm. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 4 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 162. F C F, p 467. 

In the former revision, alcohol 2 parts, to water 1 part, by weight, was the men- 
struum directed. 

EXTRACTUM RHOIS GLABRA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract 
of Rhus Glabra. 

Rhus Glabra, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Glycerin 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to, make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 900 Cc. (or 42 fl. ounces) of 
diluted alcohol and first used as a menstruum, the percolation is 
then to be continued with diluted alcohol until the drug is ex- 
hausted, and a fluid extract made as directed in the general form- 
ula. <U. S., p 163. F C F, p 472. 
EXTRACTUM ROSM FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Rose. 
Red Rose, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Glycerin, 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl.ounces). 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl.ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 900 Cc. (or 42 fl.ounces) of di- 
luted alcohol and first used as a menstruum, the percolation is 
then to be continued with diluted alcohol until the drug is ex- 
hausted, and a fluid extract made as directed in the general form- 
ula. <U. S., p 163. F C F, p 472. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 
(122F.). 

EXTRACTUM RUBI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Rubus. 

Rubus, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 69 

Glycerin, ioo Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 600 Cc. (or 28 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and 300 Cc. (or 14 fl. ounces) of water, and the drug per- 
colated first with the mixture and then with alcohol 2 measures 
mixed with water 1 measure until it is exhausted. The fluid ex- 
tract is then to be completed as directed in the general formula. 
<U. S., p 163. FCF, P472. 

EXTRACTUM RUMICIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Rumex. 

Rumex, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 164. F C F, p 472. 
EXTRACTUM SABINE FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Savine. 
Savine, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces) 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. U. 
S., p 164. F C F, p 460. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTUM SANGUINARIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Sanguinaria. 

Sanguinaria, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Acetic acid, 50 Cc. (or 2.3 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed and 
the acetic acid added to 300 Cc. (or 14 fl. ounces) of the mixture, 
which is used to moisten the drug. A fluid extract is then to be 
prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 165. F 
C F, p 460. 

In the former revision, alcohol was the menstruum directed to be used. 

EXTRACTUM SARSAPARILLA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract 
of Sarsaparilla. 

Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 



70 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

Alcohol i measure, with water 2 measures, are mixed as a men- 
struum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 165. F C F, p 478. 

The former revision directed 10 per cent, of glycerin in the menstruum. 

EXTRACTUM SARSAPARILLA FLUIDUM COMPOSITUM. 
Compound Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. 

Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, 750 gm. (or 36 ounces av). 
Glycyrrhiza, in No. 30 powder, 120 gm. (or 5^ ounces av). 
Sassafras, in No. 30 powder, 100 gm. (or 4.8 ounces av). 
Mezereum, in No. 30 powder, 30 gm. (or 1 ounce av. -f- 192 

grains). 
Glycerin 100 Cc. (or 4.6 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 300 Cc. (or 14 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and 600 Cc. (or 28 fl. ounces) of water, this is first used as a 
menstruum, following it with alcohol 1 measure mixed with water 
2 measures as a menstruum, and a fluid extract is made as directed 
in the general formula. <U. S., p 166. F C F, p 484. 
EXTRACTUM SCILLA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Squill. 
Squill, in No. 20 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures and water 2 measures are mixed and the 
fluid extract made as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
167. F C F, p 460. 

The former revision directed alcohol as the menstruum for preparing this fluid 
extract. 

EXTRACTUM SCOPARII FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Sco- 
parius. new. 

Scoparius, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 
fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S, p 167. 

EXTRACTUM SCUTELLARIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Scutellaria. 

Scutellaria, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 



THE U.S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 7 I 

In the former revision, alcohol I part, to water 2 parts, by weight, was the men- 
struum directed. 

EXTRACTUM SENEGA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Senega. 

Senega, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Ammonia water 50 Cc. (or 2.3 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The ammonia water is to be mixed with 750 Cc. (or 34^2 fl. 
ounces) of alcohol and 200 Cc. (or 9.2 fl. ounces) of water. This is 
first used as a menstruum, and afterwards alcohol and water mix- 
ed in the proportion of 3 measures of the former to 1 measure of 
the latter, until the drug is exhausted. The first 850 Cc. (or 39 
fl. ounces) of the percolation are reserved, and the remainder eva- 
porated to a soft extract which is to be dissolved in the reserved 
portion and enough menstruum, as last directed, added to make 
the measure 1000 Cc. or 46 fl. ounces. U. S., p 168. F C F, p 467. 
EXTRACTUM SENNA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Senna. 
Senna, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 169. F C F, p 464. 

EXTRACTUM SERPENTARIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Serpentaria. 

Serpentaria, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 4 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 169. F C F, p 464. 

EXTRACTUM SPIGELIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Spi- 
gelia. 

Spigelia, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 170. F C F, p 47 

EXTRACTUM STILLINGIA FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Stillingia. 

Stillingia, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 



72 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make iooo Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 170. FCF,p 472. 

EXTRACTUM STRAMONII SEMINIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Stramonium Seed. Extractum Stramonii Fluidum, 
Pharm. 1880. 

Stramonium Seed, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds 

av.). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures, with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 171. F C F, p 467. 

The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

The former revision directed a menstruum of alcohol 2 parts, with water I part, 
by weight, for preparing this fluid extract. 

EXTRACTUM TARAXACI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Taraxacum. 

Taraxacum, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 173. F C F, p47 9 . 

The former revision directed a menstruum of 2 parts, by weight, of alcohol with 
1 part of water, for preparing this fluid extract. 

EXTRACTUM TRITICI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Triti- 
cum. 

Triticum, finely cut, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av.). 
Alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
First percolate the triticum with boiling water until it is ex- 
hausted, then evaporate the percolate t0 75oCc. (or 34^ fl. ounces) 
and add to the liquid 250 Cc. or 11^ fl. ounces of alcohol, set 
aside for 48 hours, then filter and add to the filtrate enough of a 
mixture of alcohol 1 measure, with water 3 measures, to make 
1000 Cc. or 46 fl. ounces. <U. S.. p 173. 

EXTRACTUM UV^ URSI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of Uva 
Ursi. 

Uva Ursi, in No. 30 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 73 

Glycerin, 300 Cc. (or 13.8 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
The glycerin is to be mixed with 200 Cc. (or 9.2 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and 500 Cc. (or 23 fl. ounces) of water. This menstruum 
is first to be used to moisten and percolate the drug, and followed 
with a menstruum of alcohol 2 measures, mixed with water 5 
measures, until the drug is exhausted. The fluid extract is then 
to be completed as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 

174. FCF, p 47 2. 

In the former revision, 10 per cent, by weight, of glycerin was directed with di- 
luted alcohol as the menstruum. 

EXTRACTUM VALERIANAE FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Valerian. 

Valerian, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces). 
Alcohol 3 measures, with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and a fluid extract prepared as directed in the general 
formula. <U. S., p 174. FCF, p 467. 

The former revision directed alcohol 2 parts by weight, with water 1 part, as the 
menstruum for preparing this fluid extract. 

EXTRACTUM VERATRI VIRIDIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Veratrum Viride. 

Veratrum Viride, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 46 fl. ounces) 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 175. F C F, p 460, 487. 

EXTRACTUM VIBURNI OPULI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Viburnum Opulus. new. 

Viburnum Opulus, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av) 

Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 

gm. (or 46 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 3 measures and water 1 measure are mixed and the 

fluid extract made as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 

175. F C F, p 469. 

EXTRACTUM VIBURNI PRUNIFOLII FLUIDUM. Fluid 
Extract of Viburnum Prunifolium. 

Viburnum Prunifolium, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 

pounds av). 
Alcohol and water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 46 fl.ounces). 



74 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



Alcohol 3 measures with water i measure, are mixed and a fluid 
extract prepared as directed in the general formula. <U. S., p 
176. F C F, p 467. 

In the former revision this had the title Fluid Extract of Viburnum, but the in- 
troduction of another formula requires the variety to be designated. The men- 
struum in the former revision, was alcohol 2 parts by weight, mixed with water 1 
part, 

EXTRACTUM XANTHOXYLI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Xanthoxylum. 

Xanthoxylum, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc.(or 46 fl. ounces) 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. <U. 
S., p 176. F C F, p 460. 

EXTRACTUM ZINGIBERIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract of 
Ginger. 

Ginger, in No. 40 powder, 1000 gm. (or 3 pounds av). 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc.(or 46 fl. ounces). 
Prepare a fluid extract as directed in the general formula. 
<U. S., P 177. FCF, p 4 6o. 
The temperature at which the percolate is evaporated should not exceed 5o°C. 

(I22°F.). 

EXTRACTS AND FLUID EXTRACTS. The foregoing formulas for extracts 
and fluid extracts represent those official in the present Pharmacopoeia. They are 
but a small part, although the most important, of those furnished by manufacturing 
pharmacists. In Fenner's Complete Formulary, will be found a complete list 
of the preparations made by manufacturers, and in demand more or less by the 
trade; the various processes for preparing them, and formulas are also given. It 
may be noted here, that the method of preparing fluid extracts by water-bath per- 
colation, is the most effective and economical of any that has been introduced. By 
percolating with a warm menstruum, much less of the menstruum is required to 
exhaust the drug, and the subsequent distillation or evaporation requires much less 
outlay of time, and expense of material. For details of this process <F C F, 
p 442, 458. 

FEL BOVIS PURIFICATUM. Purified Oxgall. Fresh oxgall, 
300 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), alcohol, too Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces). The 
oxgall is to be evaporated in a tared (weighed) porcelain capsule, 
on a water-bath, to about 100 gm. (or 3^ fl. ounces), the alcohol 
is then to be added and mixed and the mixture set aside in a 
covered vessel for 3 or 4 days. The clear portion is then to be 
decanted, the remainder filtered and mixed with the clear portion, 
the alcohol distilled and the residue evaporated to pilular con- 
sistence. <U. S., p 178. F C F, p 497. 

Fel Bovis Inspissatum of the former Pharm. is dismissed. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 75 

FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATUS. Saccharated Carbonate 
of Iron. Ferrous sulphate, 50 gm. (or 5 ounces); sodium bicar- 
bonate, 35 gm. (or 3^4 ounces); sugar in fine powder; distilled 
water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 100 gm. (or 10 ounces). 
The iron and sodium salts are dissolved separately in distilled 
water at a temperature not exceeding 50 C. (122 F.), and the 
solutions filtered. The sodium solution is then placed in a flask 
having the capacity of 1000 Cc. (or 100 ounces), and the iron 
solution gradually added and mixed, and the precipitate washed 
by repeatedly filling the bottle with hot distilled water, and pour- 
ing off the clear fluid after the precipitate has subsided. The 
precipitate is finally drained on a muslin strainer and transferred 
to a porcelain capsule containing 80 gm. (or 4 ounces) of sugar, 
and the whole evaporated to dryness by means of a water-bath, 
and reduced to a powder, adding, if necessary, enough sugar to 
make the weight 100 gm. (or 10 ounces). <U. S., p 178. F C 
F, p 500. 

FERRI CHLORIDUM. Ferric Chloride. Fe 2 Cl 6 +i 2 H 2 0. Iron, 
in the form of fine, bright wire, and cut in small pieces, 15 gm. (or 
iY? ounce), hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and distilled water, 
each, a sufficient quantity. The iron wire is placed in a flask of 
about 200 Cc. (or 20 ounces) capacity, and 54 gm. (or 5.4 ounces) 
of hydrochloric acid, diluted with 25 Cc. (or 2% ounces) of dis- 
tilled water poured upon it. The mixture is set in a moderately 
warm place until effervescence ceases, and is then heated to boil- 
ing and filtered through paper, rinsing the flask and iron wire 
with a little hot distilled water and passing the rinsings through 
the filter. To the filtered liquid 28 gm. (or 2.8 ounces) of hydro- 
chloric acid are added and then slowly and gradually this mixture 
is added in a stream to 8 gm. (or 0.8 ounce) of nitric acid con- 
tained in a capacious porcelain vessel, and the contents slightly 
warmed. After effervescence has ceased, apply heat by sand-bath 
until the liquid is free from nitrous odor. Then test with potas- 
sium ferricyanide test solution and if any blue color is produced 
add a little nitric acid drop by drop as long as it effervesces, and 
evaporate off the excess. Then add 5 gm. (or y 2 ounce) of hydro- 
chloric acid and enough distilled water to make the whole weigh 
60 gm. (or 6 ounces), and set aside, covered with glass, until it 
forms a crystalline mass. <U. S., p 179. F C F, p 501. 

This salt is freely soluble in water and alcohol. It melts at 35.5°C. (g6°F.). It 
is deliquescent in moist air, and must therefore be kept closely stopped. It is used 
as a styptic, in solution, for gargles and washes, etc. 



76 fenner's hand-book of 

FERRI CITRAS. Ferric Citrate. Citrate of Iron, Pharm. 
1880. Solution of citrate of iron, a convenient quantity. The 
solution is to be evaporated on a water-bath at a temperature not 
exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), to the consistence of syrup and spread 
upon plates of glass so that, when dry, it may be obtained in 
scales. <U. S., p 180. F C F, p 501. 

The former revision gave to this preparation the formula, Fe2(C 6 H50 7 )2-{-6H.20, 
but in the present Pharm. no chemical formula is given. It is slowly soluble in 
cold water, readily soluble in hot water, but insoluble in alcohol. 

FERRI ET AMMONII CITRAS. Iron and Ammonium Citrate. 

Solution of ferric citrate, 100 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), ammonia water 
40 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces). The solution of ferric citrate is to be 
mixed with the ammonia water and the mixture evaporated by 
means of a water-bath at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. 
(140 F.), to the consistence of syrup and spread upon plates of 
glass so that, when dry, it may be obtained in scales. <U. S., p 
181. F C F, p 502. 

The former revision directed 3 parts by weight, of the solution of citrate of Iron 
to be mixed with water of ammonia 1 part. This is known as the"Soluble Citrate of 
Iron," and is freely soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. It is much used in 
elixirs, etc. 

FERRI ET AMMONII SULPHAS. Ferric Ammonium Sul- 
phate. Ammonio-Ferric Sulphate; Ammonio-Ferric Alum. 
Fe J (NH,),(S0 4 ) 4 +2 4 H ! 0. 

This salt is soluble in 3 parts of water at N T, and in 0.8 part of boiling water. 
It is insoluble in alcohol. 

FERRI ET AMMONII TARTRAS. Iron and Ammonium Tar- 
trate. Ammonio-Ferric Tartrate. Solution of ferric sulphate 
100 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), tartaric acid 29 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), 
distilled water 200 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces), ammonia water, and water 
of each, a sufficient quantity. Ammonia water no Cc. (or 11 fl 
ounces) is to be diluted with 250 Cc. (or 25 fl. ounces) of cold 
water and to the mixture is to be added slowly and with constant 
stirring the solution of ferric sulphate previously diluted with 
1300 Cc. (or 130 fl. ounces) of cold water. The precipitate is 
allowed to subside and the clear liquid drawn off with a siphon, 
and the precipitate washed repeatedly by pouring on fresh water 
and drawing off the clear liquid after the precipitate has subsided. 
The precipitate is then to be transferred to a muslin strainer, 
drained and expressed as dry as possible. One-half of the tartaric 
acid is then to be dissolved in the distilled water, the solution ex- 
actly neutralized with ammonia, the remaining half of the tartaric 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 77 



acid added and dissolved by the aid of gentle heat. The 
moist ferric sulphate is then to be added in portions stirring con- 
stantly and continuing the heat, which should not exceed 6o° C. 
(140° F.), until the hydrate is dissolved. The solution is to be 
filtered while hot, and the filtrate evaporated to the consistence 
of syrup and spread upon plates of glass so that, when dry, the 
salt may be obtained in scales. <U. S., p 183. F C F, p 503. 
This salt is very soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. 

FERRI ET POTASSII TARTRAS. Iron and Potassium Tar- 
trate. Solution of ferric sulphate 100 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), potas- 
sium bitartrate 38 gm. (or 4 ounces av), distilled water 300 Cc. (or 
30 fl. ounces), ammonia water, and water, of each, a sufficient 
quantity. The ferric hydrate precipitate is formed and washed 
in the same general manner as in the preceding formula. The 
potassium bitartrate is dissolved in the distilled water by the aid 
of heat, and the moist ferric hydrate dissolved in the solution as 
in the preceding formula. The solution is filtered and the filtrate 
allowed to stand in a cool place for 24 hours, during which a pre- 
cipitat- forms. It is then stirred and enough ammonia water 
carefully added to just dissolve the precipitate. It is then evapo- 
rated and a scale salt prepared as directed in the foregoing form- 
ula. <U. S., p 184. F C F, p 504. 

This salt is very soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. 

FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS. Iron and Quinine Citrate. 

Ferric citrate 85 gm. (or Sj4 ounces), quinine dried at ioo° C. 
(212 F.), to a constant weight, 12 gm. (or 1.2 ounces), citric acid 
3 gm. (or 0.3 ounce), distilled water a sufficient quantity to make 
100 gm. (or 10 ounces). The citrate of iron is to be dissolved on 
a water-bath at a heat not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), in 160 Cc. 
(or 16 ounces) of distilled water. To this solution the quinine and 
the citric acid previously triturated with 20 Cc. (or 2 ounces) of 
water, are to be added and stirred until they are dissolved. The 
solution is then to be evaporated at the above mentioned tempera- 
ture to the consistence of syrup and spread upon glass plates to 
dry, so that a scale salt may be produced. <U. S., p 185. F C 

F, p 5°2. 

This salt is slowly soluble in cold water, but more readily in hot water; slightly 
soluble in alcohol. 

FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS SOLUBILIS. Soluble Iron 
and Quinine Citrate, new. The ingredients directed in this 
formula are the same as in the preceding except that ammonia 



78 fenner's hand-book of 

water, a sufficient quantity, is added and the manipulation the 
same until the quinine and citric acid are dissolved. Then there 
is added, gradually, and with constant stirring 50 Cc. (or 5 ounces) 
of ammonia water or a sufficient quantity so that after adding 
each portion of the latter the precipitated quinine will be redis- 
solved, and the liquid acquire a greenish-yellow tint. This solu- 
tion is then evaporated to the consistence of syrup and spread on 
plates of glass so as to make a scale salt when dry. 

This salt is a new addition to the official list, and must be appreciated by drug- 
gists. It is readily soluble in cold water, but only partly soluble in alcohol. It 
contains about 10 per cent, of dry quinine. 

FERRI ET STRYCHNINE CITRATE. Iron and Strychnine 
Citrate. Iron and ammonium citrate 98 gm. (or 490 grains) 
strychnine 1 gm. (or 5 grains), citric acid 1 gm. (or 5 grains), dis- 
tilled water 120 Cc. (or 11 fl. drachms). The iron and ammonium 
citrate is to be dissolved in the water and the strychnine and 
citric acid rubbed together with 20 Cc. (or 2 drachms) of distilled 
water. The two solutions are to be mixed and the mixture evap- 
orated at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.) to the 
consistence of a syrup and spread upon glass plates to make a 
scale salt when dry. <U. S., p 187. F C F, p 502. 

This salt is readily soluble in water, but only partly spluble in alcohol. 

FERRI HYPOPHOSPHIS. Ferric Hypophosphite. Fe 2 (PH 2 2 ) c 

Slightly soluble in water, but requires the presence of hypophosphorous acid to 
assist solution. Also soluble in solutions of alkali citrates. <U. S., p 189. F C 
F, p 505. 

FERRI IODIDUM SACCHARATUM. Saccharated Ferrous 
Iodide. Iron, in the form of bright wire, and cut into small pieces, 
6 gm. (or 60 grains), reduced iron 1 gm. (or 10 grains), iodine 17 
gm. (or 170 grains), distilled water, sugar of milk, recently dried, 
each, a sufficient quantity to make 100 gm. (or 1000 grains = 2 
ounces av. -j- 125 grains). The iron and iodine with 20 Cc. (or 
TfYz fl. drachms) of distilled water are put in a thin glass flask and 
shaken occasionally until the reaction ceases and the solution has 
acquired a green color and lost the smell of iodine. It is then 
filtered through a small wetted filter into a porcelain capsule con- 
taining 40 gm. (or 400 grains) of sugar of milk. The flask and 
the iron wire are rinsed with a little distilled water and the rin- 
sings passed through the filter into the capsule. The whole is 
then heated on a water-bath with frequent stirring until a dry 
mass remains. This is to be immediately powdered in a heated 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 79 

iron mortar and mixed intimately by trituration with the reduced 
iron and enough sugar of milk to make the final product weigh 
100 gm. (or 1000 grains). <U. S., p 189. F C F, p 505. 

This differs from the former official by the addition of reduced iron. It is solu- 
ble in 7 parts of water, but does not form an entirely clear solution. It is only 
partially soluble in alcohol. 

FERRI LACTAS. Ferrous Lactate. Lactate of Iron. 
Fe(C i H i 1 ),+ 3 H 1 0. 

Soluble slowly, but completety, in 40 parts of water at N T, and in 12 parts of 
boiling water; nearly insoluble in alcohol; freely soluble in a solution of alkali cit- 
rates. <U. S., p J 90. F C F, p 506. 

FERRI OXALAS. Ferrous oxalate, which was official in the last Pharm. has 
been dismissed. <F C F, p 507. 

FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM. Ferric Hydrate. Hydrated 
Oxide of Iron. Fe 2 (OH) 6 . Solution of ferric sulphate 100 Cc. 
(or 10 fl. ounces), ammonia water, no Cc. (or n fl. ounces), water 
a sufficient quantity. The ammonia water is to be diluted with 
250 Cc. (or 25 fl. ounces) of cold water, and the solution of ferric 
sulphate previously diluted with 1000 Cc. (or 100 fl. ounces) of cold 
water, is to be added gradually to it with constant stirring. The 
precipitate which subsides is to be washed repeatedly with cold 
water, by pouring off the clear liquid and adding fresh water to 
the precipitate, and finally poured upon a muslin strainer, drained 
and pressed, and mixed with sufficient water to make the whole 
weigh 250 gm. (or 25 ounces). <U. S., p 191. F C F, p 507. 

"When ferric hydrate is to be made in haste, for use as an antidote, the washing 
may be performed more quickly, though less perfectly, by transferrirg the 
the precipitate at once to a wet muslin strainer, pressing forcibly with the hands, 
until no more liquid passes, and then adding enough water to make the who e weigh 
250 gm.(or 25 ounces)." "Note: The ingredients for preparing ferric hydrate as an 
antidote (for arsenic poisoning), should always be kept on hand in bottles contain- 
ing, respectively, 200 Cc. (or 6^ fl. ounces) of the solution of ferric sulphate, and 
220 Cc (or 7^ fl. ounces) of ammonia water." 

FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM CUM MAGNESIA. Ferric 
Hydrate with Magnesia. Arsenic Antidote. Solution of ferric 
sulphate 50 Cc. (or 1.7 fl. ounces), magnesia to gm. (or 154 grains), 
water a sufficient quantity. The solution of ferric sulphate is to 
be diluted with 100 Cc. (or 3^3 fl. ounces) of water, and kept on 
hand in a large, well stoppered bottle. The magnesia is to be 
rubbed with cold water to a smooth and thin mixture and trans- 
ferred to a bottle of about 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces) capacity^ 
which is then to be about three-fourths filled with water. These 
two preparations are to be labelled and kept on hand and when 



So j> fenner's hand-book of 

Wanted for use the magnesia mixture is to be vigorously shaken 
and added gradually to the iron solution and the whole shaken 
together until a uniform mixture results. In poisoning by arsenic 
this is to be freely given, the whole quantity being used if neces- 
sary. <U.S,pi 9 i. F C F, p 508. 

FERRI PHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS. Soluble Ferric Phosphate. 
Ferric citrate 50 gm. (or 5 ounces), sodium phosphate uneffloresced 
55 g m - ( or 5/^ ounces), distilled water 100 Cc. (or 10 ounces). 
The ferric citrate is to be dissolved in the distilled water by heat- 
ing on a water-bath; the sodium phosphate is to be added to the 
solution and stirred constantly until it is dissolved. The solution 
is then to be evaporated on a water-bath at a temperature not ex- 
ceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), to the consistence of thick syrup, and 
spread upon glass plates so that when dry the salt may be obtain- 
ed in scales. <U. S., p 192. F C F, 508. 

The change of the name in this preparation will be noted. It was introduced in the 
6th revision under the title Ferri Phosphas, — Phosphate of Iron. The change was 
probably made in this revision to distinguish it from the former official slate-blue 
powder known as Phosphate of Iron (Ferrous Phosphate). The proportion of so- 
dium Phosphate is slightly decreased in the present Pharm. 

This salt is freely soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. It is not, like pyro- 
phosphate of iron, deposited or gelatinized in the presence of quite dilute acids. 

FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS. Soluble Ferric Pyro- 
phosphate. Ferric citrate 50 gm. (or 5 ounces), sodium pyro- 
phosphate uneffloresced 50 gm. (or 5 ounces), distilled water 100 
Cc. (or 10 ounces). The ferric citrate is to be dissolved in the 
distilled water by the heat of a water-bath. The sodium pyro- 
phosphate is to be added to the solution and stirred . until dis- 
solved. The solution is then to be evaporated on a water-bath to 
the consistence of thick syrup and spread upon glass plates to 
dry so that the salt may be obtained in scales. <U. S., p 193. 
F C F, 509. 

The change of title of this preparation will be noted, also a slight decrease in the 
proportion of sodium pyrophosphate. This salt is quite sensitive to dilute acids, 
being precipitated by them. 

FERRI SULPHAS. Ferrous Sulphate. FeS0 4 +7H 2 0. 

This salt is commonly called "copperas" in its impure condition. The pure fer- 
rous sulphate or sulphate of iron which is intended as the official salt, is soluble in 
1.8 parts of water at N T, and in 0.3 part of boiling water, but insoluble in alcohol. 
<U. S., p 193. F C F, p 509. 

FERRI SULPHAS EXSICCATUS. Dried Ferrous Sulphate. 

Approximately 2FeS0 4 -f-3H 3 0. Ferrous sulphate in coarse pow- 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 8l 

der ioo gm. (or any convenient quantity). The salt is kept for 
some time at about 40 C. (104 F.) in the air, allowing it to 
effloresce and then heated in a porcelain dish on a water-bath, 
constantly stirring until the product weighs from 64 to 65 gm., or 
has slightly less than two-thirds its original weight. This is then 
reduced to a fine powder and kept in well-stopped bottles. <U. 
$., p 194. F C F, p 510. 

It will be observed that the degree of heat directed is much less than in the for- 
mer Pharm., and the product must necessarily contain more moisture than the for- 
mer official preparation, which yielded about 61 per cent, of the quantity taken. It 
is slowly but completely soluble in water. 

FERRI SULPHAS GRANULATUS. Granulated Ferrous Sul- 
phate. Ferri Sulphas Pr^ecipitatus, Pharm. 1880. FeS0 4 -{- 
6H a O. Ferrous sulphate 100 gm. (or 10 ounces), distilled water 
100 gm. (or 10 ounces), diluted sulphuric acid 5 Cc. (or ]/z fl. 
ounce), alcohol 25 Cc. (or 2% fl. ounces). The ferrous sulphate 
is to be dissolved in the distilled water previously heated to boil- 
ing and the sulphuric acid added. The solution is then to be 
filtered while hot and immediately evaporated in a tared (weighed) 
porcelain capsule, on a sand-bath to 150 gm. (or 15 ounces). It is 
then to be quickly cooled, stirring constantly, and then transferred 
to a glass funnel, stopped with a plug of absorbent cotton, and 
allowed to drain. -When thoroughly drained the alcohol is to be 
poured upon it and when drained again it is to be spread on 
bibulous paper and quickly dried at ordinary temperature, trans- 
ferred to dry bottles and closely stopped. <U. S., p 194. F C 

F, p 5 IQ - 

The process for making is quite different than in the 6th revision, but the resul- 
tant preparation is about the same. Note the change of title of this preparation. 
This salt is really identical with ferrous sulphate, only being in granular form. It 
has no advantages over pure ferrous sulphate. 

FERRI VALERIANAS. Ferric Valerianate. 

This salt, which is known asvaleriante of iron, is insoluble in cold water, but 
readily soluble in alcohol. No chemical formula is assigned it in the present Pharm. 
but the 6th revision gave it FesCCaHgC^e. <U. S., p 195. F C F, p 511. 

FERRUM. Iron. Fe. Metallic iron in the form of fine, bright 
and non-elastic wire. <U. S., p 195. F C F, p 498. 

FERRUM REDUCTUM. Reduced Iron. 

Iron in the form of a very fine black lusterless powder; insoluble in water or 
alcohol. <U. S., p 195. F C F, p 499. 

GLYCERINUM. Glycerin. "A liquid obtained by the decom- 
position of vegetable or animal fats or fixed oils, and containing 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



not less than 95 per cent, of absolute glycerin, C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 ." 
<U. S.. p 198. F C F, p 516. 

The sp. gr. of glycerin should be not less than 1,250 at N T. It is soluble in 
all proportions in water or in alcohol, but insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzin, 
benzol or oils. Commercial glycerin varies in sp. gr. the best being known as 18°, 
while a 16 glycerin is sold at little less. 

GLYCERITA. Glycerites. In the present revision, six glycerites are given, be- 
ing four more than were official in the 1880 Pharm. Two of those newly introduc- 
ed were official in the 1870 Pharm. viz: Glyceritum Acidi Carbolici, and Glyceritum 
Acidi Tannici. 

GLYCERITUM ACIDI CARBOLICI. Glycerite of Carbolic 
Acid. new . Carbolic acid 20 gm. (or 2 ounces), glycerin 80 gm. 
(or 8 ounces). The carbolic acid is to be weighed into a tared 
(weighed) capsule, the glycerin added and the whole stirred to- 
gether until the acid is dissolved. <U. S., p 199. F C F, p 517. 
-\ GLYCERITUM ACIDI TANNICI. Glycerite of Tannic Acid. 
new. Tannic acid 20 gm. (or 2 ounces), glycerin, 80 gm. (or 8 
ounces). The tannic acid is to be weighed into a tared (weighed) 
capsule, the glycerin added, avoiding all contact with with metal- 
lic surfaces, and heat applied by water-bath until the acid is com- 
pletely dissolved. <U. S., p 199. F C F, p 517. 

GLYCERITUM AMYLI. Glycerite of Starch. Starch 10 gm. 
(or 1 ounce), water 10 Cc. (or 1 ounce), glycerin 80 gm. (or 8 
ounces). The starch is to be placed in a porcelain capsule, the 
water added, and mixed with the starch, then the glycerin, mixing 
the whole well together. Heat is then to be applied and the 
temperature gradually raised to 140 C. (284 F.), and not exceed- 
ing 144 C. (291 F.), stirring constantly until a translucent jelly 
is formed. <U. S., p 199. F C F, p 518. 

In the former revision water was not used, glycerin taking its place, but the ad- 
dition of water, makes a more uniform preparation; it is evaporated by the heat. 

GLYCERITUM BOROGLYCERINI. Glycerite of Boroglycerin. 

Glycerite of Glyceryl Borate, Solution of Boroglyceride. 
new. Boric acid 310 gm. (or 6.2 ounces), glycerin a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 20 ounces). Glycerin 460 gm. (or 
9.2 ounces), is to be heated in a tared (weighed) porcelain capsule, 
to a temperature not exceeding 150 C. (302 F.), and the boric 
acid added in portions, constantly stirring. When all is added 
and dissolved the heat is to be continued at the same temperature, 
frequ. n ly stirring, and breaking up the film which forms on the 
surface. When the mixture has been reduced to the weight of 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. &$ 

500 gm., glycerin 500 gm. is to be added and thoroughly mixed 
with the solution. <U. S., p 200. See also F C F, p 199. 

GLYCERINUM HYDRASTIS. Glycerite of Hydrastis, new. 
Hydrastis, in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 162/3 ounces av), gly- 
cerin 500 Cc. (or 8 fl. ounces), alcohol and water, each a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces). The hydrastis is to 
be moistened with 350 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces) of alcohol and packed 
firmly in a cylindrical percolator, enough alcohol is then to be 
added to cover the drug and leave a stratum above it, and allowed 
to macerate 48 hours. It is then to be percolated with alcohol 
until the drug is exhausted. To the percolate 250 Cc. (or 4 fl. 
ounces) of alcohol is to be added and the alcohol then distilled off 
leaving a soft extract. Enough water is to be added to this ex- 
tract to make 500 Cc. (or 8 fl. ounces) and it is to be set aside for 

24 hours, then filtered, passing enough water through the filter to 
make the measure 500 Cc. (or 8 fl. ounces). To this the glycerin 
is to be added and thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 200. F C F, 
p 480. 

This is intended to make a preparation similar to the proprietary Fluid Hydras- 
tis which has been very popular. 

GLYCERITUM VITELLI. Glycerite of Yolk of Egg. Fresh 
yolk of egg 45 gm. (or 4^ ounces), glycerin 55 gm. (or 5^ 
ounces). The yolk of egg is to be rubbed in a mortar with the 
glycerin gradually added until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. 
S., p 201. F C F, p 519. 

For other glycerites <FCF, 517,-522. 

GLYCYRRHIZINUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Gly- 
cyrrhizin. Glycyrrhiza, in No. 20 powder, 500 gm. (or 162.3 
ounces av), water, ammonia water, and sulphuric acid, of each, a 
sufficient quantity. Water 475 Cc. (or 7.6 fl. ounces) is mixed with 

25 Cc.(or 0.4 fl. ounces) of ammonia water, and the drug moistened. 
Macerate for 24 hours, then pack in a conical glass percolator, 
and gradually pour water upon it until 500 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces) of 
percolate are obtained. To this add sulphuric acid, slowly, and 
with constant stirring, so long as a precipitate is produced, collect 
this on a strainer, wash it with cold water until the washings no 
longer have an acid reaction, then re-dissolve it in water with the 
aid of sufficient ammonia water, filter if necessary, add sulphuric 
acid again so long as a precipitate is produced. Collect, wash 
again with cold water, dissolve it in just a sufficient quantity of 
ammonia water diluted with an equal volume of water and spread 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



the solution upon plates of glass so that when dry, the product 
may be obtained in scales. <U. S., p 201. F C F, p 523. 

This is readily soluble in alcohol or water. When powdered, and added in small 
quantity to quinine or other bitter alkaloid salts, their bitterness is disguised. A 
syrup or solution made with this salt, masks the taste of bitter medicines that are 
held in suspension with it. 

GOSSYPIUM PURIFICATUM. Purified Cotton. Gossypium 
Pharm. 1880. Absorbent Cotton. "The hairs of the seed of 
Gossypium herbaceum, Linne, and of other species of Gossypium 
freed from adhering impurities and deprived of fatty matter." 
<U. S., p 202. FCF, p 1195. 

GUAIACI RESINA. Guaiac. "The resin of the wood of 
Guaiacum officinale, Linne. <U. S., p 203. F C F, p 725. 

It is soluble in alcohol, and in solutions of the alkalies. 

GUARANA. Guarana. "A dried paste chiefly consisting of 
the crushed or pounded seeds of Paullinia Ctipana, Kunth." 

It is partly soluble in water and in alcohol. The fluid extract is made with 3 
measures of alcohol to 1 measure of water; an elixir is also made. 

HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. Corrosive Mer- 
curic Chloride. Corrosive Chloride of Mercury. Corrosive 
Sublimate. HgCl 2 . <U. S., p 205. F C F, p 526. 

This salt is soluble at N T, in 16 parts of water, or in 3 parts of alcohol, or in 
about 14 parts of glycerin. 

HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Mild Mercurous Chlo- 
ride. Calomel. Mild Chloride of Mercury. Hg 2 Cl 9 . "Ob- 
tained in the form of powder by the rapid condensation of the 
vapor of mercurous chloride." <U. S., p 206. F C F, p 525. 

Calomel is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and other ordinary media. 

HYDRARGYRI CYANIDUM. Mercuric Cyanide. Hg(CN) 2 . 

<U. S., p 206. FCF,p 526. 
Soluble at N T, in 12.8 parts of water, and in 15 parts of alcohol. 

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM FLAVUM. Yellow Mercurous 
Iodide. Hydrargyri Iodidum Viride, Pharm. 1880. Protoio- 
dide of Mercury. Green Iodide of Mercury. Hg 2 I 2 . The 
formula and manipulation of this preparation are entirely changed 
from the former revision. Mercury 50 gm. (or 5 ounces) with 
nitric acid, potassium iodide, distilled water, and alcohol, each a 
sufficient quantity are taken. Nitrate of mercury is first formed 
by dissolving the mercury (mostly) in 20 Cc. (or 2 fi. ounces), each 
of nitric acid and distilled water, separating the crystals of mer- 
curous nitrate which forms, from the mother liquid, draining them 
first in a glass funnel and then on bibulous paper, in a dark place 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



until dry. 40 gm. (or 4 ounces) of the dry salt is then weighed, 
and dissolved in 1000 Cc. (or 100 ounces) of distilled water tc 
which 10 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce) of nitric acid had previously been 
added. 24 gm. (or 2.4 ounces) of potassium iodide is then dis- 
solved in tooo Cc. (or 100 ounces) of distilled water and this solu- 
tion slowly poured into the solution of mercurous chloride, stir- 
ring constantly. The precipitate which forms is then transferred 
to a filter and washed with distilled water until it has no acid 
reaction, and afterwards with alcohol so long as the washings give 
any color with hydrogen sulphide test-solution. The precipitate 
is then dried in a dark place between sheets of bibulous paper at a 
temperature not exceeding 40 C. (104 F.). <U. S., p 208. F 
C F, p 527. 

Note the change of title, which was, in the former revision, Hydrargyri Iodidum 
Viride — Green Iodide of Mercury. It is almost insoluble in water, and insoluble in 
alcohol or ether. 

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Red Mercuric Iodide. 

Bixiudide of Mercury. Red Iodide of Mercury. Hgl 2 
Corrosive mercuric chloride 40 gm. (or 4 ounces), potassium iodide 
50 gm. (or 5 ounces), distilled water a sufficient quantity. The 
corrosive mercuric chloride and the potassium iodide are each to 
be dissolved separately in 800 Cc. (or 80 ounces) of distilled water 
and the solutions poured, simultaneously, and in a thin stream, 
with constant, active stirring, into 2000 Cc. (or 200 ounces) of dis- 
tilled water. The precipitate which subsides after standing is to 
be collected on a filter and washed with cold distilled water until 
the washings show but slight opalescence with silver nitrate test- 
solution. It is then to be dried in a dark place, between sheets of 
bibulous paper at a temperature not exceeding 40 C. (104 F.). 
<U. S., p 208. F C F, p 527. 

The manipulation is somewhat changed in the present formula, but the resultant 
preparation is the same. It is almost insoluble in water, but dissolves in 130 parts 
of alcohol at N T, 

HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM FLAVUM. Yellow Mercuric Oxide. 

HgO. Corrosive mercuric chloride 100 gm. (or 10 ounces), soda 
40 gm. (or 4 ounces), distilled water a sufficient quantity. The 
corrosive mercuric chloride is to be dissolved in 1000 Cc. (or 100 
ounces) of warm distilled water and the solution filtered. The 
soda (which should contain 90 per cent, of sodium hydrate) is to 
be dissolved in 1000 Cc. (or 100 ounces) of cold distilled water. 
Into this solution the first solution is to be poured gradually, and 



FENNJER S HAND-BOOK OF 



with constant stirring and the mixture allowed to stand for an 
hour at a temperature of about 30 C. (86° F.), stirring frequently. 
The clear liquid is then to be poured off from the precipitate, and 
the latter repeatedly washed with fresh portions of water until 
free from sodium chloride, the precipitate is th$n drained and 
dried between sheets of bibulous paper, in a dark place, at a tem- 
perature not exceeding 30 C. (86° F.). <U. S., p 209. F C F, 
P 528. 

Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol; but soluble in dilute nitric or 
hydrochloric acid . 

HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Red Mercuric Oxide. 

Red Precipitate. HgO. <U. S., p 210. F C F, p 529. 

Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol; but readily and completely solu- 
ble in diluted hydrochloric or nitric acids. 

HYDRARGYRI SUBSULPHAS FLAVUS. Yellow Mercuric 
Subsulphate. Basic Mercuric Sulphate. Turpeth Mineral. 
Hg(HgO) 2 S0 4 . Mercury 100 gm. (or 10^ ounces), sulphuric acid 
30 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), nitric acid 25 Cc. (or 2% fl. ounces), distilled 
water a sufficient quantity. Put the mercury in a capacious flask 
and add to it the sulphuric acid previously mixed with 15 Cc. (or 
iy 2 fl. ounces) of distilled water, then add, very gradually, the 
nitric acid previously mixed with 25 Gc. (or 2 J A fl. ounces) of dis- 
tilled water, and digest the mixture at a gentle heat until reddish 
fumes are no longer given off. Then transfer the mixture to a 
porcelain capsule and heat on a sand-bath, under a hood or in the 
open air, with frequent stirring, until a dry white mass remains. 
Reduce this to a fine powder and add it in small portions at a 
time, with constant stirring, to 2000 Cc. (or 200 fl. ounces) of boil- 
ing distilled water. When it has all been added continue the 
boiling for 10 minutes, then allow the mixture to settle, decant the 
supernatent liquid, pour the precipitate on a strainer and wash it 
with warm distilled water until the washings no longer have an 
acid reaction, and dry it in a moderately warm place. <U. S., p 
211. F C F, p 530. 

It is soluble in about 2000 parts of water at N T, and in 600 parts of boiling 
water; insoluble in alcohol; but readily soluble in dilute solutions of nitric and hy- 
drochloric acid. 

HYDRARGYRI SULPHIDUM RUBRUM. Red Sulphate of Mercury. 
HgS. This salt which was official in the 1880 Pharm is now dismissed. 

HYDRARGYRUM. Mercury. Quicksilver. Hg. 

Liquid at ordinary temperature, but solidifies at — 39.38 C. ( — 3S.88°F.), sp. gr. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 87 

13.558 at N T. It is insoluble in ordinary media; boils and volatilizes at 357.25°C. 
(675.o5°F.). <U. S., p2ii. F C F, p 523. 

HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Mercury. 

Mercuric Ammonium Chloride. White Precipitate. NH 2 H 9 C1 
Corrosive mercuric chloride, in powder, ioo gm. (or i ounce), 
ammonia water and distilled water, of each, a sufficient quantity. 
The corrosive mercuric chloride is to be dissolved in 2000 Cc. (or 
20 ounces) of warm distilled water and the solution filtered. When 
cool the filtered liquid is to be poured gradually and with constant 
stirring into 150 Cc. (or i}4 ounces) of ammonia water, taking 
care that the latter shall remain in slight excess. The precipitate 
which forms is to be collected on a filter and washed with a mix- 
ture of 400 Cc. (or 4 ounces) of distilled water, with 20 Cc. (or 2 
fl. drachms) of ammonia water, and finally dried between sheets of 
bibulous paper in a dark place at a temperature not exceeding 
30 C. (86° F.). <U. S., p 212. F C F, p 524. 

This salt is almost insoluble in alcohol or water, but is decomposed by acids, and 
by some alkali solutions. 

HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. Mercury With Chalk. Mer- 
cury s& gm. (or 1 ounce av. -f- 148 grains), clarified honey 10 gm. 
(or 2 ounces av. -(- 65 grains), water a sufficient quantity. The 
mercury and honey are to be weighed into a strong bottle of 100 
Cc. (or 4 ounces) capacity and 2 Cc. (or half-a-fluid-drachm) of 
water added. The bottle is to be firmly corked and shaken for 
about half an hour at a time, until it has had 10 hours shaking, or 
until the globules of mercury are no longer visible under a lens 
magnifying 4 diameters. The prepared chalk is to be rubbed in 
a mortar with water to a creamy paste and the contents of the 
bottle added, washing out the bottle with a little water and add- 
ing, and triturating the contents of the mortar to a uniform mix- 
ture. The mixture is then to be dried, first by putting between 
folds of bibulous paper and then in a capsule, to 100 gm. (or 3 
ounces av. -j- 231 grains = nearly 3^ ounces av.). It is then to 
be reduced to a uniform powder without trituration. <U. S., p 
213. F C F, p 524. 

The formula and manipulation of the present revision are entirely different than 
heretofore, but the proportions of mercury and chalk are the same. 

HYDRASTTNIN.E HYDROCHLORAS. Hydrastinine Hydro- 
chlorate. C^H^NO^HCl. new. "The hydrochlorate of an arti- 
ficial alkaloid derived from hydrastine, the latter being a colorless 
alkaloid obtained from Hydrastis." <U. S., p 213. 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



This salt is described as "light-yellow, amorphous granules, or a pale-yellow, 
crystalline powder, odorless, and having a bitter, saline taste; deliquescent on ex- 
posure to damp air. Soluble at N T, in 0.3 part of water and in 3 parts of alcohol." 
It is employed in the treatment of haemorrhage, especially of the uterus and its ap- 
pendages. It is administered, preferably, by hypo lermic injection, or in doses of 
0.05 gm. (0.77 grain) three times a day. 

This preparation must not be mistaken for the hydrochlorate of berberine, which 
is sometimes called hydrochlorate of hydrastine. 

HYOSCINjE HYDROBROMAS. Hyoscine Hydrobr ornate. C„ 

H 31 N0 4 HBr4-3H 2 0. new. "The hydrobromate of an alkaloid 
obtained from Hyoscyamus." <U. S., p 214. See F C F, p 118. 
This is soluble at N T, in 1.9 parts of water, and in 13 parts of alcohol. It is 
used in the treatment of epilepsy, inebriety, etc., chiefly by hypodermic injection in 
doses of y^o to gL grain. 

HYOSCYAMINE HYDROBROMAS. Hyoscyamine Hydrobro- 
mate. C 17 H 2;t N0 3 HBr. new. "The hydrobromate of an alkaloid 
obtained from hyoscyamus." <U. S., p 215. See F C F, p 118. 

Soluble at N T, in 0.3 part of water, and in two parts of alcohol. The uses of 
this salt are similar to those of hyoscine hydrobromate, the dose being from ^ to 
4^ grain, either hypodermically or internally. 

HYOSCYAMINjE SULPHAS. Hyoscyamine Sulphate. (C n 

H, 3 N0 3 ) 2 H 2 S0 4 . "'The neutral sulphate of an alkaloid obtained 
from Hyoscyamus." <U. S., p 215. F C F, p 118. 

Soluble at N T, in 0.5 part of water, and in 2.5 parts of alcohol. Its uses and 
doses are similar to the foregoing. 

INFUSA. Infusions. The general formula for infusions in the 
seventh revision is, the substance coarsely comminuted 50 gm. (or 
1 ounce), boiling water 1000 Cc. (or 20 ounces), water a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 ounces). The substance is to be 
put in a suitable vessel provided with a cover, the boiling water 
poured upon it, the vessel covered tightly and allowed to stand 
for half an hour. The liquid is then to be strained and enough 
water passed through the strainer to make the measure 1000 Cc. 
(or 20 ounces). <U. S., p 216. F C F, p 533. 

It will be noted that the strength of infusions as made by the 
general formula is only one-half as much as before, viz.: 5 per 
cent, of the substance instead of 10 per cent. Infusum Brayerae 
has been dismissed. 

INFUSUM CINCHONA. Infusion of Cinchona. The present 
formula remains the same as in the former revision except the 
substitution of metric weight and measure for parts. Cinchona in 
No. 40 powder 60 gm. (or 1 ounce av), aromatic sulphuric acid 
10 Cc. (or 75 minims), water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



(or 16 fl. ounces). The acid is to be mixed with 500 Cc. of water 
and the cinchona percolated in a conical percolator, first with this 
and then with water until 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces) have passed. 
<U.S.,p.2i 7 . FCF, P535. 

INFUSUM DIGITALIS. Infusion of Digitalis. The present 
formula is changed by the use of cinnamon water instead of cin- 
namon in powder. Digitalis in No. 20 powder 15 gm. (or 200 
grains), alcohol 100 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), cinnamon water 150 Cc. 
(or ^/z fl. ounces), boiling water 500 Cc. (or 15 fl. ounces), cold 
water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces). The 
boiling water is to be poured upon Hie digitalis contained in a 
suitable vessel and allowed to macerate until cold. It is then to 
be strained, the alcohol and cinnamon water added and enough 
cold water poured through the strainer to make the measure jooo 
Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces). 

INFUSUM PRUNI VIRGINIANS. Infusion of Wild Cherry, 
This is the same as before: Wild cherry, in No. 20 powder, 40 
gm. (or i ounce), water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. 
(or 25 ounces). The wild cherry is to be moistened with 60 Cc. 
(or 1% ounces) of water and allowed to macerate for one hour. 
It is then to be packed firmly in a conical glass percolator, and 
water (cold) poured upon it until the infusion measures 1000 Cc. 
(or 25 ounces). <U. S., p 218. F C F, p 535. 

INFUSUM SENNS COMPOSITUM. Compound Infusion of 
Senna. Black Draught. The formula for this remains un- 
changed, except the substitution of metric weight and measure 
for parts. Senna, 60 gm. (or 1 ounce), manna, 120 gm. (or 2 
ounces), magnesium sulphate, 120 gm. (or 2 ounces), Fennel, bruis- 
ed, 20 gm. (or 146 grains), boiling water, 800 Cc. (or 13 ounces), 
cold water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl.ounces). 
The boiling water is to be poured upon the senna in a suitable 
vessel, and allowed to macerate until cold. The infusion is then 
to be strained, with expression, the magnesium sulphate and man- 
na are to be dissolved in the liquid and the solution again strain- 
ed, adding through the strainer enough cold water to make 1000 
Cc. (or 16 fl.ounces). <U. S., p 218. F C F, p 536. 

For other infusions see F C F, p 533 to 539. It may be here remarked that a 
great share of the infusions required in the retail trade, are made extemporaneously 
by adding cold water to the required quantity of fluid extract of the drug and filter- 
ing if necessary. The present Pharm. infusions are 5 per cent, strength, therefor? 
I ounce of the fl. extract to 19 fl, ounces of water would be the proportion, 



9<3 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

IODOFORMUM. Iodoform. CHI 3 . The sp. gr. of Iodoform 
is 2.000 at N T. It is very sparingly soluble in water, and re- 
quires 52 parts of alcohol, or 5.2 parts of ether to effect its solu- 
tion. It is very soluble in chloroform, benzin and oils. <U. S., 
p 218. FCF,p 539. 

IODUM. Iodine. I. 

The sp. gr. of Iodine is 4.984 at I7°C. (65°F.). It is soluble in about 5000 
parts of water, and in 10 parts of alcohol at N T, It dissolves readily in a.solution 
of iodide of potassium, also in ether, chloroform or carbon disulphide. It 
volatilizes slowly at ordinary temperature giving forth a purple vapor. 

KINO. Kino. "The inspisssated juice of Pteroca?-pus Marsu- 
pium." U. S., p 221. F C F, p 727. 

Kino is soluble in alcohol, nearly insoluble in ether and almost insoluble in cold 
water. 

LACTUCARIUM. Lactucarium. "The concrete milk-juice of 
Lactuca Virosa." <U. S., p 222. 

It is partly soluble in alcohol and ether; and with water, when triturated, it yields 
a turbid mixture. 

LIMONIS SUCCUS. Lemon Juice. "The freshly expressed 
juice of the ripe fruit of Citrus Limonum. <U. S., p 223. 

Lemon juice contains about 7 per cent, of citric acid. Its sp. gr. at N T, is not 
less than 1.030. 

LINIMENTA. Liniments. In the liniments of the new Pharm. Lininientum 
Saponis Mollis now takes the place of Tinctura Saponis Viri t /is,oi the 1880 Pharm. 
Two have been dismissed, viz: Liuimentum Cantharidis and Lininientum Pluntbi 
Subacetatis. Several changes in the remaining preparations have been made, which 
will be noted under the formulas in which they occur. For other liniments <F C 
F, p 543 to 346. 

LINIMENTUM AMMONIA. Ammonia Liniment. Volatile 
Liniment. The present formula is changed by the addition of 
alcohol; the proportion of ammonia water is also increased. Am- 
monia water, 350 Cc. (or 7 ounces), alcohol, 50 Cc. (or 1 ounce), 
cotton seed oil, 600 Cc. (or 12 ounces). Shake them well togeth- 
er in a bottle. Should be freshly made when wanted for use. If 
drachms are substituted for ounces in the above, the product is 
iVz ounces. <U. S., p 223. F C F, b 543. 

LINIMENTUM BELLADONNA. Belladonna Liniment. There 
is no change in this preparation, except the substitution of metric 
weight and measure for parts. Camphor, 50 gm. (or % ounce), 
fluid extract of belladonna, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. 
(or 10 ounces). The camphor is to be dissolved in the fluid ex- 
tract, 200 Cc. (or 2 ounces), and enough of the fluid extract added 
to make 1000 Cc. (or 10 ounces), <U. S., p 228. F C F, p 543. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



LINIMENTUM CALOIS. Lime Liniment. Carkon Oil. This 
remains the same. Solution of lime and cotton seed oil, equal 
volumes, are to be mixed and shaken well together. <U. S., p 
224. F C F, p 544. 

LINIMENTUM CAMPHORS. Camphor Liniment. This pre- 
paration which is more commonly known as Camphorated Oil re- 
mains unchanged. Camphor, 200 gm. (or 2 ounces), cotton seed 
oil, 800 gm. (or 8 ounces). The camphor, in small pieces, is to be 
dissolved in the oil by the aid of heat of a water-bath. <U. S., p 
224. F C F, p 544. 

LINIMENTUM CHLOROFORMI. Chloroform Liniment. The 
change to metric measure makes an apparent, but only a slight 
real change in the present formula. Chloroform, 300 Cc. (or 3 fl. 
ounces), soap liniment, 700 Cc. (or 7 fl. ounces). They are to be 
well mixed together. U. S., p 224. F C F, p 544. 

LINIMENTUM SAPONIS. Soap Liniment. In the present 
Pharm. the proportion of soap has been decreased, and of cam- 
phor increased. Soap, in fine powder, 70 gm. (or 1^ ounces av), 
camphor, in small pieces, 45 gm. (or \\ ounces av.), oil of rose- 
mary, 10 Cc. (or 70 minims), alcohol, 750 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces), 
water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 24 fl. ounces). 
The camphor is to be dissolved in the alcohol, the soap and oij 
added and the whole shaken well together, and then enough water 
added to make 1000 Cc. (or 24 fl. ounces), and the mixture allowed 
to stand, with occassional agitation until it becomes clear. It is 
then to be set aside for 24 hours and filtered. U. S., p 224. F C 
F, p 545- 

LINIMENTUM SAPONIS MOLLIS. Liniment of Soft Soap. 
Tincture Saponis Viridis, Pharm. 1880. The change of title 
in this preparation will be noted. The formula is also slightly 
changed. Soft soap, 650 gm. (or 6 ounces av. -f- 6 drachms), oil 
of lavender, 20 Cc. (or 90 minims), alcohol, 300 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), 
water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), 
The alcohol and oil are to be mixed, and the soft soap dissolved 
in the mixture by stirring or agitation. The solution is to be set 
aside for 24 hours, then filtered and enough water passed through 
the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces). <U. 
S., p 225. F C F, p 938. 

LINIMENTUM SINAPIS COMPOSITUM. Compound Lini- 
ment of Mustard. In this preparation fluid extract of mezereum 



92 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

is substituted for the solid extract. Volatile oil of mustard 30 Cc. 
(qr 130 minims), fluid extract of mezereum 200 Cc. (or 2 fl. ounces) 
camphor 60 gm. (or 273 grains), castor oil 150 Cc. (or 1% fl. 
ounces), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 (or 10 fl. 
ounces). The camphor is to be dissolved in 500 Cc. (or 5 fl. 
ounces) of alcohol and the fluid extract added, then the oil of 
mustard and the castor oil and enough alcohol to make the meas- 
ure 1000 gm. (or 10 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 225. FCF, p 545. 

LINIMENTUM TEREBINTHINiE. Turpentine Liniment. 
The only change in this preparation is the substitution of metric 
weight for parts. Resin cerate 650 gm. (or 6}A ounces), oil of 
turpentine 350 gm. (or 3% ounces). The resin cerate is to be 
melted on a water-bath and the oil of turpentine added and 
thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 225. F C F, p 546. 

LIQUORS. Solutions. In the liquors or solutions of the new Pharm. no addi- 
tions have been made except by the transfer of Basham's Mixture from the mixtures. 
Three solutions have been dismissed, viz: Solution of Citrate of Iron and Quinine, 
Solution of Gutta-Percha and Solution of Pepsin. In the remaining preparations 
but few important changes have been made, except such as were necessary to con- 
form to the new standard of strength of some of the ingredients. For other solu- 
tions, of which there are many, <F C F, p 547 to 592. 

LIQUOR ACIDI ARSENOSI. Solution of Arsenous Acid. 

Arsenous acid 10 gm. (or 91^ grains), diluted hydrochloric acid 
50 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), distilled water a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 gm. (or 20 fl. ounces. The diluted hydrochloric acid is to be 
mixed with 250 Cc. (or 2^ ounces) of distilled water, the arsenous 
acid added and the mixture boiled until all the arsen us acid is 
dissolved. The solution is then to be filtered and enough distilled 
water added to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). 
<U. S, p 226. F C F, p 547. 

The change in the spelling in both the Latin and English title will be noted. The 
solution contains 1 per cent, of arsenous acid. 

LIQUOR AMMONII ACETATIS. Solution of Ammonium 
Acetate. Spirit of Mindererus. "An aqueous solution of 
ammonium acetate, NH 4 C 2 H 3 C\, containing about 7 per cent, of 
the salt, together with a small amount of acetic and carbonic 
acids." <U. S., p 226. F C F, p 548. 

The present Pharm. directs ammonium carbonate 5 gm. (or y 2 
ounce) to be gradually added to diluted acetic acid 100 Cc. (or 10 
ounces). The ammonium carbonate dissolves with evolution of 
CO . It should be freshly prepared when wanted for use. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



LIQUOR ARSENI ET HYDRAR'GYRI IODIDI. Solution of 
Arsenic and Mercuric Iodide. Donovan's Solution. Arsenic 
iodide 10 gm. (or 91^ grains), red mercuric iodide 10 gm(or9i*^. 
grains), distilled water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 
20 fl. ounces). The arsenic iodide is to be powdered and mixed 
with the red mercuric iodide; distilled water 150 Cc. (or. 3 fl. 
ounces) is then to be added and triturated until the salts are dis- 
solved; the solution is then to be filtered and enough water passed 
through the filter to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 
227. F C F, p 550. 

This preparation contains 1 per cent, each of the iodides. 

LIQUOR CALCIS. Solution of Lime- Solution of Calcium 
Hydrate, Lime Water. "A saturated solution of calcium hy- 
drate, Ca(OH) <> . The percentage of calcium hydrate varies with 
the temperature, being somewhat over 0.17 per cent, at N T, and 
diminishing as the temperature rises." <U. S., 227. F C F, 552'. 

The present Pharm. directs lime 12 gm. (or ^2 ounce), with dis- 
tilled water a sufficient quantity. The lime is slaked by pouring 
upon it gradually 70 Cc. (or 3 ounces) of distilled water, then 360 
Cc. (or 22 ounces) of distilled water are added and the mixture 
agitated occasionally during half an hour. It is then allowed to 
settle, the clear portion being thrown away, and to the residue 
3600 Cc. (or 13^2 pints) of distilled water are added, and 
thoroughly mixed. The clear liquid is poured off when wanted 
for use. 

LIQUOR FERRI ACETATIS. Solution of Ferric Acetate. 
"An aqueous solution of ferric acetate Fe 2 (C 2 H 3 2 ) 6 , containing 
about 31 per cent, of the anhydrous salt, and corresponding to 
about 7.5 per cent, of metallic iron. <U. S., p 228. F C F, p 553 

Solution of ferric acetate 1000 gm. (or 10 ounces av), glacial, 
acetic acid 260 gm. (or 2.6 ounces av), ammonia water 850 Cc. (or- 
8^4 fl. ounces), water and distilled water, of each, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make 1000 gm. (or 10 ounces av). The ammonia water is 
to be mixed with 3000 Cc. (or 30 ounces) of cold water, and the 
solution of ferric sulphate with 10000 Cc. (or 100 ounces) of cold 
water, the iron solution is to be added slowly, and with constant 
stirring, to the ammonia solution and the precipitate which forms 
allowed to subside. The clear liquid is then to be poured off and 
the precipitate washed with successive portions of 6000 Cc. (or 60 
ounces) each of boiling water until all soluble salts are removed. 
The precipitate is then to be drained and pressed on a muslin . 



94 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

strainer until its weight is reduced to less than 700 gm. (or 7 
ounces), and this is to be added gradually to the acetic acid until 
it is all dissolved and then enough distilled water added to make 
the weight 1000 gm. (or 10 ounces av.). <U. S., p 228. F C F, 

P 553- 

This solution should have a sp. gr. of about 1 . 160 at N T. 

LIQUOR FERRI CHLORIDI. Solution of Ferric Chloride. 

"An aqueous solution of ferric chloride, Fe 2 Cl 6 , containing about 
37.8 per cent, of the anhydrous salt, corresponding to 62.9 per 
cent, of the crystallized salt, Fe 2 Cl 6 -|-i2H 2 0, or to about 13 per 
cent, of metallic iron." <U. S., p 229. F C F, p 554. 

Iron, in the form of fine wire, and cut into small pieces, 150 gm. 
(or 3 ounces), hydrochloric acid 870 gm. (or 17.4 ounces), nitric 
acid, distilled water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. 
(or 20 ounces). The iron wire is put into a flask of about 2000 Cc. 
(or 40 fl. ounces) capacity, and a mixture of 540 gm. (or 10.8 
ounces) of hydrochloric acid with 250 Cc. (or 5 ounces) of distilled 
water poured upon it and allowed to set in a moderately warm 
place until effervescence ceases. It is then heated to the boiling 
point and filtered, rinsing the flask and the iron wire with a little 
hot distilled water and adding through the filter. To the filtered 
liquid, hydrochloric acid, 280 gm. (or 5.6 ounces) is added, and 
then this mixture is added slowly and gradually in a stream 
to 80 gm. (or 1.6 ounces) of nitric acid contained in a capacious 
porcelain vessel and heated gently until effervescence ceases. 
Heat by means of a sand-bath is then applied until the liquid is 
free from nitrous odor, a little more nitric acid is then added, 
drop by drop until it no longer effervesces and the excess is 
evaporated off as before. The remaining 50 gm. (or 1 ounce) of 
hydrochloric acid is then added and enough distilled .water to 
make of the solution 1000 gm. (or 20 ounces). <U. S., p 239. 
F C F, p 554. 

This solution is used for making tincture of ferric chloride, and other prepara- 
tions. Its sp. gr. is 1,387 at N T. 

LIQUOR FERRI CITRATIS. Solution of Ferric Citrate. "An 

aqueous solution of ferric citrate corresponding to about 7.5 per 
cent, of metallic iron." <U. S., p 231. F C F, p 555. 

Solution of ferric sulphate, 1050 gm. (or io)4 ounces av.), citric 
acid, 300 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), ammonia water, 880 Cc. (or 8J 
fl. ounces), water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 10 
ounces av.). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



The ammonia water is to be mixed with 3000 Cc. (or 30 ounces) 
of cold water and the solution of ferric sulphate witU iooco Cc. 
(or 100 ounces) of cold water. The solutions are to be mixed and 
the precipitate washed and drained as directed in the formula for 
solution ferric acetate (ante). It is then to be transferred to a 
capsule, the citric acid added and the mixture heated on a water- 
bath to 6o° C. (140 F.), stirring constantly until dissolved. The 
solution is then to be filtered and evaporated at the above men- 
tioned temperature until it weighs 1000 Cc. (or 10 ounces). 

The sp. gr. of this solution is 1.250 at NT. 

LIQUOR FERRI ET AMMONII ACETATIS. Solution of Iron 
and Ammonium Acetate. Mistura Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis, 
Pharm. 1880. Basham's Mixture. Tincture of ferric chloride 
20 Cc. (or 1 fl. drachm), diluted acetiG acid 30 Cc. (or 1 V> 
fl. drachms), solution of ammonium acetate 200 Cc. (or 1^ fl. 
ounces), aromatic elixir 100 Cc. (or % fl. ounce), glycerin 120 Cc 
(or y% fl. ounce), water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
5 fl. ounces). To the solution of ammonium acetate (which should 
not be alkaline) the diluted acetic acid, the tincture of ferric 
chloride, the aromatic elixir and the glycerin are successively to 
be added, and lastly, enough water to make the measure 1000 Cc 
(or 5 fl. ounces). This preparation should be freshly made when 
wanted for use, hence the small quantities directed. <U. S., p 
232. F C F, p 624. 

It will be noted that this preparation takes the place of Mistura Ferri et Am- 
monii acetatis, of the former Pharm., glycerin being substituted in place of syrup. 

LIQUOR FERRI NITRATIS. Solution of Ferric Nitrate. -An 

aqueous solution of ferric nitrate, Fe 2 (N0 3 ) 6 , containing about 6.2 
per cent, of the anhydrous salt, and corresponding to about 1.4 
per cent, of metallic iron." <U. S., p 232. F C F, p 550. 

Solution of ferric sulphate 180 gm. (or 4^ ounces), ammonia 
water 160 Cc. (or 4 ounces), nitric acid 71 gm. (or 1^ ounces -f- 
15 grains), distilled water and water each a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 gm. (or 25 ounces). The ammonia water is to be mix- 
ed with 500 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces) of cold water, and the solution of 
ferric sulphate with 1500 Cc. (or 36 fl. ounces) of cold water and 
the latter solution slowly added to the former with constant . stir- 
ring. When the precipitate has subsided the clear liquid is to be 
poured off and the precipitate washed with several portions of 
1000 Cc. (or 24 fl. ounces) of water until all the soluble salts are 
removed. The ferric hydrate which remains as a precipitate is 



9& fenner's hand-book of 

then poured on a wet muslin strainer and drained thoroughly, 
then it is to be transferred to a porcelain capsule and the nitric 
acid added and stirred with a glass rod until dissolved, and finally 
enough distilled water is added to make the finished product 
weigh iooo gm. (or 25 ounces) and filtered if necessary. 
The sp. gr. of this solution is about 1.050 at N T. 

LIQUOR FERRI SUBSULPHATIS. Solution of Ferric Sub- 
sulphate. Solution of Basic Ferric Sulphate. Monsel's 
Solution. "An aqueous solution of basic ferric sulphate (of 
variable chemical composition), corresponding to about 13.6 per 
cent, of metallic iron." <U. S., p 233. F C F, p 557. 

Ferrous sulphate in clear crystals 675 gm. (or 13^/2 ounces), sul- 
phuric acid 65 gm. (or 1.3 ounces), nitric acid and distilled water, 
each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 20 ounces). The 
sulphuric acid is to be added to 500 Cc. (or 10 ounces) of distilled 
water in a capacious porcelain capsule, and the mixture heated by 
water-bath to nearly ioo° C. (212 F.), and then 65 gm. (or 1.3 
ounces) of nitric acid added and well mixed with a glass rod. The 
ferrous sulphate, reduced to a coarse powder, is then to be added 
in four equal portions, one at a time, stirring after each addition 
until dissolved and effervescence ceases. When all is dissolved 
nitric acid is to be added, a few drops at a time, until red fumes 
no longer rise when it is added. The solution is then to be boiled 
until it acquires a ruby red color and is free from nitrous odor, 
and lastly, enough distilled water is to be added to make the 
weight 1000 gm. (or 20 ounces). The product should be kept m 
well-stopped bottles, in a moderately warm place not under 22 C 
(7 1.6° F.), protected from light. 

The sp. gr. of this solution is about 1.550 at N T. This is also known as Solu- 
tion Persulphate of Iron. 

LIQUOR FERRI TERSULPHATIS. Solution of Ferric Sul- 
phate. "An aqueous solution of normal ferric sulphate, Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , 
containing about 28.7 per cent, of the salt and corresponding to 
about 8 per cent, of metallic iron." <U. S., p 235. F C F, p 558. 

Ferrous sulphate in clear crystals 400 gm. (or 8 ounces), sul- 
phuric acid 78 gm. (or 1^2 ounces), nitric acid and distilled water^ 
of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 20 ounces) 5 . 
The sulphuric acid is to be added to 500 Cc. (or 10 ounces) of dis- 
tilled water, in a capacious porcelain capsule and the mixture 
heated to nearly ioo° C. (212 F.). Nitric acid 55 gm. (or i}& 
ounces) is then to be added and well mixed, and the ferrous sul- 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 97 

phate, coarsely powdered and divided into four portions, is then to 
be added to the mixture, a portion at a time, stirring with a glass 
rod after the addition of each portion until effervescence ceases. 
After the iron salt is all dissolved, nitric acid a few drops at a 
time is to be added until red fumes no longer are evolved, and the 
solution is then to be boiled until it becomes of a reddish-brown 
color and is free from nitrous odor, and finally enough distilled 
water is to be added to make the weight iooo gm. (or 20 ounces), 
and filtered if necessary. 

The sp. gr. of this solution is about 1.320 at N T . In the former Pharm. this 
preparation had the English titles, Solution of Ter sulphate of Iron and Solution 
of Normal Ferric Sulphate. 

LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. Solution of Mercuric 

Nitrate. "A liquid containing about 60 per cent, of mercuric 
nitrate, Hg(N0 3 ) 2 , together with about n per cent, of free nitric 
acid." <U. S., p 236. F C F, p 558. 

In the present formula the proportion of the mercuric salt has 
been reduced one-third. Red mercuric oxide 40 gm. (or 4 ounces) 
nitric acid 45 gm. (or 4^ ounces), distilled water 15 gm. (or i J / 2 
ounces). The nitric acid is to be mixed with the distilled water, 
and the red mercuric oxide dissolved in the mixture. 

The sp. gr. of this salt is about 2. 100 at N T. 

LIQUOR IODI COMPOSITUS. Compound Solution of Iodine. 

Lugol's Solution. This is the same as before. Iodine 5 gm. 
(or 1 ounce), potassum iodide 10 gm. (or 2 ounces), distilled water 
a sufficient quantity to make 100 gm. (or 10 ounces). The iodine 
and iodide of potassium are to be dissolved in sufficient distilled 
water to make the weight 100 gm. (or 10 ounces). <U. S., p 236. 
F C F, p 559. 

LIQUOR MAGNESII CITRATIS. Solution of Magnesium Cit- 
rate. The formula is for one bottle. 

Magnesium carbonate, 15 gm. (or 230 grains. 

Citric acid, 30 gm. (or 460 grains). 

Syrup of citric acid, 120 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces). 

Potassium bicarbonate, 2}^ gm. (or 38 grains). 

Water, a sufficient quantity, 
The citric acid is to be dissolved in 120 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces) of 
water, and the magnesium carbonate, (made fine by rubbing 
through a sieve), added and the mixture stirred until the magne- 
sium carbonate is dissolved. The solution is then to be filtered 
into a strong bottle of the capacity of about 360 Cc. (or 12 fl. 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



ounces) containing the syrup of citric acid, water is then to be 
added to nearly fill the bottle, and the potassium bicarbonate (in 
crystals) dropped in, and the bottle immediately corked and the 
cork secured with twine. It is then to be agitated occasionally 
until the potassium bicarbonate is dissolved. <U. S., p 237. F 
CF, p 5 6i. 

It will be noted that the present formula increases the quantity of all the medi- 
cinal ingredients, materially, the 1880 formula being carbonate of magnesium. 13 
gm.; citric acid, 26 gm. ; syrup of citric acid, 80 gm. ; bicarbonate of potassium, 2 
gm. ; to make the same quantity as is now directed. The syrup of citric acid is 
doubled in quantity, and really seems excessive. 

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Solution of Lead Sub- 
acetate. Goulard's Extract. "An aqueous liquid containing 
in solution about 25 per cent, of lead subacetate, ■ approximately 
Pb,0(C,H,0,), " <U. S, p2 37 . FCF, p S 6 3 . 

The proportion of lead oxide is reduced in the present formula 
to 100 parts instead of 120 parts as formerly. Lead acetate 170 
gm. (or 4^ ounces), lead oxide 100 gm. (or 2V2 ounces), distilled 
water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 25 ounces). The 
lead acetate is to be dissolved in 800 gm. (or 20 ounces) of boiling 
water in a glass or porcelain vessel and the lead oxide, previously 
passed through a fine sieve, added and the mixture boiled for half 
an hour, adding hot distilled water occasionally to make up for 
loss by evaporation. The heat is then removed, the solutiou 
cooled, and enough distilled water previously boiled is to be added 
to make the weight 1000 gm. (or 25 ounces). It is then to be 
filtered with as little exposure to the air as possible. 

The sp. gr. of this preparation at N T, is about 1.195. 

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS DILUTUS. Diluted Solu- 
tion of Lead Subacetate. Lead Water. Solution of lead sub- 
acetate 30 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), distilled water a sufficient quan- 
tity to make 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces). The lead solution is to 
be mixed with sufficient distilled water, previously boiled and 
cooled to make 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 238. F C 
F, p 564. 

LIQUOR POTASS^). Solution of Potassa. Solution of Po- 
tassium Hydrate. "An aqueous solution of potassium hydrate, 
KOH, containing about 5 per cent, of the hydrate." <U. S., p 
238. FCF, p 564. 

Potassium bicarbonate 85 gm. (or 2^ ounces), lime 40 gm. (or 
1 ounce), distilled water, a sufficient quantity. The potassium 
carbonate is to be dissolved in 400 Cc. (or 10 ounces) of distilled 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 99 

water and the solution heated until effervescence ceases. The 
heat is then to be increased to the boiling point of the liquid. 
The lime which has previously been slaked and mixed with 400 
Cc. (or 10 ounces) of distilled water is to be poured into a tared 
(weighed) flask, heated to boiling, and the hot solution of potas- 
sium bicarbonate gradually added to it and the whole allowed to 
boil for 10 minutes. Then enough distilled water is added to make 
the contents of the flask weigh 1000 Cc. (or 25 ounces) and when 
cool it is to be strained through linen. Most druggists prepare 
liquor potassa by dissolving 56 gm. (or 1 ounce av ) of potassa 
(caustic potash) in distilled water 944 gm. (or 16 fl. ounces). 
The sp. gr. of this solution is about 1.036 at N T. 

LIQUOR POTASSII ARSENITIS. Solution of Potassium 

Arsenite. Fowler's Solution. The present Pharm. doubles 
the proportion of potassium bicarbonate, which, no doubt, adds to 
the stability of the preparation. Arsenous acid, in fine powder, 
10 gm. (or 154.3 grains), bicarbonate of potassium 20 gm. (or 309 
grains), compound tincture of lavender 30 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), dis- 
tilled water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 33.8 fl; 
ounces). The arsenous acid and potassium bicarbonate are to be 
boiled together with 100 Cc. (or 3^ ounces) of water until dis- 
solved, and then enough distilled water added to make the solution 
measure, when cold, 970 Cc. (or 32.8 fl. ounces); to this the com- 
pound tincture of lavender is then to be added and the liquid 
filtered through paper. <U. S., p 239. F C F, p 565. 

LIQUOR POTASSII CITRATIS. Solution of Potassium Cit- 
rate. Mistura Potassii Citratis. "An aqueous liquid contain- 
ing in solution about 9 per cent, of anhydrous potassium citrate^ 
K 3 C 6 H B 7 , together with small amounts of citric and carbonic 
acids." <U. S., p 240. F C F, p 565. 

Potassium carbonate 8 gm. (or 1 ounce), citric acid 6 gm. (or 3^ 
ounce), water a sufficient quantity. The salts are each to be 
separately dissolved in 40 Cc. (or 5 ounces) of water and the solu- 
tions separately filtered, washing the filters with enough water to 
obtain of each solution 50 Cc. (or 6^ fl. ounces). When ready th-e 
solutions are to be mixed and when effervescence has nearly 
ceased transferred to a bottle. This preparation should be fresh- 
ly made when wanted for use. 

LIQUOR SODJE. Solution of Soda. Solution of Sodium 
FIydrate. "An aqueous solution of sodium hydrate, NaOH, con- 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



taining about 5 per cent, of the hydrate " <U. S., p 240. F C 
F, p 566. 

Sodium carbonate 170 gm. (or 6 ounces), lime 50 gm. (or 1^ 
ounces), distilled water a sufficient quantity. The sodium car- 
bonate is to be dissolved in 400 Cc. (or 14 ounces) of boiling dis- 
tilled water. The lime is to be slaked and mixed with 400 Cc. (or 
14 ounces) of distilled water, the mixture is to be poured into a 
tared (weighed) bottle and heated to boiling and the solution of 
sodium carbonate is to be gradually added to it and the whole 
boiled during 10 minutes, then enough distilled water is to be 
added to make the weight 1000 gm. (or 32^ ounces). Most drug- 
gists prepare this solution by dissolving 56 gm. (or 1 ounce) of 
soda (caustic soda), in distilled water 944 gm. (or 32 fl. ounces). 

The sp. gr. of this solution is about 1 .059 at N T. 

LIQUOR SOD M CHLORATE. Solution of Chlorinated Soda. 

Labarraque's Solution. Sodium carbonate, 150 gm. (or 3 
ounces), chlorinated lime 75 gm. (or 1]^ ounces), water a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 20 ounces). The chlorinated lime 
is to be triturated with 200 Cc. (or 6 ounces) of water, gradually 
added and after the heavier particles have subsided the thinner 
portion filtered. The residue is again to be triturated with 200 
Cc. (or 6 ounces) of fresh water and filtered, adding through the 
filter 100 Cc. (or 3 ounces) of water. The sodium carbonate is to 
be dissolved in 300 Cc. (or 9 ounces) of hot water and the solution 
added to the filtered solution of chlorinated lime, stirring the 
mixture thoroughly, and if it becomes gelatinous, warming the 
vessel containing it until the contents liquify. This is then to be 
filtered through a new filter, washing the filter with enough water 
to make 1000 gm. (or 2 ounces). <U. S., p 241. F C F, p 566. 

The present Pharm. increases the quantity of sodium carbonate fifty per cent, and 
slightly reduces the chlorinated lime. It will be remembered that the standard of 
chlorine strength of chlorinated lime in the new Pharm. is 35 per cent, instead of 
25 per cent, as in the former revision; this would demand a larger quantity of sod- 
ium carbonate, but the quantity directed still makes the proportion of the sodium 
salt considerably increased, The sp. gr. of the present preparation is 1.052 the 
former official was 1.044. 

LIQUOR SODII ARSENATIS. Solution of Sodium Arsenate. 

Sodium arsenate deprived of its water of crystallization by a heat 
not exceeding 149 C. (300 F.), t gm. (or 15.4 grains), distilled 
water a sufficient quantity to make 100 Cc. (or 3.38 fl. ounces) 
(This is equivalent to 27 grains of the salt with water enough to 
make 6 fl. ounces) The sodium arsenate is to be dissolved in a 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



sufficient quantity of distilled water to make the required measure. 
<U. S., p 242. F C F, p 567. 

Note the change of spelling of both the Latin and English titles by the omission 
of i in the last word . 

LIQUOR SODII SILICATIS. Solution of Sodium Silicate. 

<U. S., p 242. F C F, p 567. 

This solution is more commonly known as "water glass," or "liquid glass." Its 
sp. gr. is 1.300 to 1.400 at N T. 

LIQUOR ZINCI CHLORIDI. Solution of Zinc Chloride. "An 

aqueous solution of zinc chloride, ZnCl 2 , containing about 50 per 
cent., by weight, of the salt." <U. S., p 243. F C F, p 568. 

The present formula is zinc, granulated, 240 gm. (or 2 ounces), 
hydrochloric acid 840 gm. (or 7 ounces), nitric acid 12 gm. (or 1 
ounce), precipitated zinc carbonate, 12 gm. (or 1 ounce), distilled 
water a sufficient quantity. The zinc is to be put in a glass or 
porcelain vessel and 150 Cc. (or i 1 /^ ounces) of distilled water 
added. The hydrochloric acid is to be gradually added and the 
mixture digested until the acid is saturated, the solution is then 
to be poured off, the nitric acid added, and the solution evaporated 
to dryness, heating the mass to fusion at a temperature not ex- 
ceeding ii5°C. (239 F.). Let it cool and dissolve it in a suffi- 
cient amount of distilled water to make the product weigh icoo 
gm. (or 8^ ounces). To this solution add the precipitated zinc 
carbonate and let it set for 24 hours with occasional agitation, 
then set it aside until the precipitate has subsided and finally 
separate the clear solution by decantation. 

The sp. gr. of this solution is 1.535 at N T. 

LITHII BENZOAS. Benzoate of Lithium. LiC 7 H 5 2 . 

This salt of Lithium is soluble in 4 parts of 'water and in 12 parts of alcohol, at 
NT. <U. S., P 243. FCF,p593. 

LITHII BROMIDUM. Lithium Bromide. LiBr. 

Soluble at N T, in 0.6 part of water and very soluble in alcohol. This is the 
most soluble salt of Lithium, U. S., p 244. F C F, p 593. 

LITHII CARBONAS. Lithium Carbonate. Li 2 C0 3 . 

Soluble at N T. in 80 parts of water, and in 140 parts of boiling water; but in- 
soluble in alcohol, <U. S., p 245. F C F, p 594. 

LITHII CITRAS. Lithium Citrate. Li 3 C 6 H 5 7 . 

Soluble in 2 parts of water at N T., but nearly insoluble in alcohol. 

LITHII CITRAS EFFERVESCENS. Effervescent Lithium 
Citrate, new. Lithium carbonate 70 gm. (or 1 ounce), sodium 
bicarbonate 280 gm. (or 4 ounces), citric acid 370 gm. (or 5^ 
ounces), sugar in fine powder, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 



FENNERS HAND-BOOK OF 



gm. (or 141^ ounces). The citric acid is to be triturated with 
about 200 gm. (or 3 ounces) of sugar and the mixture thoroughly 
dried. The lithium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate are then to 
be added and enough sugar to make 1000 gm. (or 14^3 ounces). 

This, or a similar preparation is now put up in the form of tablets and extensively 
sold. One of the tablets is dropped into a glass of water and dissolves with efferves- 
cence, making "lithia water." 

LITHII SALICYLAS. Lithium Salicylate. LiC 7 H 5 3 . 

This lithium salt deliquesces when exposed to moist air, and is very soluble in 
water and alcohol. <U, S., p 246. F C F, p 595. 

MAGNESIA. Magnesia. Light Magnesia. Calcined Mag- 
nesia. MgO. 

It is almost insoluble in water and alcohol. When 1 part of magnesia is mixed 
thoroughly with 15 parts of water in a glass and allowed to stand for half an hour, 
it forms a gelatinous mass, and the glass may be inverted without it dropping out, 
Milk of Magnesia may be made by mixing 1 part of magnesia with 19 parts of 
water. 

MAGNESIA PONDEROSA. Heavy Magnesia. MgO. 

This is the same chemically as the preceding, but is made from heavy carbonate 
of magnesium instead of light. It differs from the former in not uniting readily 
with water to form a gelatinous hydrate. <U. S., p 249. F C F, p 599. 

MAGNESII CARBONAS. Magnesium Carbonate. Approxi- 
mately, Mg(C0 3 ) 4 . Mg(OH) 2 + 5 H 2 0. 

Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 249. F C F, p 599- 

MAGNESII CITRAS EFFERVESCENS. Effervescent Mag- 
nesium Citrate. This takes the place of the former official Mag- 
nesii Citras Granulatus, the formula differing slightly. 

Magnesium carbonate 10 gm. (or 1 ounce av), citric acid 46 gm. 
(or 4 ounces av. -j- 262 grains), sodium bicarbonate 34 gm. (or 3 
ounces av. -{- 175 grains), sugar in fine powder 8 gm. (or 350 
grains), alcohol and water each a sufficient quantity. The mag- 
nesium carbonate is to be mixed intimately with 30 gm. (or 3 
ounces) of citric acid and 4 Cc. (or 3 fl. drachms) of distilled water 
so as to form a thick pasty mass. This is to be dried at a tem- 
perature not exceeding 30 C. (86° F.), and reduced to a fine 
powder; it is then to be intimately mixed with the sugar and the 
sodium bicarbonate and the remainder of the citric acid previous- 
ly finely powdered. The powder is then to be dampened with a 
sufficient quantity of alcohol to form a mass, which is to be rubbed 
through a tinned-iron sieve and then dried by geniU heat and 
reduced to a coarse granular powder. <U. S., p 250. F C F, p ^-\ 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 



This must be kept in well closed vessels, as it deliquesces on exposure to the air. 
It is soluble in 2 parts of water, with effervescence, caused by evolution of C0 3 . 
In powdered form, similar preparations have been very popular proprietary medi- 
cines, as Tarrant's Effervescing Seltzer Aperient, and manufacturing pharmacists 
have introduced similar granular salts which have been quite popular. The dose, 
as a laxative is from I to 3 teaspoonfuls in part of a glass of water. 

MAGNESII SULPHAS. Magnesium Sulphate. Epsom Salt. 
MgS0 4 + 7 H 2 0. 

Soluble in 1.5 parts of water at N T., and 0.7 of boiling water; insoluble in alco- 
hol. <U. S., p 250. FCF, p6oi. 

MAGNESII SULPHIS. Sulphite of Magnesium. This salt which was offi- 
cial in the 1880 Pharm., is now dismissed. <F C F, p 601. 

MALTUM. Malt. This was official in the 1880 Pharm., but is now dismissed. 
<F C F, p 603. 

MANGANI DIOXIDUM. Manganese Dioxide. Mangani Ox- 
idum Nigrum, Pharm. 1880. Black Oxide of Manganese. 
"Native crude Manganese Dioxide, containing at least 66 percent. 
of the pure dioxide, MriO a ." <U. S., p 251. F C F, p 614. 

It is insoluble in water or alcohol, It combines, when heated with some acids 
and other substances, forming salts of manganese and liberating oxygen. 

MANGANI SULPHAS. Manganese Sulphate. Manganous 
Sulphate. MnS0 4 4-4?I Q 0. 

Soluble in 0.8 part of water at N T., and in 1 part of boiling water; insoluble in 
alcohol, 

MASSA COPAIBA. Mass of Copaiba. Solidified Copaibv. 
In the present Pharm. the formula is changed by the addition of a 
little water, and the manipulation by the application of heat. 
Copaiba 94 gm. (or 1 ounce), magnesia 6 gm. (or 28 grains). The 
magnesia is to be triturated with a little water in a capsule until it 
is uniformly dampened throughout. The copaiba is then to be 
added gradually and thoroughly mixed, and the mixture heated 
during half an hour, stirring frequently. It is then transferred to 
a suitable vessel or jar until it has acquired a pilular consistence. 

This has been formerly known as Pilulae Copaiba?. 

MASSA FERRI CARBONATIS. Mass of Ferrous Carbonate. 

Vallet's Mass. The formula for this preparation is the same as 
before, except that metric weight is directed instead of parts. 
Ferrous sulphate in clear crystals 100 gm. (or 4 ounces), sodium 
carbonate 100 gm. (or 4 ounces), clarified honey 38 gm. (or i 1 /?, 
ounces), sugar, in coarse powder, 25 gm. (or 1 ounce), syrup and 
distilled water of each a sufficient quantity. The ferrous sulphate 
and the sodium carbonate are each to be dissolved separately in 



104 FENKERS HAND-BOOK OF 

200 Cc. (or 8 ounces) of boiling distilled water, and after adding 
20 Cc. (or I fl. ounce) of syrup to the iron solution, both solutions 
are to be separately filtered. The sodium carbonate solution is 
then to be poured into a bottle of about 500 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces) 
capacity, and the iron solution gradually added, allowing the car- 
bonic acid gas to escape; then enough distilled water is added to 
fill the bottle and the precipitate is allowed to subside. It is then 
to be washed thoroughly with distilled water mixed with 5 per 
cent., by volume, (19 — 1) of syrup, until the washings have no 
saline taste, and the precipitate is then to be drained on a muslin 
strainer, expressed as dry as possible, mixed at once with the 
honey and sugar, and the mixture evaporated in a tared capsule by 
means of a water-bath with constant stirring until it is reduced to 
100 gm. (or 4 ounces). <U. S., p 253. F C F, p 616. 
This was known in the 1870 Pharm. as Pilula Ferri Carbonatis. 

MASSA HYDRARGYRI. Mass of Mercury. Pilula Hy- 
drargyri. Blue Mass. Blue Pill. The formula for this re- 
mains unchanged except that metric weight is directed instead of 
parts. Mercury $■$ gm. (or 1 ounce av. -|- 145 grains), glycyrrhiza 
in No. 60 powder 5 gm. (or 88 grains), althaea in No. 60 powder 
25 gm. (or 6 ounce av), glycerin 3 gm. (or 53 grains), honey of 
rose 34 gm. (or 1 ounce av. --J- 58 grains). ' The mercury is to be 
triturated with the honey of rose and glycerin until it is extin- 
guished. The glycyrrhiza and althaea are then to be added grad- 
ually and the trituration continued until globules of mercury are 
no longer visible under a lens magnifying at least 10 diameters. 

MEL DESPUMATUM. Clarified Honey. The present formula 
and process for clarified honey is entirely different than before. 
Honey a convenient quantity, glycerin a convenient quantity. 
The honey is to be intimately mixed with 2 per cent, of its weight 
of paper-pulp, which has been previously reduced to shreds, 
thoroughly washed and soaked in water, and then strongly ex- 
pressed and again shredded. This is to be placed in a capsule or 
other convenient vessel and heat applied by water-bath, and so 
long as any scum arises to the surface it is to be removed. Finally 
enough distilled water is added to make up for loss of weight by 
evaporation and the honey is strained and mixed with 5 per cent, 
of its weight of glycerin. <U. S., p 256. F C F, p 618. 

MEL ROS^. Honey of Rose. In the present Pharm. fluid 
extract of rose is taken in place of making an extract as directed 
in the .former Pharm. Fluid extract of rose 120 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), # 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. I05 

clarified honey a sufficient quantity to make iooo gm. (or 8% 
ounces av). The fluid extract is put into a weighed bottle and 
enough clarified honey added to make the weight of the contents 
iooo gm. (or S 1 /^ ounces av). <U. S., p 256. F C F, p 618. 

MENTHOL. Menthol. C 10 H 19 OH. new. "A stearopten (having 
the character of a secondary alcohol) obtained from the official 
oil of peppermint (from mentha piperita) or from Japanese or 
Chinese oil of peppermint (from mentha arvensis). <U. S., p 258. 
F C F, p 649. 

Menthol varies somewhat in odor and appearance of its crystals, depending upon 
its source. It is only very slightly soluble in water, but dissolves freely in alcohol 
ether, chloroform or glacial acetie acid. It melts at 43°C. (io4°F.), and boils at 
2I2°C. (413. 6°F.), and slowly volatilizes at ordinary temperature. With an equal 
weight of camphor, thymol or chloral hydrate it forms a liquid. It was first gener- 
ally introduced in the form of menthol cones or pencils which were applied for head- 
ache and neuralgia, by rubbing over the surface. It is now considerably used as 
an application in either cones or pencils, ointments, liniments or solutions, and also 
given internally in solution, in doses of ]/ z to 2 grains. It is also used by inhala- 
tion for various ailments. 

METHYL SALICYLAS. Methyl Salicylate. Artificial (or 
synthetic) Oil of Wixtergreen. CH 3 C 5 H 7 3 . new. "Methyl 
salicylate produced synthetically." <U. S., p 258. F C F, 
p 620, 736. 

This "artificial oil of wintergreen" is now extensively used in the place of the 
natural oil, and is almost identical with it in composition and characteristics. It is 
wholly identical with volatile oil of Betula (Birch), which is also extensively sold 
for oil of wintergreen, Its sp. gr. is 1,183-5 at N T. It is soluble in all propor- 
tions in alcohol and glacial acetic acid, but only slightly soluble in water. 

MISTUR^E. Mixtures. In the Mixtures which were official in the former 
Pharm, a great transformation has taken place. Mistura Ammoniaci, Mistura 
Amygdala, Mistura Asafostidce, and Mistura Chloroform i have been transferred 
to the class Emulsa, (which see), Mistura Ferri et Ainmotiii Acelatis, (Bas/iam's 
Mixture), and Mistura Potassii Citratis, {Neutral Mixture) have been transferred 
to Liquors, (which see) and Mistura Magnesii et Asafcelida has been dismissed. 
In most of the mixtures which have been retained, important changes have been 
made, for which see the formulas. 

MISTURA CRET.E. Chalk Mixture. Compound chalk pow- 
der 200 gm. (or 1 ounce), cinnamon water, 400 Cc. (or 2 ounces), 
water a sufficient quantity to make iooo gm. (or 5 ounces). The 
compound chalk powder is to be rubbed in a mortar with the cin- 
namon water, and about 200 Cc. (or 1 ounce) of water gradually 
added, until a uniform mixture results. This is then to be trans- 
ferred to a graduated vessel, the mortar rinsed with water, and 
sufficient water added to make the product measure iooo Cc. (or 



106 fenner's hand-book of 

5 ounces). The preparation should be freshly made for use, 
hence the small quantities directed. <U. S., p 259. FCF, p 623. 

MISTURA FERRI COMPOSITA. Compound Iron Mixture. 
Griffith's Mixture. Ferrous sulphate in clear crystals 6 gm. 
(or 15 grains), myrrh in small pieces 18 gm. (or 45 grains), sugar 
18 gm. (or 45 grains), potassium carbonate 8 gm. (or 20 grains), 
spirit of lavender 60 Cc. (or 2^ fl. drachms), rose water a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 5^ fl. ounces). 

The myrrh, sugar and potassium carbonate are to be rubbed in 
a mortar with 700 Cc. (or 4 ounces) of rose water, at first very 
gradually, so that a uniform mixture may result. This is then to 
be transferred to a graduated vessel, the spirit of lavender and 
the ferrous sulphate, previously dissolved in about 50 Cc. (or y^ 
ounce) of water added, and to the whole enough rose water 
to make 1000 Cc. (or 5^ fl. ounces). This preparation should be 
freshly made when wanted for use; hence the small quantity di- 
rected to be made. <U. S., p 259. F C F, p 223. 

MISTURA GLYCYRRHIZ^E COMPOSITA. Compound Mix- 
ture of Glycyrrhiza. Brown Mixture. Pure extract of glycyrrh- 
izse 50 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), syrup 50 Cc. (or 1^ fl. ounce), muci- 
lage of acacia 100 Cc. (or 3^ fl.ounces), camphorated tincture of 
opium 120 Cc. (or 4 fl.ounces), wine of antimony 60 Cc. (or 2 fl. 
ounces), spirit of nitrous ether 30 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), water, a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or ^Vi fl-ounces). 

The extract is to be rubbed in a mortar with 500 Cc. (or 16 fl. 
ounces) of water until it is dissolved, and the solution transferred 
to a graduated vessel containing the other ingredients. The mor- 
tar is to be rinsed with water and added, and then enough water 
added to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or SoVz fl.ounces). <U. S., 
p 260. F C F, p 624. 

MISTURA RHEI ET SOD^E. Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda. 
This preparation is quite different in the present Pharm. from the 
former. Sodium bicarbonate 35 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), fluid extract 
of rhubarb 15 Cc. (or 3^ fl. drachms), fluid extract of ipecac 3 Cc. 
(or 30 minims), glycerin 350 Cc. (or 10 fl.ounces), Spirit of pepper- 
mint 35 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), water a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. (or 28^ fl.ounces). 

The sodium bicarbonate is to be dissolved in about 400 Cc. (or 
ny 2 fl.ounces) of water, the other ingredients added to the solu- 
tion, and then enough water to make 1000 Cc. (or 28^ fl.ounces). 
•<U. S., *• 260. F C F, p 626, 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. I07 

The fluid extract of ipecac and the glycerin, are entirely new additions to this 
preparation. 

MORPHINA. Morphine. C 17 H J9 NO a + H 2 0. "An alkaloid 
obtained from opium." <U. S., p 261. F C F, p 199, 666. 

The alkaloid morphine is soluble in 4350 parts of water at N T, and in 300 parts 
of alcohol. It forms salts with acids which are quite soluble. This was the first 
alkaloid discovered. 

MORPHINE ACETAS. Morphine Acetate. C„H 19 N0 a C 1 H 4 ] ,+ 

3H 2 0. 

This salt of morphine is soluble in 2.5 parts of water, and in 47.6 parts of alco- 
hol at N T. This is the most soluble morphine salt. 

MORPHINE HYDROCHLORAS. Morphine Hydrochlorate. 

Morphine Muriate. C 17 H ]9 N0 3 HC1 + 3B.fi. 

Soluble in 24 parts of water and in 62 parts of alcohol at N T., and in 0.5 part 
of boiling- water, and in 31 parts of boiling alcohol. U. S., p 262. F C F. p 121. 

MORPHINE SULPHAS. Morphine Sulphate. (C It H M NO,), 
H\,S0 4 + 5 H,0. 

This is the best known and mosr <sed salt of morphine. It is soluble in 21 parts 
of water and in 702 parts of alcohol at N T., and in 0.75 part of boiling water or 
144 parts oi boiling alcohol. It is almost insoluble in ether. <U. S., p 262. 
F C F, p 121. 

MUCILAGINES. Mucilages. No change is made in the new Pharm. in this 
class of preparations but the dismissal of Mucilago Cydonii. For other mucilages 
<F C F, p 630. 

MUCILAGO ACACIjE. Mucilage of Acacia. Acacia, in small 
fragments, 340 gm. (or 3.4 ounces), water, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 gm. (or 10 ounces). 

The acacia is to be washed with cold water and drained, then 
enough water is to be added to make the weight 1000 gm. (or 10 
ounces), stirring occassionally until the acacia is dissolved. It is 
to be kept in well-stoppered bottles, completely filled, in a cool 
place. <U, S., p 263. F C F, p 630. 

MUCILAGO SASSAFRAS MEDULLA. Mucilage of Sassafras 
Pith. Sassafras pith 2 gm. (or 30 grains), water 100 Cc. (or 3^ 
fl. ounces). 

The sassafras pith is to be macerated in the water during 3 
hours and strained. It should be freshly made when wanted. < 
U. S., p 263. F C F, p 631. 

MUCILAGO TRAGACANTHjE. Mucilage of Tragacanth. 
Tragacanth 6 gm. (or 90 grains), glycerin 18 gm. (or 240 grains), 
water a sufficient quantity to make 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av. -f- 187 
grains). The glycerin is to be mixed with 75 Cc. (or 2 ounces) of 



io8 fenner's hand-book of 

water in a tared (weighed) capsule, and heated to boiling. The 
tragacanth is then to be added and allowed to macerate during 
24 hours, stirring occasionally. Enough water is then to be added 
to make the mixture weigh 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av.-f- J %7 grains), 
and it is to be beaten to a uniform consistence and strained forci- 
bly through muslin. <U. S., p 264. F C F, p 632. 

MUCILAGO ULMI. Mucilage of Elm. Elm, bruised, 6 gm. 
(or Yz ounce), water 100 Cc. (or 8 ounces). The elm is to be 
digested with the water on a water-bath, in a covered vessel during 
one hour and then strained. It should be freshly made when 
wanted. <U. S., p 365. F C F, p 633. 

NAPHTALINUM. Naphtalin. Naphtalene. new. "A hy- 
drocarbon obtained from coal-tar." <U. S., p 265. F C F, p 694 

It will be noted that the Pharm. adopts a different spelling for the name of this 
substance than is given it commercially (naphthalin or naphthalene). 

This new official has been well known for some time in commerce as Moth Cam- 
phor, Coal-tar Camphor, Etc. It is made in flakes, and in cakes and balls and is 
commonly used for moths, and as a disinfectant; also used in ointments and lotions 
for parasitis, etc. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in 15 parts of alcohol at N 
T., and very soluble in ether, chloroform and oils. It volatilizes slowly at ordinary 
temperature, and rapidly when heated. It melts at 8o°C. (i76°F.), and boils at 
2i8°C. (424. 4°F.), its vapor is inflammable. 

NAPHTOL. Naphtol. Beta-Naphtol. C ]0 H 7 OH. new. "A 
phenol occurring in coal-tar, but usually prepared artificially from 
naphtalin." <U. S., p 265. F C F, p 

It will be noted that the Pharm. adopts a different spelling for the name of this 
substance than is given to it commercially, (naphthol). 

Soluble in about 1000 parts of water and in o 75 part of alcohol at N T.; also 
very soluble in ether, chloroform, or solutions of the caustic alkalies. It readily 
sublimes when heated; it melts at I22°C. (25r.6°F.), and boils at 286°C. (546. 8°F.). 
This is used for similar purposes as the foregoing, in the form of ointments, solu- 
tions, etc. It has also been given internally in doses of 5 to 8 grains, in typhus 
fever and obstinate diarrhoea. 

OLEATA. Oleates. In the new Pharm, one oleate Oleatum Zinci, has been 
added and oleate of mercury has been doubled in strength; only 3 oleates are offi. 
cial. For other oleates, of which there are more than a score, <F C F, p 655 to 

659 

OLEATUM HYDRARGYRUM. Oleate of Mercury. Yellow 
mercuric oxide thoroughly dried 200 gm. (or 2 ounces), oleic acid 
800 gm. (or 8 ounces). The oleic acid is to be put into a capa- 
cious mortar and to it the yellow mercuric oxide is to be gradually 
added by sifting it upon the surface of the acid, with which it is to 
be incorporated by constant stirring. The mixture is then to be 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 109 

set aside in a warm place at a temperature not exceeding 40 C. 
(104 F.), and frequently stirred until the oxide is dissolved. 
<U. S., p 267. F C F, p 656. 

It will be observed that this preparation is double the strength of mercury, (20 
per cent,), of the former official (10 per cent.), and that the manipulation is quite 
different than before. 

OLEATUM VERATRINE. Oleate of Veratrine. Veratrine 2 
gm. (or 10 grains), oleic acid 98 gm. (or 490 grains). The veratrine 
(alkaloid) is to be rubbed with a small quantity of oleic acid in a 
warm mortar to a smooth paste, and then the remainder of the 
oleic acid, previously warmed, is to be added and the mixture fre- 
quently stirred until the veratrine is dissolved. <U. S., p 266. 
F C F, p 656. 

OLEATUM ZINCI. Oleate of Zinc. new. Zinc oxide 50 gm. 
(or Yz ounce), oleic acid 950 gm. (or 9^ ounces). The oleic acid 
is to be put into a capacious capsule and the zinc oxide gradually 
added by sifting it upon the surface of the acid with which it is to 
be incorporated by constant stirring. The mixture is to be set 
aside for a few hours, then heated on a water-bath, frequently 
stirring, until the oxide is dissolved. <U. S.,p 267. F C F, p 659 

OLEORESINiE. Oleoresins. No change is made in this class of preparations, 
but it should be remembered, that the ether now directed is the new official ether 
(96 per cent), nearly corresponding to the 1880 stronger ether and not the eiher (74 
per cent.), of the former Pharm. 

OLEORESINA ASPIDII. Oleoresin of Aspidium. Aspidium 
recently reduced to No. 60 powder, 500 gm. (or 1 pound), ether a 
sufficient quantity. The aspidium is to be exhausted in a suitable, 
closely-covered percolator, arranged with a stop-cock, by perco- 
lating with ether. The greater part of the ether is to be recovered 
by distillation and the residue transferred to a capsule and the 
remaining ether allowed to evaporate spontaneously. The oleo- 
resin which remains is to be kept in a closely-stoppered bottle, and 
shaken before using. <U. S., p 267. F C F, p 660. 

OLEORESIN CAPSICI. Oleoresin of Capsicum. Capsicum in 
No. 60 powder, 500 gm. (or 1 pound), ether a sufficient quantity. 
The capsicum is to be percolated with ether in a suitable, closely 
covered percolator arranged with a stop-cock, until exhausted. 
The greater part of the ether is to be recovered by distillation 
and the remainder allowed to evaporate spontaneously from the 
residue placed in a capsule. The liquid portion is then to be 
poured off, the remainder strained, and the strained portion added 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



to the poured off liquid, rejecting the fatty residue left on the 
strainer. <U. S., p 267. F C F, p 661. 

OLEORESINA CUBEB^E. Oleoresin of Cubeb. Cubeb in No. 
30 powder 500 gm. (or 1 pound), ether a sufficient quantity. The 
cubeb is to be percolated with ether in a closely covered percola- 
tor arranged with a stop-cock, until exhausted. The greater por- 
tion of the ether is to be recovered by distillation and the re- 
mainder allowed to evaporate spontaneously from the residue 
placed in a capsule. The oleoresin which remains is to be kept in 
a well-stopped bottle and the liquid portion only used. <U. S., p 
268. F C F, p 661. 

OLEORESINA LUPULINI. Oleoresin of Lupulin. Lupulin 
100 gm. (or 4 ounces), ether a sufficient quantity. The lupulin is 
to be percolated with ether in a suitable closely covered perco- 
lator, arranged with a stop-cock, until exhausted.- The greater 
part of the ether is to be recovered by distillation and the remain- 
der allowed to evaporate spontaneously from the residue placed 
in a capsule, and the oleoresin, which remains, kept in a well- 
stopped bottle. <U. S., p 268. F C F, p 661. 

OLEORESINA PIPERIS. Oleoresin of Pepper. Pepper in No. 
60 powder 500 gm. (or 1 pound), ether a sufficient quantity. The 
pepper is to be percolated with ether in a suitable closely covered 
percolator, arranged with a stop-cock, until exhausted. The 
greater part of the ether is to be recovered by distillation, and the 
remainder allowed to evaporate spontaneously from a capsule. 
The oleoresin is then to be separated from the piperin, which has 
deposited, by straining through muslin with pressure, and kept in 
a well-stopped bottle. <U. S., p 269. F C F, p 661. 

OLEORESINA ZINGIBERIS. Oleoresin of Ginger. Ginger in 
No. 60 powder 500 gm. (or 1 pound), ether a sufficient quantity. 
The ginger is to be percolated with ether in a suitable closely 
covered percolator provided with a stop-cock, until exhausted. 
The greater part of the ether is then to be recovered by distilla- 
tion, and the remainder allowed to evaporate spontaneously from 
a capsule, leaving the oleoresin, which should be kept in a well- 
stopped bottle. <U. S., p 269. F C F, p 661. 

OLEA. Oils. In the new Pharm. three oils have been added, Oleum Betulcr 
Volatile, Oleum Cadinum, and Oleum Terebinthince Rectified turn, and four dis- 
missed, Oleum Lavc7idtil(Z, Olettm Rutce, Oleum Succiui and Oleum Valeriance, 
otherwise no changes of importance have been made. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA, 



OLEUM ADIPIS. Lard Oil. "A fixed oil expressed from lard 

at low temperature." <U. S., p 269. F C F, p 638. 

Sp. gr. 0.910 to 0.920 at N T. At a little below io : C. (so c F.), it deposits 
white, granular, fatty particles, and at near o°C. (32" F.) it forms a semi-solid 
white mass. 

OLEUM jETHEREUM. Etherial Oil. "A volatile liquid con- 
sisting of equal volumes of heavy oil of wine and ether." Alcohol 
1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), sulphuric acid 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), 
distilled water 25 Cc. (or 2)2 fl. ounces), ether a sufficient quantity. 
The acid is to be added slowly to the alcohol, 'mixing them 
thoroughly after each addition, and the mixture is allowed to 
stand in a closed flask for 24 hours or until the liquid is clear. 
The clear liquid is then to be poured into a tubulated retort of 
such capacity that the mixture shall nearly fill it. A thermometer 
is to be inserted through the tubelature so that the bulb shall be 
deeply immersed in the liquid, and, having connected the retort 
with a well-cooled condenser, and also having connected with the 
receiver a bent glass tube for conducting the uncondensed gases 
into water, heat is to be applied by means of a sand-bath to be- 
tween 150 and 160 C. (302° - 320° F.), and the liquid distilled 
until oily drops cease to come over, or until a black froth, which 
forms on the surface, begins to rise in the retort. The yellow 
etherial liquid is then to be separated from the distillate and ex- 
posed in a shallow capsule to the air for 24 hours. It is then to 
be transferred to a wetted filter and when the watery portion has 
drained off, the oil which is left on the filter is to be washed with 
the distilled water, which should be as cold as possible. When 
this also has drained off the oil is to be transferred to a graduated 
measure and to it an equal volume of ether added. It is then to 
be preserved in small glass-stopped vials in a cool place. <U. 
S., p 270. F C F, p 82. 

This is directed to be used in making spiritus letheris compositus or Hoffman's 
anodyne. It is seldom prepared by druggists. Sp. gr. 0.910 at N T. 

OLEUM AMYGDALjE AMAR.E. Oil of Bitter Almond. "A 

volatile oil obtained from bitter almond by maceration with water 
and subsequent distillation." <U. S., p 271. F C F, p 645. 

The sp. gr. of this oil is 1.060 to 1.070 at X T. ; it boils at about iSo'C. (356°F.) 
It is soluble in 300 parts of water at X T. and in alcohol or ether in all proportions. 

OLEUM AMYGDALA EXPRESSUM. Expressed Oil of Al- 
mond. "A fixed oil expressed from bitter or sweet almond," <U. 
S„ p 271. FCF ?P 6 3 8. 



112 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



Sp. gr. 0.915 to 0.920 at N T. Almost insoluble in alcohol; soluble in chloro- 
form in all proportions. It remains clear at — io°C. (i4°F.), and does not congeal 
until near — 2o°C. (- 4°F.). 

OLEUM ANISI. Oil of Anise. "A volitile oil distilled from 
anise." <U. S., p 272. F C F, p 646. 

The sp. gr. of this oil is about 0.980 to 0.990 at N T. It solidifies to a white, 
crystalline mass between io° and I5°C. (50 to 59°F.) and is, therefore, in Winter, 
often seen in a solid condition. 

OLEUM AURANTII CORTICIS. Oil of Orange Peel. "A 

volatile oil obtained by expression from the fresh peel of either 
the bitter orange, Citrus vulgaris, or the sweet orange, Citrus 
Aurantium" <U. S., p 272. F C F, p 646. 

Sp. gr. about 0.850 at N T. Soluble in about 4 times its weight of alcohol, and 
in an equal volume of glacial acetic acid, Should be kept in small, full bottles, in 
a cool, dark place. 

OLEUM AURANTII FLORUM. Oil of Orange Flowers. Oil 

of Neroli. "A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of the 
bitter orange, Citrus vulgaris." <U. S., p 273. FCF, p 646. 
Sp. gr. 0.875 to 0.890 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol. 

OLEUM BERGAMOTT^E. Oil of Bergamot. Oleum Ber- 
gamii, Pharm. 1880. "A volatile oil obtained by expression from 
the rind of the fresh fruit of Citrus Berganria." <U. S., p 273. F C 
F, p 646. 

Note the change in the Latin title. Sp. gr. 0.875 to 0.890 at N T. Soluble in 
2 volumes of alcohol and in all proportions in glacial acetic acid, 

OLEUM BETULA VOLATILE. Volatile Oil of Betula. Oil 

of Sweet Birch, new. U A volatile oil obtained by distillation 
from the bark of Betula lenta y (sweet birch)." <U. S., p 274. F 
C F, p 652. 

This oil is identical with methyl salicylate, CH3C7H6O3, and is nearly identical 
with oil of gaultheria, for which it is largely substituted in commerce. Sp. gr. 
about 1. 1 83 at N T. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol and glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM CADINUM. Oil of Cade. Oleum Juniperi Empyreu- 
maticum. "A product of the dry distillation of the wood of Juni- 
perus Oxycedrus" <U. S., p 274. F C F, p 648. 

This is frequently called juniper tar. Sp. gr. about 0.990 at N T, Almost in- 
soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol, and completely soluble in ether or 
chloroform. 

OLEUM CAJUPUTI. Oil of Cajuput. "A volatile oil distilled 
from the leaves of Melaleuca Leucadendron." <U. S., p 274. F 

C F, p 646. 

Sp. gr. 0.922 to 0.929 at N T, Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 113 

OLEUM CARI. Oil of Caraway. "A volatile oil distilled 
from caraway." <U. S., p 275. F C F, p 647. 

Sp. gr. o.gio to 0.920 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol. 

OLEUM CAROPHYLLI. Oil of Cloves. "A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from cloves." <U. S., p 275. F C F, p 647. 

Sp. gr. r.060 to 1.067 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol or glacial 
acetic acid. 

OLEUM CHENOPODII. Oil of Chenopodium. Oil of Ameri- 
can Wormseed. "A volatile oil distilled from Chenopodium." 
<U. S, p 275. FCF,p 6 47 . 

Sp. gr. about 0.970 at N T. Soluble in alcohol or in a mixture of 3 volumes of 
alcohol with one volume of water, to the extent of 10 per cent. 

OLEUM CINNAMOMI. Oil of Cinnamon. Oil of Cassia. "A 
volatile oil distilled from Cassia Cinnamon." <U. S., p 276. F 
C F, p 647. 

Sp. gr. 1.055 to 1.065 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol or glaciaj 
acetic acid. 

OLEUM COPAIBA. Oil of Copaiba. "A volatile oil distilled 
from Copaiba." <U. S., p 276. F C F, p 647. 

Sp. gr. 0.890 to 0.910 at N T , increasing with age. Soluble in about 10 times 
its volume of alcohol, forming a slightly turbid liquid. 

OLEUM CORIANDRI. Oil of Coriander. "A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from Coriander." <U. S., p 276. FCF, p 647. 

Sp. gr. 0.870 to 0.885 at N T. Soluble in alcohol and in a mixture of 3 volumes 
of alcohol to 1 volume of water, to the extent of 10 per cent. Also soluble in an 
equal volume of glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM CUBEB.E. Oil of Cubeb. "A volatile oil distilled 
from Cubeb." <U. S., p 277. F C F, p 647. 

Sp. gr. about 0.920 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol. 

OLEUM ERIGERONTIS. Oil of Erigeron. Oil of Fleabane. 
"A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering herb of Erigeron 
Canadense." <U. S., p 277. F C F, p 647. 

Sp. gr. about 0.850 at N T., increasing with age. Soluble in an equal volume 
of alcohol, or glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM EUCALYPTI. Oil of Eucalyptus. "A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from the fresh leaves of Euca'yptus globulus, Eucalyptus oleosa, 
and some other species. <U. S., p 277. F C F, p 648. 

Sp. gr. 0.915 to 0,925 at N T. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, carbon di- 
sulphide, or glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM FCENICULI. Oil of Fennel. "A volatile oil distilled 
from fennel. It should be kept in well-stopped bottles, in a cool 
place, and if it has partly or wholly solidified, it should be com- 



114 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

pletely liquified by warming before being dispensed." <U. S., p 

278. FCF,p 648. 

Sp. gr. not less than 0.960 at N T. It usv illy solidifies between 5 and io°C # 
(41 and 5o°F.), but occasionally remains liquid at a much lower temperature. It 
is soluble in an equal volume of alcohol or glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM GAULTHERIA. Oil of Gaultheria. Oil of Winter- 
green. "A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Gaultheria 
procumbens (wintergreen) consisting almost entirely of methyl 
salicylate, CH 3 C,H 6 3 , and nearly identical with volatile oil of 
betula." <U, S„ p 278. FCF,p 648. 

Sp. gr. 1. 175 to 1. 185 at N T., boiling point 218 to 22i°C. (424.4 to 429.8^.). 
Soluble in all proportions in alcohol or glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM GOSSYPII SEMINIS. Cotton Seed Oil. "A fixed oil 
expressed from the seed of Gossypium herbaceum, and other species 
of Gossypinm and subsequently purified. <U. S., p 278. F C F 
p6 3 8. 

Sp. gr. 0.920 to 0.930 at N T. Almost insoluble in alcohol, but readily soluble 
in ether, chloroform and carbon disulphide. 

OLEUM HEDEOMA. Oil of Hedeoma. Oil of Pennyroyal. 
"A volatile oil distilled from Hedeoma (pennyroyal)." <U. S., p 

279. F C F, p 648. 

Sp. gr. about 0.930 to 0.940. Soluble in alcohol and in a mixture of alcohol 3 
parts with water 1 part, Also readily soluble in carbon disulphide or glacial acetic 
acid. 

OLEUM JUNIPERI. Oil of Juniper. "A volatile oil distilled 
from the fruit of Junipcrus communis." <U. S., p 279. FCF, 

p 648. 

Sp. gr. 0.850 to 0.890 at N T. Soluble in 4 times its volume of alcohol, making 
a somewhat turbid liquid; also soluble in an equal volume of carbon disulphide. 

OLEUM LAVENDULA FLORUM. Oil of Lavender Flowers. 

"A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of Lavendula Offi- 
cinalis." <U, S., p 280. F C F, p 648. 

Sp. gr. 0.885 to 0.890 at N T. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, and in 3 
times its volume of a mixture of 3 volumes of alcohol with 1 volume of water; also 
soluble in glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM LIMONIS. Oil of Lemon. "A volatile oil obtained 
by expression from fresh lemon peel." <U. S., p 280. F C F, p 

648. 

Sp. gr. 0.858 to 0.859 at N T. Soluble in 3 times its volume of alcohol, also 
soluble in all proportions in absolute alcohol, carbon disulphide and glacial acetic 
acid. This oil should be kept in small bottles, completely filled and in a dark cool place. 

OLEUM LINI. Linseed Oil. Oil of Flaxseed. "A fixed oil 



THE U.S. PHARMACOPOEIA. I15 

expressed from linseed, without the aid of heat." <U. S., p 280. 
F C F, p 638. 

Druggists are obliged to use such linseed oil as is found in the market, which, 
being made by patented processes, for painting, rarely meets the requirements of 
the Pharm. Sp. gr. 0.930 to 0.940 at NT. Soluble in about 10 parts of absolute 
alcohol, and in all proportions in ether, chloroform, benzin, carbon disulphide and 
oil of turpentine. 

OLEUM MENTHA PIPERITA. Oil of Peppermint. "A vol- 
atile oil distilled from peppermint." <U. S., p 281. F C F, p 649 

Sp. gr. 0.900 to 0.920 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol, but be- 
coming somewhat turbid when a larger proportion is added. Soluble in all propor- 
tions in carbon disulphide and glacial acetic acid. When exposed to a very low 
temperature for 15 minutes or more, it becomes cloudy and deposits crystals of 
menthol. 

OLEUM MENTHA VIRIDIS. Oil of Spearmint. "A volatile 
oil distilled from spearmint." <U. S., p 282. F C F, p 649. 

Sp. gr. 0.930 to 0.940 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol, but be- 
coming somewhat turbid when a larger proportion is added; also soluble in an equal 
volume of glacial acetic acid, and with half its volume of carbon disulphide. 

OLEUM MORRHU^. Cod Liver Oil. Oleum Jecoris Aselli. 
"A fixed oil obtained from the fresh livers of Gadus Morrhua, and 
of other species of Gadus." <U. S., p 282. F C F, p 639. 

Sp. gr. 0.920 to 0.925 at N T. Almost insoluble in alcohol, but readily soluble 
in ether, chloroform, or carbon disulphide. The best qualities are obtained from 
the coast of Norway. 

OLEUM MYRCLE. Oil of Myrcia. Oil of Bay. "A volatile 
oil distilled from the leaves of Myrcia acris." <U. S., p 283. F 
C F, p 649. 

Sp. gr. 0.975 to 0.990 at N T. Its solution in an equal volume of alcohol or 
glacial acetic acid is somewhat turbid. When mixed with an equal volume of con- 
centrated solution of sodium hydrate it forms a semi-solid mass. It is much used 
fur making bay rum, and as a flavoring in hair oils, etc. 

OLEUM MYRISTICiE. Oil of Nutmeg. "A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from nutmeg." <U. S., p 283. F C F, p 649 

Sp. gr. 0.870 to 0.900 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol, or glacial 
acetic acid and in all proportions in carbon disulphide. 

OLEUM OLIVE. Olive Oil. "A fixed oil expressed from the 
ripe fruit of Oka Europcea." <U. S., p 284. F C F, p 639. 

The Pharm. recognizes only the pale-yellow or the light greenish-yellow oil, but 
it is often found in the market, of a pronounced greenish shade. Sp. gr. 0.915 to 
o 918 at N T.; almost insoluble in a'cohol, but readily soluble in ether, cholorform, 
or carbon disulphide. When cooled to about ro°C. (5o°F.), the oil begins to be- 
come cloudy from crystallization, and at o°C. (32°F.), it becomes a whitish, granu- 
lar mass. 



u6 fenner's hand-book of 

OLEUM PHOSPHORATUM. Phosphorated Oil. Phosphorus i 
gm. (or i ounce), expressed oil of almond, ether, each a sufficient 
quantity. Into a flask put a quantity of expressed oil of almond 
and heat it on a sand-bath to 250 C. (482 F.), and keep it at that 
temperature for 15 minutes. Allow it to cool and filter it. Take 
90 gm. (or 9 ounces) of the filtered oil, together with the phos- 
phorus previously well dried by filtering paper, and put them 
into a dry, tared (weighed) bottle capable of holding about 120 
Cc. (or 12 ounces), stop closely and heat the bottle in a water-bath 
until the phosphorus melts, then agitate it until the phosphorus 
dissolves, allow it to cool, add enough ether to make the mixture 
weigh 100 gm. and agitate it again, and finally transfer the solu- 
tion to small glass-stoppered vials, which should be completely 
filled and kept in a cool and dark place. <U. S., p 284. F C F, 
p 640. 

OLEUM PICIS LIQUIDS. Oil of Tar. "A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from tar." <U. S., p 285. F C F, p 649. 

Sp. gr. about 0.970 at N T. Soluble in alcohol, its solution having an acid re- 
action. 

OLEUM PIMENTO. Oil of Allspice. "A volatile oil distilled 
from pimenta." <U. S., p 285. F C F, p 649. 

Sp. gr. 1.045 to 1.055 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol, or glacial 
acetic acid. When mixed with an equal volume of a concentrated solution of so- 
dium hydrate, it forms a semi-solid mass. 

OLEUM RICINI. Castor Oil. "A fixed oil expressed from the 
seed of Ricinus communis." <U. S., p 286. F'C F, p 629. 

Sp. gr. 0.950 to 0.970 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol, and in 
all proportions in absolute alcohol or in glacial acetic acid. When cooled to o°C. 
(32°F.) it becomes turbid, and at — i8°C. ( — 4°F) congeals to a yellowish mass. 

OLEUM ROSiE. Oil of Rose. "A volatile oil distilled from 
the fresh flowers of Rosa damascena" It should be kept in well- 
stoppered vials in a cool place, protected from light. When dis- 
pensed it should be completely liquified by warming, if necessary, 
and well mixed by agitation. <U. S., p 286. F C F, p 650. 

Sp. gr. 0.865 to 0.8S0 at 26°C. (68°F.). It is slightly soluble in alcohol. At 
ordinary temperature oil of rose is wholly or partially crystallized, but becomes 
liquid when the temperature is raised to about S5 to go°F. 

OLEUM ROSMARINI. Oil of Rosmary. "A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis." <U. S., p 287. 
F C F, p 650. 

Sp. gr. 0.895 to 0,915 at N T, Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol, or glacial 
acetic acid. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 1*7 



OLEUM SABINE. Oil of Savin. "A volatile oil distilled from 
savine." <U. S., p 287. F C F, p 650. 

Sp. gr. 0.910 to 0.940 at N T. Soluble in an equal volume of alcohol, or glaci- 
al acetic acid. 

OLEUM SANTALI. Oil of Santal. Oil of Sandal Wood. "A 
volatile oil distilled from the wood of Saiitahun album." <U. S., 
p 287. F C F, p 650. 

Sp. gr. 0.970 to o 978 at N T. Readily soluble in alcohol, also in a mixture of 
3 volumes of alcohol with 1 volume of water, to the extent of 10 per cent. 

OLEUM SASSAFRAS. Oil of Sassafras. "A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from sassafras," <U. S., p. 288. F C F, p 650. 

Sp. gr. 1.070 to 1.090 at N T. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol; also in gla- 
cial acetic acid and in carbon disulphide. 

OLEUM SESAMI. Oil of Sesamum. Sesame Oil, Teel Oil, 
Benne Oil. "A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Sesamum 
indicum." <U. S., p 288. F C F, p 639. 

Sp. gr. 0.919 to 0.923 at N T. Almost insoluble in alcohol. When cooled to 
— 3°C (26.6°F.), it becomes thick, and at — 5°C. (23°F.), it congeals to a yellow- 
ish-white mass. 

OLEUM SINAPIS VOLATILE. Volatile Oil of Mustard. "A 

volatile oil obtained from Black Mustard by maceration with 
water and subsequent distillation." <U. S., p 288. F C F, p 
134, 650. 

This oil should be carefully handled and opened, as its odor is very penetrating 
and irritating. Sp. gr. 1.018 to 1.029 at N T. Freely soluble in alcohol, ether 
or carbon disulphide. 

OLEUM TEREBINTHIN^E. Oil of Turpentine. "A volatile 
oil distilled from Turpentine." <U. S., p 289. F C F, p 651. 

Sp. gr. 0.855 to 0.870 at NT. Boils at I55°C to i7o°C. (311 to 33§ ? F.). 
Soluble in 3 times its volume of alcohol, also in an equal volume of glacial acetic 
acid. 

OLEUM TEREBINTHINjE RECTIFICATUM. Rectified Oil of 

Turpentine, new. Oil of turpentine a convenient quantity, lime 
water a convenient quantity. The oil is to be shaken thoroughly 
with 6 times its volume of lime water, and the mixture is then to 
be placed in a distilling apparatus and distilled until about three- 
fourths of the oil has passed over. This is to be collected and 
separated from the water and kept in well-stoppered bottles pro- 
tected from the light, and is to be dispensed whenever oil of 
turpentine is required for internal use. <U. S., p 290. F C F, p 

651. 

Sp. gr. 0.855 to 0.865 at N T. Boils at about i6o c C. (32o°F.), other charac- 
teristics the same as oil of turpentine. This was official in the G. P. 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



OLEUM THEOBROMATIS. Oil of Theobroma. Oleum Theo- 
broma, Pharm. 1880, Butter of Cacao. "A fixed oil expressed 
from the seed of Theobroma Cacao:' <U. S., p 290. FCF,p 
640. 

Note the change in the Latin title. 

Sp. gr. 0.970 to 0.980 at N T. Readily soluble in ether or chloroform, also sol- 
uble in 100 parts of cold and in 20 parts of boiling absolute alcohol . A solid 
white or yellowish-white substance resembling tallow, brittle at N. T., melting at 
3°° to 33°C. (86° to 9i.4°F.),to a clear liquid. Used for suppositories, and in 
soothing applications and ointments. 

OLEUM THYMI. Oil of Thyme. "A volatile oil distilled from 
the leaves and flowering tops of Thymus vulgaris:' <U. S., p 290. 
FCF, P 6 5 i. 

Sp. gr. 0.900 to 0.930 at N T. Soluble in half its volume of alcohol, and in all 
proportions in carbon disulphide and glacial acetic acid. 

OLEUM TIGLII. Croton Oil. "A fixed oil expressed from the 
seed of Croton Tiglium." <U. S., p 291. F C F, p 640. 

This oil should be handled with caution, as it produces irritation and pustular 
eruption when in contact with the skin or mucous surfaces. Sp. gr. 0.940 to 0.960 
at N T. Soluble, when fresh, in about 60 parts of alcohol, the solubility increas- 
ing by age; freely soluble in ether, chloroform, carbon disulphide and in fixed or 
volatile oils. 

OPIUM. Opium. "The concrete milky exudation obtained by- 
incising the unripe capsules of Papaver Somniferum, and yielding 
in its normal, moist condition, not less than 9 per cent, of crystal- 
lized morphine, when assayed by the official process." <U. S., p 
292. F C F, p 664. 

The process of assay is given in full in the Pharm., and consists in exhausting a 
given quantity of the opium by successive macerations with water, filtering the 
liquids, evaporating the filtrates obtained, from all but the first maceration, to a 
soft extract, and dissolving it in the liquid obtained from the first maceration. Alco- 
hol and ether are then added, and then ammonia water and the solution set aside. 
The etherial layer is then separated. The residue is then washed with successive 
portions of ether, and finally the crystals of morphine are collected on a filter wash- 
ed with water, and the quantity estimated. See the official process of assay in full. 

OPII PULVIS. Powdered Opium. "Opium dried at a temper- 
ature not exceeding 85 C. (185 F.), and reduced to a very fine 
(No. 80) powder. Powdered opium, when assayed by the process 
given under opium, should not yield less than 13 nor more than 15 
per cent, of crystallized morphine. Any powdered opium of 
higher percentage may be brought within these limits by admix- 
ture with powdered opium of a lower percentage in proper pro- 
portions." <U. S., p 291. F C F, p 664. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. H9 



The former Pharm. directed that powdered opium should not contain less than 12, 
nor more than 16 per cent, of morphine, when assayed by the process given. All 
chemical manufacturing houses who furnish powdered opium now, put on the 
package the percentage of morphine which it contains. 

OPIUM DEODORATUM. Deodorized Opium. Opium Denar- 
cotisatum, Pharm. 1880. Powdered opium containing 13 to 15 
per cent, of morphine 100 gm. (or 456 grains), ether 1400 Cc. (or 
14 fl. ounces), sugar of milk, recently dried and in fine powder, a 
sufficient quantity to make 100 gm. (or 456 grains). The powdered 
opium is to be macerated with 700 Cc. (or 7 fl. ounces) of ether in 
a well-closed flask during 24 hours, agitating frequently. The 
clear etherial solution is then to be poured off and the maceration 
repeated with 350 Cc. (or 3^ fl. ounces) of ether for 12 hours as 
before. The liquid is then to be poured off and the remaining 
ether added and macerated as before, for 2 hours, and poured off. 
The residue is then to be collected in a weighed dish and dried by 
very gentle heat at first and finally at a temperature not exceed- 
ing 85 C. (185 F.), and then to be mixed with enough sugar of 
milk to make the weight of the product 100 gm. (or 456 grains). 

The change of title of this preparation will be noted. It has the same percen- 
tage of morphine as the powdered opium from which it was prepared, but is freed 
from the noxious constituents, soluble in ether, that are found in opium. 

PANCREATINUM. Pancreatin. new. "A mixture of the 
enzymes, naturally existing in the pancreas of warm-blooded 
animals, usually obtained from the fresh pancreas of the hog 
{Sus scrofa)" <U. S., p 293. F C F, p 667. 

Insoluble in alcohol, but slowly and almost completely soluble in water. It di- 
gests albuminoids and converts starch into sugar; acids impair its usefulness. 

PARALDEHYDUM. Paraldehyde. C 6 H 12 3 . new. "A poly- 
meric form of ethylic aldehyde (C 2 H 4 0)." <U. S., p 294. F C F, 

P 97- 

Soluble in 8.5 parts of water at N T., and in 16.5 parts boiling water; miscible 
in all proportions in alcohol, ether and oils at about o°C. (32°F), it solidifies to a 
crystalline mass which becomes liquid again at io.5°C. (5i°F.). It boils at 123 - 
I25°C. (253. 4°F,). It has been considerably used as a hypnotic in doses of \ to 1 
fl. drachm. 

PEPSINUM. Pepsin. "A proteolytic ferment or enzyme ob- 
tained from the glandular layer of fresh stomachs from healthy 
pigs, and capable of digesting not less than 3000 times its own 
weight of coagulated and disintegrated egg albumen, when tested 
by the process given below." new. <U. S., p 295. F C F, p 668 

^he former p harm. recognized only saccharated pepsin which was designed to 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



be yq the digestive power of the present pepsin. Pepsin is soluble for the most 
part in about ioo parts of water, but is more soluble if the water is slightly acidula- 
ted with hydrochloric acid. It is rendered inert in its solutions if heated to ioo°C. 
(2I2°F.), but in a dry state is not injured by this temperature. The pepsins on 
the market vary considerably in their digestive power, from i to 2000 to 1 to 4000. 

PEPSINUM SACCHARATUM. Saccharated Pepsin. The 

present formula directs pepsin as above 10 gm. (or 1 ounce), sugar 
of milk 90 gm. (or 9 ounces). The ingredients are to be triturated 
together in a mortar to a fine uniform mixture. 

Saccharated pepsin should digest 300 times its weight of freshly coagulated and 
disintegrated egg albumen. Great improvement has been made during the past 10 
years in pepsin, and reliable pepsins, which will fill the digestive test required, are 
now readily obtained. 

PETROLATUM LIQUIDUM. Liquid Petrolatum, new. "A 

mixture of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the* marsh-gas series, obtained 
by distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions from petro- 
leum, and purifying the residue when it has the desired consis- 
tence." <U. S., p 296. F C F, 654. 

This is a colorless, or slightly yellowish-colored oil, without taste or odor, making 
a good base for oil liniments. Its sp. gr. is about 0.875 to 0.945 at N T. It is 
insoluble in alcohol or water, but readily soluble in ether, oil of turpentine, benzin, 
benzol, and oils generally. 

PETROLATUM MOLLE. Soft Petroleum. Petrolatum, 
Pharm. 1880. Soft Petroleum Ointment. "A mixture of 
hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series, obtained by dis- 
tilling off the lighter and more volatile portions from petroleum, 
and purifying the residue when it has the desired melting point." 
<U. S., p 297. F C F, p 672. 

This is to be dispensed when petrolatum is prescribed or called for, unless other- 
wise specified. The Sp. gr. of liquified petrolatum molle at about 6o°C. (i40°F.), 
is 0.820 to 0.840. It should melt at from 40 to 45°C. (104 to ii3°F.). This is 
much used as an ointment base. In the former revision varieties of petrolatum 
having melting points from 104 to I25°F. were included under the heading petro- 
latum, now those with lower melting points are classed as above, and with higher 
melting points as below. 

PETROLATUM SPISSUM. Hard Petrolatum. Petrolatum, 
Pharm. 1880. Hard Petroleum Ointment. "A mixture of 
hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series, obtained by distill- 
ing off the lighter and more volatile portions from petroleum, and 
purifying the residue when it has the desired melting point." 
<U. S., p 297. F C F, p 672. 

This is simply petrolatum with a higher melting point,, that between 45° and 
5l°C, (113 to i25°F.). Its sp. gr. is about the same as the soft petrolatum, If 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 



required, it may be readily made from soft petrolatum by melting with it 10 per 
cent of paraffin. 

PHOSPHORUS. Phosphorus. P. "Phosphorus should be 
carefully kept under water in strong, well-closed vessels, in a 
secure and moderately cool place protected from light." <U. S., 
p 297. F C F, p 673. 

The sp. gr. of phosphorus is 1.830 at io°C. (5o°F.). Its melting point is 44°C. 
(in.2°F.). It is insoluble in water; soluble in 350 parts of absolute alcohol at N 
T. in 240 parts of boiling absolute alcohol, in 80 parts of absolute ether, and in 
about 50 parts of any fatty oil. It is quite soluble in chloroform, and in carbon 
disulphide, but its solution in the latter, must be handled with extreme caution to 
prevent its ignition . 

PHYSOSTIGMINE SALICYLAS. Physostigmine Salicylate. 

C ]5 H 21 N 3 2 C 7 H 6 0. "The salicylate of an alkoloid obtained from 
Physostigma." <U. S., p 298. F C F, p 123. 

Soluble in 150 parts of water, and in 12 parts of alcohol at N T. It melts at 
I79°C. (354. 2°F.). The dose is from T ^g to -^ grain; also used locally in ophthal- 
mic practice. 

PHYSOSTIGMINjB SULPHAS. Physostigmine Sulphate. 

Eserine Sulphate. C,.H o1 N,0 H„SO.. "The sulphate of an 

15 213224 r 

alkaloid obtained from Physostigma." <U. S., p 299. new. 

This new official has probably been introduced because of its greater solubility 
than the foregoing. It is very soluble in water or alcohol. It melts at io5°C. 
(22 rF.). This is chiefly used in veterinary, practice by subcutaneous injection, for 
colic and lockjaw. 

PICROTOXINUM. Picrotoxin. C 30 H 34 O 13 . "A neutral prin- 
ciple obtained from the seed of Anamirta poniculata." <U. S., p 
300. F C F, p 675- 

The chemical formula of this preparation was given in the sixth revision as C 9 
H 10 O 4 . It is soluble in 240 parts of water and in 9 parts of alcohol at N T. It 
melts at 200°C. (392°F.), forming a yellow liquid. The dose is from -^ to £$ 
grain, as an antispasmodic and nerve tonic. 

PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORAS. Pilocarpine Hydrochlo- 
rate. C n H 16 N a 3 HCl. "The hydrochlorate of an alkaloid ob- 
tained from Pilocarpus." <U. S., p 300. F C F, p 124. 

This salt is very soluble in water and in alcohol, almost insoluble in ether and 
chloroform. It melts at 197'C. (386. 6°F.). It is much used in connection with other 
remedies, in the treatment of drunkenness at the institutes established for that pur- 
pose'. It is given usually by hypodermic injection, the dose being ^ to % grain 
or more. 

PILULJE. Pills. In the present Pharm, two pill formulas are added. Pilulcr 
Catharticce Vegetabiles and P Hit Ice Ferri Carbonatis, and two dismissed, Pilule 
Ferri Composites and Pilulce Galbanicomp. Nearly all of those which remain are 
somewhat changed in the proportion of their ingredients and we have thought it 



FE.NNER S HAND-DOOK OF 



best, when there was a difference, to compare the 1S80 formulas with the present 
revision, so that the difference may be seen at a glance. A large number of for- 
mulas for pills will be found in Fenner's Complete Formulary; those which are 
official, only, are given here, 

PILULE ALOES. Pills of Aloes. Purified aloes in fine 
powder 13 gin, (or 200 grains), soap in fine powder 13 gm. (or 200 
grains), water a sufficient quantity to make 100 pills. The aloes 
and soap are to be beaten together with a little water so as to 
form a mass which is to be divided into 100 pills <U. S , p 301. 
F C F, p 683. 

PILULE ALOES ET ASAF(ETIDA. Pills of Aloes am 
Asafetida. 



Purified aloes, 
Asafetida, 
Soap, 

Water, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make 



1880. 
400 grains (or 26 gm ) 
400 grains (or 26 gm.) 
400 grains (or 26 gm.) 

300 pills. 



1890. 
g gm. (or 139 grains). 
9 gm. (or 139 grains). 
9 gm. (or 139 grains). 
to make 
100 pills. 



The solids are to be beaten together with a little water so as to 
form a mass which is to be divided into pills as directed. < U. 
S, P3 oi. FCF, p68 3 . 

PILULE ALOES ET FERRI. Pills of Aloes and Iron. 



Purified aloes, 
Dried sulphate of iron, 
Aromatic powder, 
Confection of rose, 
sufficient to make 



100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
100 grains (or 6,50 gm.) 

100 pills. 



1890. 
7 gm. (or 108 grains). 
7 gm. (or 108 grains). 
7 gm. (or 108 grains), 
to make 
100 pills. 



Beat the powders together with confection of 
make a mass which is to be divided into 100 pills. 
F C F, p 683. 

ALOES ET MASTICHES. 



rose so as to 
<U. S., p 302. 



PILULE 

Mastich. 



Purified aloes, 
Mastich, 
Red rose 

Water, enough to 
make 



1880, 
200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 
50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 
50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 

100 pills. 



Pills of Aloes and 



1890. 

13 gm. (or 200 grains). 
4 gm. (or 62 grains). 
3 gm. (or 46 grains). 
to make 
100 pills. 



The powders are to be beaten together with the water to make 
a mass which is to be divided into xoo pills, <U. S., p 302. F 
C F, p 683. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 



123 



PILULE ALOES ET MYRRHS. Pills of Aloes and Myrrh. 



Purified aloes, 
Myrrh, 

Aromatx powder, 

Syrup, enough to 

make. 



200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 

100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 



1890. 
13 gm. (or 200 grains). 
6 gm. (or 92 grains). 
4 gm. (or 62 grains), 
to make 
100 pills. 



100 pills. 

The powders are to be beaten together with a little 
make a mass which is to be divided into 100 pills. <U 
F C F, p 683. 

PILULJE ANTIMONII COMPOSITE. 

Antimony. Plummer's Pills. 



syrup to 
S., p 302. 



Compound Pills of 



1880. 

Sulphurated antimony, 50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 
Mild mercurous chloride, 50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 
Guaiac, 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

(1880) Mucilage of 

tragacanth to make 100 pills. 
(1890) Castor oil. 



1890. 
4 gm. (or 62 grains). 
4 gm. (or 62 grains). 
8 gm. (or 123 grains). 



to make 100 pills. 

The powders are to be mixed together and made into a mass 
with the excipient directed, which is to be divided into 100 pills. 
<U, S, P302. FCF, P 68 5 . 

PILULE ASAFCETID^E. Pills of Asafetida. 



Asafetida, 
Soap, 

Water, enough to 
make 



1880. 
300 grains (or 19.50 gm,) 
100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

100 pills. 



1890. 
I 20 gm. (or 308 grains). 

6 gm. (or 93 grains). 

to make 
I 100 pills. 



th a little water into 
s. <U. S., p 3 o 3 . F 



The powders are to be beaten together wi 
a mass which is to be divided into 100 pill 
C F, p 684. 

PILULE CATHARTICS COMPOSITE. Compound Cathartic 
Pills. 



1880. 

Compound extract 

of colocynth, 130 grains (or 8.40 gm.) 

Mild mercurous chloride 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
Gamboge. 25 grains (or 1.60 gm.) 

(1880) Abstract of jalap, 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
(1890) Extract of jalap. 
Water, enough to 

make 100 pills. 

The powders are to be intimately mixed 
porated with the extract of jalap and enou 
mass which is to be divided into 100 pills. 



1890. 

8 gm. (or 123 grains). 
6 gm. (or 92 grains). 
J i g m - ( or 2 3 grains). 

3 gm. (or 46 grains), 
to make 
100 pills. 

and gradually incor- 
gh water to make a 



124 . FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

PILULE CATHARTICS VEGETABILES. Vegetable Cathar- 
tic Pills, new. 

Compound extract of colocynth, 60 gm. (or 925 grains). 

Extract of hyoscyamus, 30 gm. (or 463 grains). 

Extract of jalap, 30 gm. (or 463 grains). 

Extract of leptandra, 15 gm. (or 231 grains). 

Resin of podophyllum, 15 gm. (or 231 grains). 

Oil of peppermint, 8 Cc. (or 2 fl. drachms). 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make 100 pills. 

The compound extract of colocynth is to be mixed intimately 
with the resin of podophyllum and incorporated with the oil of 
peppermint. The remaining extracts are to be mixed with enough 
water to render them plastic and mixed by beating together with 
the mixture first prepared, and with water, into a mass which is to 
be divided into 1000 pills. <U S., p 303. F C F, p 686. 

PILULjE FERRI CARBONATIS. Pills of Carbonate of Iron. 
Ferruginous Pills. Chalybeate Pills. Blaud's Pills, new. 

Ferrous sulphate, in clear crystals, 16 gm. (or 247 grains). 

Potassium carbonate, 8 gm. (or 123 grains). 

Sugar, 4 gm. (or 62 grains). 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, 1 gm (or 15 grains). 

Althaea, in No. 60 powder, 1 gm. (or 15 grains). 

Glycerin and water, each sufficient to make 100 pills. 

The carbonate of potassium is to be rubbed in a mortar with 
about 10 drops each of glycerin and water and the ferrous sul- 
phate and sugar, previously triturated together to a fine powder, 
added and the whole beaten together until it assumes a greenish 
color. When the reaction appears to have terminated, the trag- 
acanth and althaea are to be incorporated, with enough water if 
necessary, to make a mass of pilular consistence, which is to be 
divided into 100 pills. They should be freshly made when 
wanted. <U. S., p 304. 

PILULE FERRI IODIDI. Pills of Ferrous Iodide. 



1880. 

Reduced iron, 60 grains (or 4.00 gm.) 

Iodine, 80 grains (or 5.20 gm.) 

Glycyrrhiza, 50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 



1890. 

4 gm. (or 62 grains). 

5 gm. (or 77 grains). 
4 gm. (or 62 grains). 
4 gm. (or 62 grains) 



Sugar, 50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 

Exiract of glycyrrhiza, 12 grains (or 0.75 gm.) 1 gm. (or 15 grains). 

1 gm. (or 15 grains). 



Acacia, 12 grains (or 0.75 gm.) 

Water, balsam of tolu 

and ether, of each a 

sufficient quantity to 

make. 100 pills. 



to make 100 pills. 



The reduced iron is to be put in a small mortar with 6 Cc. (or 
ft. drachms) of water and the iodine gradually added, constantly 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. I 25 

triturating until the mixture ceases to have a reddish tint. The 
remaining powders are then to be added and well mixed. The 
mass is then to be transferred to a porcelain capsule and the excess 
of moisture evaporated by the heat of a water-bath, with constant 
stirring, until the mass has acquired a pilular consistence when it 
is to be divided into ioo pills. The pills are then to be coated or 
varnished with a solution of 10 gm. (or 150 grains) of balsam of 
tolu, in 15 Cc. (or l / 2 fl. ounce) of ether, and dried. <U. S., p 305. 
F C F, p 689. 
PILULE OPII. Pills of Opium. 



1880, 

Powdered opium, 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

Soap, 25 grains (or 1.62 gm.) 
Water, a sufficient 

quantity to make. 100 pills. 



1890. 
6.5 gm. (or 100 grains). 
2.0 gm. (or 31 grams;, 
to make 
100 pills. 



The powders are to be beaten together with water so as to form 
a mass which is to be divided into 100 pills. <U. S., p 305. , F 
C F, p 690. 

PILULE PHOSPHORI. Pills of Phosphorus. The formula of 
the 1880 and the present revision differ only in the proportion of 
inert ingredients therefore only the latter is given. 

Phosphorus, six centigrammes, 0.06 gm. (or 1 grain). 

Althaea, in No. 60 powder, 6.00 gm. (or 93 grains). 

Acacia, in fine pcuvder, 6.00 gm. (or 93 grains). 
Water, glycerin, cnloroform, balsam of tolu and 

ether, of each a sufficient quantity to make. 100 pills. 

The phosphorus is to be dissolved in a test tube with 5 Cc. (or 
81 minims) of chloroform with the aid of a very gentle heat, re- 
placing from time to time any chloroform which may have been 
lost by evaporation. The acacia and althuea are to be mixed in a 
mortar and the solution of phosphorus added, then, immediately 
afterwards a sufficient quantity, about 4 Cc. (or 65 minims) of a 
mixture of 2 volumes of glycerin, with 1 volume of water, and a 
mass quickly formed which is to be divided into 100 pills. The 
pills are then to be coated or varnished with a solution of 10 gm. 
(or 150 grains) of balsam of tolu in 15 Cc. (or x /z fl. ounce) of 
ether, and dried. <U. S., p 306. F C F, p 690. 

PILULE RHEI. Pills of Rhubarb. 



1880. 

Rhubarb powd., 300 grains (or 19.50 gm.) 

Soap, powd., 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
Water, a sufficient 

quantity to make 100 pills. 



1890. 
20 gm. (or 308 grains). 
6 gm. (or 93 grains). 
to make 
100 pills. 



126 fenner's hand-book of 

The powders are to be mixed and beat with water so as to form 
a mass, which is to be divided into ioo pills. <U. S., p 306. F 
CF,p 692. 

PILULE RHEI COMPOSITE. Compound Pills of Rhubarb. 



1880. 

Rhubarb, powd., 200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 

Purified aloes, 150 grains (or 9.75 gm ) 

Myrrh, 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

Oil of peppermint 10 grains (or 0,65 gm.) 
Water, a sufficient 

quantity to make 100 pills. 



1880. 
13 gm. (or 2co grains). 
io gm. (or 154 grains). 

6 gm. (or 93 grains). 

0.5 Cc. (or 8 minims). 

to make 

100 pills. 



The oil of peppermint is to be mixed with the powders and the 
mixture beaten with water so as to form a mass, which is to be 
divided into 100 pills. <U. S., p 256. F C F, p 692. 

PIPERINUM. Piperin. C 17 H ]0 NO 3 . "A neutral principle ob- 
tained from pepper, and obtainable also from other plants of the 
natural order Piper ace<z." <U. S., p 307. 

The former Pharm. describes piperina or piperine as "A proximate principle of 
feebly alkaloidal power prepared from pepper, etc". It is obtained as a by-product 
of the manufacture of oleoresin of pepper, which see. It is almost insoluble in 
water, but soluble in 30 parts of alcohol at N T. ; only slightly soluble in ether. It 
melts at i3o°C. (226°F.). 

PIX BURGUNDICA. Burgundy Pitch. "The prepared resin- 
ous exudation of Abies excelsa." <U. S., p 307. F C F, p 694. 

Somewhat soluble in cold alcohol, and almost entirely soluble in boiling alcohol, 
and in hot acetic acid. It softens in warm weather. 

PIX CANADENSIS. Canada Pitch. Hemlock Pitch, which 
was official in the former revision is now dismissed. 

PIX LIQUIDA. Tar. "An empyreumatic oleoresin obtained 
by the destructive distillation of the wood of Pinus palustris and 
of other species of Pinus." <U. S., p 308. F C F, p 694. 

It is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol aud oiis, solution of potassium 
or sodium hydrate. 

PLUMBI ACETAS. Lead Acetate. Sugar of Lead. Pb 
(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 -j- 3 H 2 0. 

This salt is soluble at N T. in 2.3 parts of water and in 21 parts of alcohol; in 
0.5 part of boiling water and in I part of boiling alcohol. When heated to 40°C. 
(i04°F.), it loses its water of crystallization (14.25 per cent.). It fuses at 2oo°C. 
(392° F.), with loss of acetic acid. <U. S. , p 408. F C F, p 696. 

PLUMBI CARBONAS. Lead Carbonate. White Lead. (Pb 
C0 3 ) 2 Pb(OH) 2 . 

Th s salt is insoluble in water or alcohol, but is soluble in dilute nitric acid or in 
acetic acid, with evolution of CO a . <U. S., p 3*9. F C F, p 696. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. I2J 

PLUMBI IODIDUM. Lead Iodide. Pbl 2 . 

Soluble in 2000 parts of water at N T., and in about 200 parts of boiling water; 
almost insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 309. F C F, 697. 

PLUMBI NITRAS. Lead Nitrate. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 . 

Soluble in 2 parts of water at N '!'., almost insoluble in alcohol. In boiling water 
it is soluble in 0.75 part. < U. S., p 3ro. F C F, p 697. 

PLUMBI OXIDUM. Lead Oxide. Litharge. PbO. 

In water and alcohol this salt is almost insoluble, but in acetic acid or diluted 
nitric acid, it is soluble. <U. S., p 310. F C F, p 69S . 

POTASSA. Potassa. Potassium Hydrate. Potassium Hy- 
droxide, Caustic Potash. KQH. 

Soluble in about 0.5 part of water, and in 2 parts of alcohol at N T. Very solu- 
ble in boiling water and in boiling alcohol. <U. S., p 31 1. F C F, p 700. 



POTASSA CUM CALCE. Potassa with Lime. Potassa 



:o 



gin. (or 1 ounce), lime 500 gm. (or 1 ounce). They are to be 
rubbed together in a warm iron mortar so as to form a powder, 
which should be kept in a well-stoppered bottle. <U. S., p 312 
F C F, p 700. 

This powder is deliquescent when exposed to moist air; it is very strongly alka- 
line, and is used as a caustic. 

POTASSA SULPHURATA. Sulphurated Potassa. Liver of 

Sulphur. Sublimed sulphur 100 gm. (or 1 ounce), potassium car- 
bonate 200 gm. (or 2 ounces). The potassium carbonate is to be 
dried and powdered and mixed thoroughly with the sulphur and 
the mixture gradually heated in a covered crucible, which should 
only be about half filled with it, until the mass ceases to foam and 
is in a state of perfect fusion. The fused mass is then to be 
poured out upon a cold marble slab and, when cold, broken into 
pieces and kept in a well-stoppered bottle. 

This is soluble in 2 parts of water at N T., but in alcohol only the potassium 
sulphide dissolves out. The aqueous solution is strongly alkaline. 

POTASSII ACETAS. Potassium Acetate. KC 2 H s 2 . 

This salt rapidly deliquesces when exposed to the air. Soluble in 0.36 part of 
water and in 1.9 parts of alcohol at N T. <U. S., p 313. F C F. p 701. 

POTASSII BICARBONAS. Potassium Bicarbonate. KCH0 3 . 

Soluble in 3.2 parts of water at X T. ; nearly insoluble in alcohol, <U. S., p 
314. F C F, p 7CI. 

POTASSII BICHROMAS. Potassium Bichromate. Potassium 
Dichromate. K.,Cr 2 0_. 

Soluble in 10 parts of water at N T. ; insoluble in alcohol. In baling water it is 
soluble in 1.5 parts. <U. S., p 315. F C F, p 702. 

POTASSII BITARTRAS. Potassium Bitartrate, Cream of 
Tartar. KHCHO, 



125 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

Soluble in about 201 parts of water at N T. and in 16.7 parts of boiling water; 
only slightly soluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 315. FCF, p 703. 

POTASSIUM BROMIDUM. Potassium Bromide. KBr, 

Soluble in ahout 1.6 parts of water and in 200 parts of alcohol at N T.; and in 
about 1 part of boiling water, and in 4 parts of glycerin at N T. <U. S., p 316. 
F C F, p 703. 

POTASSII CARBONAS. Potassium Carbonate. Sal Tartar. 
K 3 CO, 

It deliquesces rapidly when exposed to the air. Soluble in 1.1 parts of water at 
N T. and in about 0.65 part of boiling water, insoluble in alcohol. It is strongly 
alkaline, and combines with acids with evolution of C0 3 . <U. S., p 317, F C F, 
P704. 

POTASSII CHLORAS. Potassium Chlorate. MC10 3 . 

The Pharm. directs caution in handling and mixing potassium chlorate on ac- 
count of the liability of explosions when mixed with certain organic matter, as cork 
tannic acid, sugar, etc., or with sulphur, antimony sulphide, phosphorus ro other 
easily oxidizable substance; care should also be taken in heating it, or in pounding 
it in a mortar with other substances. 

Soluble in 16.7 parts of water at N T., and in 1.7 parts of boiling water, insolu- 
ble in alcohol. It fuses at 234°C. (453°F.) and above 352°C. (665. 6°F) it is de- 
composed into oxygen and potassium perchlorate; above 4oo°C. (752°F.) it parts 
with all of its oxygen, amounting to nearly 40 per cent. <U. S., p 318. FCF, 
P 704- 

POTASSII CITRAS. Potassium Citrate. K 3 C 6 H 5 7 +H 2 0. 

Soluble at N T. in 0.6 part of water, and very soluble in boiling water; but 
slightly soluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 318. F C F. p 705. 

POTASSII CITRAS EFFERVESCENS. Effervescent Potas- 
sium Citrate, new. Citric acid 63 gm. (or 2 ounces av. -j- 96 
grains), potassium bicarbonate 90 gm. (or 3 ounces av. -\- 76 
grains), sugar 47 gm. (or 1 ounce av. -f 285 grains). The ingre- 
dients are to be powdered separately and thoroughly mixed in a 
warm mortar. The pasty mass is then to be dried rapidly at a 
temperature not exceeding 120 C (248 F.), and when perfectly 
dry it is to be powdered and kept in well-stoppered bottles. <U. 

S., p 319. 

A teaspoonful or more of this powder is to be put in part of a glass of water, and 
drunk during effervescence. It should not be too finely powdered. 

POTASSII CYANIDUM. Potassium Cyanide. KCN. 

Soluble in about 2 parts of water at N T., and in about its own weight of boiling 
water; almost insoluble in alcohol. It is strongly alkaline. <U. S., p 320. FC 
F, p 705. 

POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS. Potassium and Sodium 
Tartrate, Rocuelle Salt, KNaC 4 H 4 6 +4H 8 0. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 1 29 

Soluble in 1.4 parts of water at X T., and in less than its own weight of boiling 
water; nearly insoluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 320. F C F, p 706. 

POTASSII FERROCYANIDUM. Potassium Ferrocyanide. 
Yellow Prussiate of Potash. K 4 F 3 (CN) 6 -f-3H a O. 

Soluble in 4 parts of water at N T., and in 2 parts of boiling water; insoluble in 
alcohol. <U. S., p 321. FCF, p 706. 

POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Potassium Hypophosphite. K 

PH A- 

This salt is very deliquescent. It is soluble in o,6 part of water, and in 7.3 parts 
of alcohol at XT. <U. S., p 323. F C F, p 707. 

POTASSII IODIDUM. Potassium Iodide. KI. 

In moist air this salt is slightly deliquescent. It is soluble in 0.75 part of water 
and in 18 parts of alcohol at N T., also in 2.5 parts of glycerin. It is incompata- 
ble with cinchona alkaloids and their salts. <U. S., p 322. F C F, p 707. 

POTASSII NITRAS. Potassium Nitrate. Saltpetre. KNO s . 

Soluble in 3.8 parts of water at NT., and 0.4 part of boiling water; but slightly 
soluble in alcohol. When heated to 353'C. (667.4^.), it melts, and may be cast 
into balls known as sal prune lie. <U. S. , p 323. F C F, p 708. 

POTASSII PERMANGANAS. Potassium Permanganate. K 
Mn0 4 . 

This salt should be kept in glass-stoppered bottles protected from the light, and 
should not be brought in contact with organic or readily oxidizable substances. 

It is soluble in 16 parts of water at X T.. and in 3 parts of boiling water. It is 
decomposed by alcohol. When heated to 240 : C. (464^.), it is decomposed with 
evolution of oxygen. It is usually prescribed internally in the form of pills, and 
externally its solution is a valuable antiseptic. <U. S., p 324. F C F, p 708. 

POTASSII SULPHAS. Potassium Sulphate. K 2 S0 4 . 

Soluble in about 9.5 parts of water at X T., and in 4 parts of boiling water; in- 
soluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 325. F C F, p 709. 

Potassii Sulphas, and Potassii Tartras which were official in the former revis- 
ion, are now dismissed. <F C F, p 709, 710. 

PULVERES. Powders. The formulas for powders in the new Pharm. are but 
little changed except the substitution of metric weight for parts. The proportion 
of glycyrrhiza is considerably increased in compound powder of glycyrrhiza, and 
the proportion of camphor slightly decreased in compound powder of morphine. 
For other powders, of which there are many. <F C F, p 713 to 720. 

PULVIS ANTIMONIALIS. Antimonial Powder. James's 
Powder. Antimony oxide $$ gm. (or i ounce), precipitated cal- 
cium phosphate 67 gm. (or 2 ounces). The powders are to be 
intimately mixed. <U. S., p 326. F C F, p 714. 

PULVIS AROMATICUS. Aromatic Powder. Ceylon cinna- 
mon in No. 60 powder 35 gm. (or 3^2 ounces), cardamon deprived 
of the capsules and crushed 15 gm. (or 1*2 ounces), nutmeg in 



13° FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

No. 20 powder 15 gm. (or i J / 2 ounces). The nutmeg and carda- 
mom are to be triturated with a portion of the cinnamon until they 
are reduced to a fine powder, then the remainder of the cinnamon 
and the ginger are to be added and thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 
226. F C F, p 714. 

PULVIS CRETA COMPOSITUS. Compound Chalk Powder. 

Prepared chalk 30 gm. (or 3 ounces), acacia in fine powder 20 gm. 
(or 2 ounces), sugar in fine powder 50 gm. (or 5 ounces). They 
are to be thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 326. F C F, p 715. 

PULVIS EFFERVESCENS COMPOSITUS. Compound Effer- 
vescing Powder. Seidlitz Powder. Sodium bicarbonate in fine 
powder 31 gm. (or 480 grains), potassium and sodium tartrate 
(Rochelle salt) 93 gm. (or 1440 grains) tartaric acid 27 gm. (or 
420 grains). The bicarbonate of sodium and Rochelle salt are to 
be intimately mixed and the mixture divided into 12 equal parts 
which are to be wrapped separately in blue paper so as to make 
12 powders. The tartaric acid is to be divided into 12 equal parts 
which are to be wrapped separately in white paper so as to make 
12 powders, which should be wrapped in paraffin paper. One of 
each of the powders is known as a "seidlitz powder," they are to 
be dissolved separately, each, in about 1^ glas,s of water and the 
solutions poured together and drunk during effervescence. <U. 
S., p 327. F C F, p 715. 

PULVIS GLYCYRRHIZA COMPOSITUM. Compound Powder 
of Glycyrrkiza. Compound Liquorice Powder. The formula 
of the present Pharm. is changed by increasing the proportion of 
glycyrrhiza nearly 50 per cent., and by using oil of fennel instead 
of the powdered seed. Senna in No. 80 powder 180 gm. (or 2^ 
ounces), glycyrrhiza in No. 80 powder 236 gm. (or 3 ounces), 
washed sulphur 80 gm. (or 1 ounce), oil of fennel 4 gm. (or 12 
minims), sugar in fine powder 500 gm. (or 6}{ ounces). The oil 
of fennel is to be thoroughly mixed with about one-half the sugar, 
the remainer of the sugar added and then the other powders, all 
to be thoroughly mixed and passed through a No. 60 sieve. <U. 
S., p'327. FCF, 716. 

PULVIS IPECACUANHA ET OPII. Powder of Ipecac and 
Opium. Dover's Powder. Ipecac in No. 60 powder 10 gm. (or 
1 ounce), powdered opium 10 gm. (or 1 ounce), sugar of milk in 
No. 30 powder 80 gm. (or 8 ounces). The powders are to be 
rubbed together and thoroughly mixed. <U. S., 327. F C F, p 
717. . 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. I3I 

PULVIS JALAPS COMPOSITUS. Compound Powder of Jalap. 

Pulvis Purgans. Jalap in No. 60 powder 35 gm. (or 3^ ounces), 
potassium bitartrate in fine povftfer 65 gm. (or 6 l / 2 ounces). The 
powders are to be rubbed together and thoroughly mixed. <U. 
S., p 328. F C F, p 717. 

PULVIS MORPHINE COMPOSITUS. Compound Powder of 
Morphine. Tully's Powder. Morphine sulphate. 1 gm. (or 22 
grains), camphor 19 gm. (or 416 grains), glycyrrhiza, in No. 60 
powder, 20 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), precipitated calcium carbonate 
20 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity. The cam- 
phor is to be rubbed in a mortar with a little alcohol in order to 
reduce it to a powder, and the other powders are to be gradually 
added and rubbed with it to a uniform powder. The morphine 
salt is first to be rubbed with a small portion of the powder and 
the remainder gradually added, mixing them thoroughly, and then 
the whole is to be passed through a No. 40 sieve. <U. S., p 328. 
F C F, p 718. 

PULVIS RHEI COMPOSITUS. Compound Powder of Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb, in No. 60 powder, 25 gm. (or 2 x / 2 ounces), magnesia 65 
gm. (or 6y 2 ounces), ginger, in No. 60 powder, 10 gm. (or 1 ounce). 
The powders are to be rubbed together and thoroughly mixed. 
<U. S., p 328. F C F, p 718. 

This is also known as Gregory's powder. 

PYROGALLOL. Pyrogallol. Pyrogallic Acid. C 6 H 3 (OH) 3 . 
new. 

This is newly introduced as an official preparation, but has been known under the 
latter title for some time. Soluble at N T. in 1.7 parts of water, and in 1 part of 
alcohol, also in 1.2 parts of ether. It melts at i3i°C. (267. 8°F.) and may be sub- 
limed unchanged. <U. S., p 329. F C F, p 57, 873. 

PYROXYLINUM. Pyroxylin. Soluble Gun Cotton. Col- 
loxylin. Purified cotton 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av. -\- 230 grains), 
nitric acid 1400 Cc. (or 47.34 fl-ounces), sulphuric acid 2200 Cc. 
(or 74.39 fl. ounces), alcohol, ether, and water, each, a sufficient 
quantity. The acids are to be mixed gradually in a glass or por- 
celain vessel and when the temperature has fallen to 32 C. 
(90 F.), the purified cotton is to be .added. The cotton is to be 
placed in the mixture and stirred with a glass rod until it is 
thoroughly saturated, and then allowed to macerate until, when a 
sample is taken out and thoroughly washed with a large quantity 
of water and then with alcohol and pressed, it is found to be solu- 
ble in a mixture of 1 volume of alcohol with 3 volumes of ether. 



132 FENWER S HAND-BOOK OF 

The cotton is then to be removed from the acid mixture and 
washed, first with cold water until the washings no longer have an 
acid taste, and then with boiling water until the washings cease 
to redden blue litmus paper. The pyroxylin is then to be drained 
on filtering paper and dried, in small detached pellets, by means of 
a water-bath, at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.). It 
should be kept loosely packed in tin cans of small capacity, re- 
mote from lights or fire. <U. S., p 330. F C F, p 721. 

QUINIDIN^E SULPHAS. Quinidine Sulphate. (C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 ) 2 
H a S0 4 -|-2H 2 0. "The neutral sulphate of an alkaloid obtained 
from the bark or several species of cinchona." <U. S., p 331. 
F C F, p 125. 

Soluble in 100 parts of water and in 8 parts of alcohol at N T, also soluble in 14 
parts of chloroform, but almost insoluble in ether. 

QUININA. Quinine. C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 4- 3 H 2 O. "An alkaloid ob- 
tained from the bark of various species of cinchona." <U. S., p 
331. F C F, p 125. 

"Quinine" is often called for when its salts (particularly the sulphate) are wanted, 
therefore care should be exercised in dispensing, that the customer may get what is 
wanted. It may be remarked that the majority of druggists do not keep the alka- 
loid quinine in stock as it is only occasionally used. 

Soluble in 1670 parts of water and in 6 parts of alcohol at N T; in 700 parts of 
boiling water, and in 2 parts of boiling alcohol. It is also soluble in 23 parts of 
ether, 5 parts of chloroform, or 200 parts of glycerin. 

QUININE BISULPHAS. Quinine Bisulphate. C^H^N^H, 
SO,+ 7 H,0. 

This is the most soluble salt of quinine and is therefore used for many purposes 
requiring a readily soluble salt, as for hypodermic injection, solutions, elixirs, etc. 
It is soluble in 10 parts of water and in 32 parts of alcohol at N T. When heated 
to ioo° C. (212 F.) it loses all its water of crystallization, (nearly 23 per cent.). 
<U. S., p 332. F C F, p 126. 

QUININE HYDROBROMAS. Quinine Hydrobr ornate. C 20 H 24 
N a 2 HBr+H 2 0. 

Soluble in 54 parts of water and in 0.6 parts of alcohol, also in 6 parts of ether 
and 12 parts of chloroform. It will be noted that this is the most soluble salt of 
quinine in alcohol ; it is therefore chosen when a concentrated alcoholic solution of 
a quinine salt is required. 

At ioo° C. (212° F.) it loses its water of crystallization (about 4.25 per cent.). 
<U. S., p 333. F C F, p 126. 

QUININE HYDROCHLORAS. Quinine Hydrochlorate. C 20 

H 24 N 2 2 HCl-h 2 H 2 0. 

Next to the sulphate of quinine this is now the most used of the quinine salts, 
and because of its greater solubility it is generally preferred, by those who become 
accustomed to its use. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. I33 

Soluble in 34 parts of water and in 3 parts of alcohol at N T, also soluble in 9 
parts of chloroform. At 120 C. (248 F.) it loses its water of crystallization _ 
<U. S., p334- F C F, pi26. 

QUININE SULPHAS. Quinine Sulphate. (C 20 H O4 N 2 O 2 ) 2 H 2 
S0 4 -f 7 H 2 0. 

In this country this is the most used of any alkaloidal salt. It is soluble in 740 
parts of water and in 65 parts of alcohol at N T; and in 30 parts of boiling water 
or 3 parts of boiling alcohol, also in 40 parts of glycerin, and in about 680 parts of 
chloroform. When exposed for some hours to a heat of 50 to 6o° C. (122 to 
140 F.), it loses most of its water of crystallization. <U. S., p 334. F C F, p 127 

QUININE VALERIANAS. Quinine Valerianate. C 20 H 24 N 2 

o.c i H M o 1 +H;o. 

Soluble in 100 parts of water and in 5 parts of alcohol at N T. At about go° C 
(144 F.) it melts to a colorless liquid, and at ioo° C. (212 F.) it loses its water of 
crystallization and begins to lose valerianic acid. <U. S., p 335. F C F, p 129. 

RESINA. Resin. Colophony. "The residue left after dis- 
tilling off the volatile oil from Turpentine." <U. S., p 336. F 
CF,p 722. 

This is commonly known as resin or "rosin." Its sp. gr. 1.070 to 1.080. It is 
more or less soluble in alcohol, ether and oils, also in solution of potassium or sod- 
ium hydrate. It softens by heat, and melts to a thick viscid liquid at about I35°C. 

RESINA COPAIBA. Resin of Copaiba. "The residue left 
after distilling off the volatile oil from copaiba." <U. S., p 336. 
F C F, p 723. 

Soluble more or less in alcohol, ether, chloroform, carbon disulphide, benzol, ben- 
zin. amylic alcohol or oils. It softens by heat and melts to a thick viscid liquid at 
about i3o°C, 

RESINA JALAP^E. Resin of Jalap. Jalap, in No. 60 powder, 
1000 gm. (or 1 pound), alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quan- 
tity. The powder is to be moistened with 300 Cc. (or 5 ounces) 
of alcohol and packed firmly in a cylindrical percolator; enough 
alcohol is to be poured upon it to saturate the powder and leave 
a stratum above, and after 24 hours it is to be percolated, gradu- 
ally adding alcohol until 2500 Cc. (or 2 I / 2 pints) of tincture are 
obtained. The alcohol is then to be distilled off until the tincture 
is reduced to 400 Cc. (or 6^2 ounces), and this residue is to be 
added, with constant stirring, to 9000 Cc. (or 9 pints) of water. 
The precipitate is then allowed to subside the supernatant liquid 
drawn off, and the precipitate washed twice with fresh portions of 
water. It is then to be placed upon a strainer, drained and 
pressed, and the resin dried with a gentle heat,stirring occasionally 
until the moisture has evaporated. <U. S., p 336. F C F, p 723. 



134 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, but insoluble in most other media, and not 
more than 10 per cent, soluble in ether. 

RESINA PODOPHYLLI. Resin of Podophyllum. Podophyllum, 
in No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 1 pound av.), hydrochloric acid 
10 Cc. (or 75 minims), alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quan- 
tity. The powder is to be percolated in the usual manner with 
alcohol until the drug is exhausted. The alcohol is then to be 
distilled off until the residue is reduced to a syrupy consistence, 
and this is to be poured slowly, and with constant stirring, into 
1000 Cc. (or 1 pint) of cold water, to which the hydrochloric acid 
has been added. The supernatant liquid is to be poured off 
from the precipitate after it has subsided and it is to be washed 
twice with portions of fresh water. The precipitate is then to be 
spread in a thin layer on a strainer, drained and dried by exposure 
to the air, occasionally breaking up the cake while it is drying 
and finally powdering it in a mortar. <U. S., p 337. FCF,p 

723- 

Soluble in alcohol in all proportions, and in ether to the extent of 15 to 20 per 
cent. It is soluble in boiling water to the extent of 80 per cent, but most of it is 
again deposited on cooling. 

RESINA SCAMMONII. Resin of Scammony. Scammony, in 
No. 60 powder, 1000 gm. (or 1 pound av.), alcohol and water, each, 
a sufficient quantity. The scammony is to be digested with suc- 
cessive portions of boiling alcohol until it is exhausted. The 
tinctures are then to be mixed and evaporated to a syrupy con- 
sistence by distilling off the alcohol. The residue is then to be 
added in a thin stream, with constant stirring, to 2500 Cc. (or 2% 
pints) of water, and the precipitate which forms washed thorough- 
ly, and dried by a gentle heat. <U. S., p 338. F C F, p 724. 

Soluble in alcohol in all proportions, also wholly soluble in ether and oil of tur- 
pentine. It is also soluble in solutions of the alkalies by the aid of heat, 

RESORCINUM. Resorcin. Resorcinol Metadioxybenzol 
"A diatomic phenol." C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 . new. <U. S., p 339. F C 

F, p 728. 

Soluble in 0.6 part of water and in 0.5 part of alcohol; also readily soluble in 
ether and glycerin and very slightly soluble in chloroform. It melts at about 119 
C. (246. 2°F.). 

It is given internally as an antiseptic in fevers, cholera and enteric diseases, and 
in sea sickness, gastritis, cholera infantum, etc., in doses of 1 to 2 grains. In asth- 
ma as high as 15 grains have been given. In diphtheria, a 10 per cent, glycerol 
of resorc.n has been applied to the mucous membrane of the throat with good re- 
sults; and solutions and ointments are used externally for sores, ulcers and skin 
diseases. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. I 35 

SACCHARUM. Sugar. Cane Sugar. C„H m 11 . "The refined 
sugar obtained from Saccharum officinarum and from various 
species or varieties of sorghum, also from one or more varieties of 
Beta vulgaris!' <U. S., p 342. FCF, 734. 

Soluble in 0.5 part of water and in 175 parts of alcohol at N T., in 0.2 part of 
boiling water and in 28 parts of boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether and chloro- 
form. The saturated, aqueous solution of sugar (syrup) at N T. has sp. gr. 1.345. 

SACCHARUM LACTIS. Sugar of Milk. C 11 H M Q 11 +H 4 0. "A 

peculiar crystalline sugar obtained from the whey of cow's milk 
by evaporation, and purified by recrystallization." <U. S., p 342. 
F C F, p 542, 735. 

Soluble in about 6 parts of water at N T. and in about 1 part of boiling water; 
insoluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform. On account of the peculiar hardness, 
grittiness and permanance of this sugar, it is much used for making triturations, or 
for mixing as an inert dilutent in powders, etc. 

SALICINUM. Salicin. C 13 H 18 7 . "A neutral principle ob- 
tained from several species of Salix and Populus." <U. S., p 343 
F C F, p 736. 

Soluble in 28 parts of water, and in 30 parts of alcohol at N T.; in 0.7 part of 
boiling water and in 2 parts of boiling alcohol. Almost insoluble in ether and 
chloroform. It melts at ig8°C. (388. 4°F.), forming a clear liquid. 

SALOL. Salol. Phenyl Salicylate. C 6 H 5 C 7 H 5 3 . "The 
salicylic ether of phenol." new. <U. S., p 343. FCF, p 737. 

This new official is a white crystalline powder, without odor, and nearly tasteless. 
It is almost insoluble in water, soluble in 10 parts of alcohol at N T., and in 0.3 
part of ether; also readily soluble in chloroform and oils. It melts at 42° 43°C. 
(io7.6°-i09.4°F.). 

It is employed in the treatment of rheumatism, fevers and internal catarrhal con- 
ditions in doses of from 5 to 20 grains. Externally it is used as a dusting powder 
for eruptions and in the form of ointment as an antiseptic dressing. 

SANTONINUM. Santonin. C 15 H 18 3 . "A neutral principle 
obtained from Santonica." < U. S., p 345. FCF, p 737. 

This is a well known, and much used remedy for worms. It is nearly insoluble 
in cold water, soluble in 40 parts of alcohol at N T., in 140 parts of ether, and 4 
parts of chloroform. It melts at I70°C. (338°F.). It is usually given in the form 
of powders or in a confection; or in lozenges, in doses of \ to 2 grains. 

SAPO. Soap. White Castile Soap. "Soap prepared from 
soda and olive oil." <U. S., p 346. F C F, p 740. 
Soluble in water and in alcohol, more readily by the aid of heat. 

SAPO MOLLIS. Soft Soap. Sapo Viridis, Pharm. 1880. 
Green Soap. Linseed oil 400 gm. (or 40 ounces), potassa 90 gin. 
(or 9 ounces), alcohol 40 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces), water a sufficient 
quantity. The linseed oil is to be heated in a deep, capacious 



136 fenner's hand-book of 

vessel on a water-bath or steam-bath, to a temperature of about 
6o° C. (140 F.). The potassa is to be dissolved in 450 Cc. (or 45 
ounces) of water, and to this solution the alcohol is added, and 
this mixture is gradually added to the oil, continuing the heat 
until a small portion is found to be soluble in boiling water with- 
out the separation of oily drops. The mixture is then allowed to 
cool and is then transferred to suitable vessels. The potassa used 
should be of the full strength (90 per cent.) as directed by the 
Pharm. <U. S., p 346. F C F, p 

Soft soap is soluble in about 5 parts of hot water to a nearly clear liquid, and in 
2 parts of hot alcohol, leaving only a small percentage of insoluble residue.. 

SODA. Soda. Sodium Hydrate. Sodium Hydroxide. Caus- 
tic Soda. NaOH. 

Caustic soda as it is generally known is soluble in 1.7 parts of water at N T. 
and in 0.8 part of boiling water; it is very soluble in alcohol. It fuses at 525°C 
(g77°F.). It deliquesces rapidly when exposed to the air, and must be handled 
cautiously. <U. S., p 350. FCF, p 746. 

SODII ACETAS. Sodium Acetate. NaC 2 H 3 O s + 3 H 2 0. 

Soluble in 1.4 parts of water and in 30 parts of alcohol at N T. ; in 0.2 part of 
boiling water and in 2 parts of boiling alcohol. When heated to 6o°C, (i40°F.). 
it begins to liquify and at I23°C. (253. 4°F.), it becomes dry and anhydrous. <U, 
S. p35i. FCF, p 747. 

SODII ARSENAS. Sodium Arsenate. Sodii Arsenias, Pharm. 
1880. Na 2 HNs0 4 +7H 2 0. 

Note the change of spelling by the omission of i from the former official title. 
Soluble in 4 parts of water at N T., but very slightly soluble in alcohol. <U. S., 
p 352. F C F, p 178, 747. 

SODII BENZOAS. Sodium Benzoate. NaC 7 H 5 2 . 

Soluble in 1.8 parts of water and in 45 parts of alcohol at N T. <U. S., p 353. 
FCF, 747- 

SODII BICARBONAS. Sodium Bicarbonate. NaHC0 3 . 

Soluble in 11. 3 parts of water at N T.; loses carbon disulphide above that tem- 
perature, and at boiling point of water is converted into sodium carbonate. In- 
soluble in alcohol or ether. <U. S., p 353. F C F, p 784. 

SODII BISULPHIS. Sodium Bisulphite. NaHS0 3 . 

Soluble in 4 parts of water and in 72 parts of alcohol at N T. ; in 2 parts of boil- 
ing water and in 49 parts of boiling alcohol, <U. S., p 354 F C F, p 748. 

SODII BORAS. Sodium Borate. Borax, Na 2 B 4 7 +ioH a O. 

This salt which is commonly known as Borax is soluble in 16 parts of water at 
N T., and in 0.5 parts of boiling water. It is insoluble in alcohol. In glycerin 
it is soluble at 8o°C. (i76°F.), weight for weight. It is alkaline. <U. S., p 355. 
F C F. p 748. 

SODII BROMIDUM. Sodium Bromide, NaBr. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. I37 

Soluble ie 1.2 parts of water and in 13 parts of alcohol at N T. ; in 0.5 part of 
boiling' water, and in 11 parts of boiling alcohol. <U. S., p 356. F C F, p 749. 

SODII CARBONAS. Sodium Carbonate. Na 3 C0 3 +ioH 2 0. 

This salt which is commonly known as sal soda effloresces when exposed to the 
air, losing about half its water of crystallization (31.46 per cent, of its weight), and 
is reduced to a white powder. Soluble in 1.6 parts of water at N T. and in 0.2 
part of boiling water; insoluble in ether and alcohol; soluble in 1.02 parts of 
glycerin. It is alkaline. <U. S., p 357. F C F, p 749. 

SODII CARBONAS EXSICCATUS. Dried Sodium Carbonate. 

Sodium carbonate 200 gm. (or 2 pounds) to make 100 gm. (or 1 
pound). The crystals are to be broken in small fragments and 
allowed to effloresce for several days in a warm atmosphere at a 
temperature not exceeding 25 C. (77 F.) until they are complete- 
ly disintegrated. The white powder which results is then to be 
dried at a temperature of about 40 C. (113 F.) until its weight is 
reduced to 100 gm. The powder is to be passed through a sieve 
and kept in well-stoppered bottles. <U. S., p 357. FCF, p 750 
SODII CHLORAS. Sodium Chlorate. NaC10 3 . 

This salt should be kept in glass-stoppered bottles, and great care exercised in 
handling it as dangerous explosions are liable to occur when it comes in contact, or 
is mixed with organic matters, such as cork, tannic acid, sugar, etc., or with sul- 
phur antimony sulphide, phosphorous or other easily oxidizable agents. 

Soluble in i.i parts of water and in about 100 parts of alcohol and in about 5 
parts of glycerin at N T. When heated it melts and then gives off oxygen, about 
45 per cent of its weight. <U. S., p 358. F C F, p 750. 

SODII CHLORIDUM. Sodium Chloride. NaCl. 

This is known commercially as " salt," the most common chemical substance. 
Soluble in 2.8 parts of water at N T., and in 2.5 parts of boiling water. In alcohol 
it is almost insoluble, and in ether and chloroform it is insoluble. When heated 
this salt decrepitates, (snaps) it fuses at red heat, and at a white heat slowly vola- 
tilizes and is partly decomposed. <U. S., p 359. F C F, p 750. 

SODII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Sodium Hypophosphite. NaPH 2 
2 4-H 2 0. 

Soluble in I part of water and in 30 parts of of alcohol at N T.; in 0.12 part of 
boiling water and in 1 part of boiling alcohol. < U. S. , p 359. F C F, p 75 r. 

SODII HYPOSULPHIS. Sodium Hyposulphite. Sodium 
Thiosulphate. Na 2 S 2 3 -f-5H 2 0. 

Soluble in 0.65 part of water at N T. and in about 0.5 part at 2o°C. (68°F.); at 
a boiling point it is rapidly decomposed. When rapidly heated to about 50°C. 
(i22°F.), it melts; when slowly heated it effloresces, and afterwards, at ioo°C. (212 
F,), it loses all its water of crystallization (36.3 per cent.). <U. S., p 360. F C 
F. 752. 

SODII IOPIPUM, Sodium Iodide. Nal. 



138 fenner's hand-book of 

Soluble in 0.6 part of water and in about 3 parts of alcohol at N T.; in 0.33 part 
of boiling water and in 1.4 part of boiling alcohol. <U. S. , p 361 F C F, p 752. 

SODII NITRAS. Sodium Nitrate. NaNO,. 

Sodium nitrate is quite similar to potassium nitrate or saltpetre and is some- 
times sold for it. It is somewhat deliquescent in moist air, soluble in 1.3 parts of 
water and in about 100 parts of alcohol at N T. ; in 0.6 part of boiling water and in 
40 parts of boiling alcohol. At 3i2°C. (593. 6°F.) it melts without decomposition, 
and at a higher temperature parts with oxygen and is reduced to a nitrite. <U. 
S., p 362. F C F, p 752. 

SODII NITRIS. Sodium Nitrite. NaN0 2 . new. 

Soluble in 1.5 parts of water at N T., and very soluble in boiling water, but 
slightly soluble in alcohol, U. S., p 363. F C F, p 752. 

SODII PHOSPHAS. Sodium Phosphate. Sodium Ortho- 
phosphate. Na 2 HP0 4 -f i2H 2 0. 

Exposed to the air this salt gradually effloresces, losing 25 per cent, of its weight. 
Soluble in 5.8 parts of water at N T., and in about 1.5 parts of boiling water; it is 
insoluble in alcohol. It fuses at about 40°C. (i04°F.) making a colorless liquid. 
At roo°C. (2I2°F.) it loses its water of crystallization, (60.3 per cent.) and at a red 
heat is converted into sodium pyrophosphate. <U. S., p 363. F C F, p 753. 

SODII PYROPHOSPHAS. Sodium Pyrophosphate. Na 4 P 2 Q 
+ ioH 2 0. 

Soluble in 12 parts of water at N T., and in 1. 1 parts of boiling water. Insolu- 
ble in alcohol. <U. S., p 364. F C F. p 754. 

SODII SALICYLAS. Sodium Salicylate. NaC 7 H 5 3 . 

Soluble in 0.9 part of water and in 6 parts of alcohol at N T. Also soluble in 
glycerin. <IJ. S., p 365. F C F, p 754. 

SODII SULPHAS. Sodium Sulphate. Glauber's Salt. Na 2 
S0 4 +ioH 2 0. 

This salt effloresces when exposed the to air, and finally loses all its water of crys- 
tallization. Soluble in 2.8 parts of water at N T.; also in glycerin, but insoluble 
in alcohol. It fuses at 33°C. (ii4°F.), and when heated to ioo°C. (2i2°F.), parts 
with all its water of crystallization (55.9 per cent.). <U. S., p 366. F C I' , p 

755- 

SODII SULPHIS. Sodium Sulphite. Na 2 S0 3 7H 2 0. 

Soluble in 4 parts of water at N T. and in 0.9 part of boiling water; but slightly 
soluble in alcohol. <U. S., p 366, F C F, p 755. 

SODII SULPHOCARBOLAS. Sodium Sulphocarbolate. So- 
dium Paraphenolsulphonate. NaS0 3 C 6 H 4 (OH)-L-2H 2 0. 

Soluble in 4.8 parts of water and in 132 parts of alcohol at N T.; in 0.7 part of 
boiling water and in 10 parts of boiling alcohol. At a little above ioo°C. (2I2°F.) 
it loses all its water of crystallization (15.5 per cent.) and becomes white. <U. S., 
p 367. F C F. p 756. 

SPARTEINE SULPHAS. Sparteine Sulphate. C K ,H 26 N 2 H 3 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 139 

S0 4 4-4H 2 0. "The neutral sulphate of an alkaloid obtained from 
Scoparius." new. <U. S., p 367. 

This alkaloidal salt is newly introduced into the Pharm. It is described as 
colorless, white prismatic crystals or granular powder, odorless and having- a 
slightly saline, somewhat bitter taste. Very soluble in alcohol and water. Its 
action is claimed to resemble digitalis and the dose is from 1^ to 2 grains. 

SPIRITI. Spirits. In the new Pharm. four new spirits have been added. 
Spiritus Amygdala Amarce, Spiritjis Glonoini, Spiritus Aurantii Compositus, 
and Spiritus P/wsphori, and one has been dismissed, Spiritus Odoratus. 

It will be noted that in many of the spirits deodorized alcohol is now directed. 
This is a great improvement in the more delicate spirits intended for flavoring, as 
ordinary alcohol has an objectionable odor. 

The formulas apparently show considerable change because of the use of metric 
measure chiefly, instead of parts by weight, the varying specific gravity of the in- 
gredients making it necessary to change the figures, but in reality the proportions 
are but little altered. The change in strength also in ether and acids must be 
borne in mind in working the new formulas. For formulas of other spirits, of 
which there are many <FCF, p 759 to 772. 

SPIRITUS tETHERIS. Spirit of Ether. The present form- 
ula is, ether 325 Cc. (or 11 fl. ounces), alcohol 675 Cc. (or 22^ 
fl. ounces). They are to be mixed to make 1000 Cc. (or 2>2> 7 /^ 
fl. ounces). <U. S., p 368. F C F, p 759. 

Ether was directed in the earlier editions of the 1SS0 Pharm but it was claimed 
to be an error, and was afterward changed to read stronger ether, which was in- 
tended, and which nearly corresponds with the present official ether. 

SPIRITUS jETHERIS COMPOSITUS. Compound Spirit of 
Ether. Hoffmann's Anodyne. The present formula is ether 325 
Cc. (or 11 fl. ounces), alcohol 650 Cc. (or 22 fl. ounces), etherial oil 
25 Cc. (or 7 fl. drachms). To be mixed together to make 3000 Cc. 
(or 331 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 368. F C F, p 760. 

SPIRITUS ^THERIS NITROSL Spirit of Nitrous Ether. 
"An alcoholic solution of ethyl nitrite, C 2 H NO B , yielding, when 
freshly prepared and tested in a nitrometer, not less than 11 times 
its own volume of nitrogen dioxide. NO." <U. S., p 369. F C 
F, p 760. 

The present formula is entirely and materially changed, and is 
as follows: Sodium nitrite 770 gra (or 27 ounces aw-j-70 grains), 
sulphuric acid 520 gm. (or 17 ounces av. -f~ 150 grains), sodium 
carbonate 10 gm. (or 154 grains), potassium carbonate, completely 
deprived of water by drying, 30 gm. (or 463 grains), deodorized 
alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity. The sodium nitrite 
is to be dissolved in 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces) of water, and the 
solution pat into a suitable flask, connected with a condenser 



140 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

which is to be kept cold by ice-cold water. Deodorized alcohol 
550 Cc. (or 18^ fl. ounces) is then to be added and well mixed. 
A funnel-tube is then to be inserted through a cork fitted into the 
mouth of the flask, and is to be so arranged that its lower orifice 
is beneath the surface of the liquid in the flask; a receiver is to be 
connected with the condenser, and is to be kept surrounded with 
a mixture of common salt and crushed ice. When all is arranged 
the sulphuric acid previously diluted with 1000 Cc.(or 34 fl. ounces) 
of water is to be gradually introduced through the funnel-tube 
into the flask. The addition of the acid generates heat and dis- 
tillation will usually begin before the acid has all been added. 
When all the acid has been added the distillation is to be regulated 
either by the application or withdrawal of gentle heat until no 
more nitrous ether distills over. The distillate is first to be 
washed with 100 Cc. (or 4 ounces) of ice-cold water, to remove 
any alcohol which may have passed over, and then with 100 Cc. 
(or 4 ounces) of ice-cold water in which the sodium carbonate has 
previously been dissolved in order to removed any trace of acid 
that may have passed over. The purified ether is then to be 
separated from the aqueous liquid and agitated in a well-stoppered 
vial with the potassium carbonate to remove any trace of water. 
It is then to be filtered through a pellet of cotton in a covered 
funnel into a tared (weighed) bottle containing 2000 Cc. (or 67^3 
fl. ounces) of deodorized alcohol. The increase of weight of the 
tared bottle and its contents is to be noted and represents the 
weight of the nitrous ether filtered into the alcohol; enough 
deodorized alcohol is then to be added to make the mixture 
weigh 22 times the weight of the nitrous ether added. 

The sp. gv. of this spirt at N T. should be about 0.836 to c.842, and it should 
contain about 4 per cent, of pure ethyl nitrite. The previous Pharm. formula claim- 
ed to make this preparation to contain 5 per cent, of ethyl nitrite, and to have a 
sp. gr. of 0.823 to 0.825. 

SPIRITUS AMMONLE. Spirit of Ammonia. "An alcoholic 
solution of ammonia, NH 3 , containing 10 per cent., by weight, of 
the gas." <U. S., p 370. F C F, p 761. 

The formula is the same as before except that metric measure 
is directed instead of parts. Stronger ammonia water 250 Cc. (or 
1 pint), alcohol, recently distilled, and after distillation, kept in 
glass vessels, a sufficient quantity. The stronger ammonia water 
is to be poured into a flask provided with a safty funnel and con- 
nected by means of a glass condenser with a well-cooied receiver 
containing 500 Cc. (or 2 pints) of alcohol, the delivery tube 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. I41 

of the condenser reaching nearly to the bottom of the receiver. 
The flask is then to be heated carefully and very gradually to a 
temperature not exceeding 6o° C (140 F.), and maintained at that 
temperature for about 10 minutes. The receiver is then to be dis- 
connected and, having ascertained the ammoniacal strength of 
the contents by means of normal sulphuric acid (rosolic acid test- 
solution being used as indicator), enough alcohol is to be added 
to make the product contain 10 per cent., by weight of ammonia. 

It should be colorless, having a strong odor of ammonia and sp. gr. at N T. 
about 0.810. 

SPIRITUS AMMONITE AROMATICUS. Aromatic Spirit of 
Ammonia. The present formula differs slightly from the former 
but the medicinal ingredients are the same. Ammonium carbo- 
nate, in translucent pieces, 34 gm. (or 1 ounce av. -f- 87 grains), 
ammonia water 90 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), oil of lemon 10 Cc. (or 160 
minims), oil of lavender flowers 1 Cc. (or 16 minims), alcohol 700 Cc 
(or 232/j fl. ounces), distilled water a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. (or 33J fl. ounces). The ammonia water is to be put in a 
flask and distilled water 140 Cc. (or 4^ fl. ounces) is to be added, 
and afterwards the ammonium carbonate reduced to a moderately 
fine powder. The flask is to be stopped and agitated until the 
salt is dissolved (which requires some time). The alcohol is to be 
put into a graduated bottle of suitable capacity, the oils added 
and then gradually the solution of ammonium carbonate, and 
afterwards enough distilled water to make the product measure 
1000 Cc. (or 2,3^ fl. ounces). This is to be set aside in a cool place 
for a few hours and then filtered through white paper in a well- 
covered funnel. <U. S., p 371. F C F, p 761. 

This is nearly colorless when first prepared, but gradually acquires a somewhat 
darker tint. Its sp gr. is 0.905 at N T. 

SPIRITUS AMYGDALA AMARiE. Spirit of Bitter Almond. 

Essence of Bitter Almond, new. Oil of bitter almond 10 Cc. 
(or 1 fl.drathm), alcohol 800 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces), distilled water a 
sufficient quantity. The oil is to be dissolved in the alcohol and 
enough distilled water added to make 1000 Cc. (or 12^2 fl. ounces). 
It contains 10 per cent, by volume of the essential oil. <U. S., 
p 371. F C F, p 410. 

SPIRITUS ANISI. Spirit of Anise. Oil of anise 100 Cc. (or 
1 fl. ounce), deodorized alcohol 900 Cc. (or 9 fl. ounces). They are 
to be mixed. It contains 10 per cent., by volume, of the essential 
oil. <U, S, p 372. F C F, p 764. 



142 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

SPIRITUS AURANTII. Spirit of Orange. Oil of orange peel 
50 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), deodorized alcohol 950 Cc. (or 19 fl. ounces). 
They are to be mixed. <U. S., p 372. F C F, p 764. 

Care must be taken to use fresh orange oil that has no odor of turpentine. It con- 
tains 5 per cent., by volume, of the essential oil. 

SPIRITUS AURANTII COMPOSITUS. Compound Spirit of 
Orange, new. Oil of orange peel 200 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces), oil of 
lemon'50 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), oil of coriander 20 Cc. (or 96 minims), 
oil of anise 5 Cc. (or 48 minims), deodorized alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The)' are to be mixed 
and the mixture is to be kept in small bottles well-stopped in a 
cool place. <U. S., p F C F, p 276. 

Care must be taken to use fresh oil of orange and lemon, which has no odor of 
turpentine. 

SPIRITUS CAMPHORS. Spirit of Camphor. Of all prepa- 
rations which were changed in the 1880 Paarm. this, probably, 
caused the greatest dissatisfaction, as it contained 20 per cent., 
by weight, of water, which unfitted it for mixing with many 
liniments and solutions of oils in which it is frequently required. 
The present formula omits the water and does away with the 
objection. Camphor 100 gm (or 3)^ ounces av.), alcohol a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or' 33 fl. ounces). The 
camphor is to be dissolved in 800 Cc. (or 25 fl. ounces) of alcohol, 
and the solution filtered through paper; and then, enough alcohol 
added through the filter to make the required measure 1000 Cc. 
(or 33 fl. ounces). It contains 10 per cent, of camphor. <U. S., 
p 372. F C F, p 765. 

SPIRITUS CHLOROFORMI. Spirit of Chloroform. The 
present formula is: Chloroform 60 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), alcohol 940 
Cc. (or 31^ fl. ounces). They are to be mixed. It contains 6 per 
cent, by measure, or nearly 10 per cent., by weight, of chloroform, 
<U. S., P373- FCF, p 765. 

SPIRITUS CINNAMOMI. Spirit of Cinnamon. Oil of cin- 
namon 100 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), alcohol 900 Cc. (or 9 fl. ounces). 
They are to be mixed. It contains 10 per cent., by measure, of 
cinnamon oil. <U. S., p 373. F C F, p 766. 

SPIRITUS FRUMENTI. Whisky. "An alcoholic liquid ob- 
tained by the distillation of the mash of fermented grain (usually of 
mixtures of corn, v/heat and rye), and at least two years old." 
<U- S., p 373- F C F, p 767. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. I43 

To many druggists this is a "familiar spirit." Itssp.gr. should not be more 
than 0.930 nor less than 0.917,* corresponding, approximately, to an alcoholic 
strength of 44 to 50 per cent, by weight, or 50 to 58 per cent, by volume. 

SPIRITUS GAULTHERIA. Spirit of Gaultheria. Essence 
of Wintergreen. Oil of gaultheria 50 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), alcohol 
950 Cc. (or 19 fl. ounces). They are to be mixed. <U. S., p 373. 
F C F. p 767. 

The 1880 formula was 3 parts of the oil with 97 parts, by weight, of alcohol. 

SPIRITUS GLONOINI. Spirit of Glonoin. Spirit of Nitro- 
glycerin. "An alcoholic solution of glonoin [Glyceryl (or 
Propenyl) trinitrate, or nitroglycerin; C 3 H 5 (N0 3 ) 3 ], containing 
1 per cent., by weight, of the substance." new. <U. S., p 374. 
FCF, P5 i6. 

Great care should be used in handling this spirit, for although it is safe as it is, 
if the alcohol should be evaporated, leaving the nitroglycerin free, an explosion 
might occur. Its sp. gr. is 0.826 to 0.832 at N T. The dose is ^\^ to -g^ grain. 

SPIRITUS JUNIPERI. Spirit of Juniper. Oil of juniper 50 
Cc. (or 1 fl, ounce), alcohol 950 Cc. (or 19 fl. ounces). They are to 
be mixed. It contains 5 per cent., by volume, of the essential oil. 
The 1880 revision directed 3 parts of the oil with 97 parts of 
alcohol, by weight. 

SPIRITUS JUNIPERI COMPOSITUS. Compound Spirit of 
Juniper. Oil of juniper 8 Cc. (or 8 minims), oil of caraway 1 Cc. 
(or 1 minim), oil of fennel 1 Cc. (or 1 minim), alcohol 1400 Cc. (or 
3 fl. ounces), water a sufficient quantity to make 2000 Cc. (or 4 
fl. ounces -j- 75 minims). The oils are to be dissolved in the 
alcohol and enough water gradually added to make the product 
2000 gm (or 4}i fl. ounces). <U. S., p 374. F C F, p 768. 
The 1880 formula was oil of juniper 10 parts, oil of caraway 1 part, 
oil of fennel 1 part, alcohol 3000 parts, water enough to make 
5000 parts, all by weight. 

SPIRITUS LAVENDULA. Spirit of Lavender. Oil of laven- 
der flowers 50 Cc. (or 1 ounce), deodorized alcohol 950 Cc. (or 19 
fl. ounces. They are to be mixed. The present formula directs 5 
per cent, of the volatile oil, by volume, the 1880 Pharm. directs 3 
parts of the oil with 97 parts of alcohol, by weight. <U. S., p 
375. FCF, p 768. 

SPIRITUS LIMONIS. Spirit of Lemon. Essence of Lemon. 
The present formula directs oil of lemon 50 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), 
lemon peel grated 50 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), deodorized alcohol, 
sufficient to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The oil of lemon is 



144 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

to be dissolved in 900 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces) of deodorized alcohol 
and the grated lemon peel added, and the mixture allowed to 
macerate for 24 hours. It is then to be filtered and enough de- 
odorized alcohol passed through the filter to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 
fl. ounces) of the essence. <U. S., p 375. FCF, p 417, 768. 
This contains 5 per cent., by volume, of the essential oil. 

SPIRITUS MENTHA PIPERITA. Spirit of Peppermint. 
Essence of Peppermint. .Oil of peppermint 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces), 
peppermint bruised 10 gm. (or 93 grains), alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The oil of pepper- 
mint is to be dissolved in 900 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces) o£ alcohol, and 
the peppermint added and the mixture allowed to macerate for 24 
hours. It is then to be filtered and enough alcohol passed through 
the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). U. S., 
P 375- F C F, p 769. This contains 10 percent., by volume, of 
the essential oil. 

SPIRITUS MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spirit of Spearmint. Es- 
sence of Spearmint. Oil of spearmint 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces), 
spearmint, bruised, 10 gm. (or 93 grains), alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The oil of spearmint 
is to be dissolved in 900 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces) of alcohol and the 
spearmint added and the mixture allowed to macerate for 24 
hours. It is then to be filtered and enough alcohol passed through 
the filter to make the measure 1000 gin. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. 
S., p 376. F C F, p 769. This contains 10 per cent., by volume, 
of the essential oil. 

SPIRITUS MYRCIA. Spirit of Myrcia. Bay Rum. This 
was first introduced in the 1880 Pharm. and the preparation re- 
mains practically the same in the present revision. Oil of myrcia 
16 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), oil of orange peel 1 Cc. (or y 2 fl. drachm), oil 
of pimenta 1 Cc. (or % fl. drachm), alcohol 1220 Cc. (or 81^ 
fl. ounces), water a sufficient quantity to make 2000 Cc. (or 125 
fl. ounces). The oils are to be mixed with the alcohol, and water 
gradually added until the solution measures 2000 Cc. (or 125 
fl. ounces). The mixture is to be set aside in a a well-stoppered 
bottle, for 8 days, and then filtered through paper in a well- 
covered funnel. <U. S., p 376. F C F, p 770, 1144. 

SPIRITUS MYRISTIC^E. Spirit of Nutmeg. Essence of 
Nutmeg. The present formula is: Oil of nutmeg 50 Cc. (or 1 
fl.ounce), alcohol 950 Cc. (or 19 fl, ounces). They are to be mixed. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. I45 

It contains 5 per cent., by volume, of the essential oil. <U. S., 
p 376. F C F, p 770. The 1880 Pharm. directed 3 parts of the 
oil with 97 parts of alcohol, by weight. 

SPIRITUS PHOSPHORI. Spirit of Phosphorus. Tincture 
of Phosphorus, new. Phosphorus 1.2 gm. (or 18^ grains), 
absolute alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 33^5 
fl. ounces). The phosphorus is to be carefully weighed, in a tared 
(weighed) capsule containing water, then quickly dried with blot- 
ting paper and introduced into a flask containing 1000 Cc. (or 
SS 7 A A. ounces) of absolute alcohol. The flask is to be connected 
with an upright condenser supplied with cold water, and heat is to 
be applied to the flask by water-bath so that the alcohol may be 
kept gently boiling until the phosphorus is dissolved. The liquid 
is then allowed to become cold, and, if necessary, enough absolute 
alcohol is to be added to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 33^ 
fl. ounces)." <U. S., p 377. 

This spirit should contain about g^ per cent, of phosphorous, or a little less 
than ]/ z grain in a fl. ounce, or about y^ grain in 10 minims, which is the ordinary 
dose. 

SPIRITUS VINI GALLICI. Brandy. "An alcoholic liquid 
obtained by the distillation of the fermented, unmodified juice of 
fresh grapes, and at least four years old." <U. S., p 377. F C 
F, p 771, 1187. 

Sp. gr. not more than 0.941 nor less than 0.925, corresponding, approximately, 
to an alcoholic strength of 39 to 47 percent, by weight, or 46 to 55 per cent., by 
volume. 

STRONTII BROMIDUM. Strontium Bromide. SrBr 2 -f 6H 2 0. 

new. 

This salt has lately come into prominence in the treatment of epilepsy, and some 
forms of nervous disease. It is prescribed in doses of 5 to 15 grains. It is solu- 
ble in 1.05 parts of water at N T. and in 0,5 part of boiling water. It is also solu- 
ble in alcohol. U. S., p 378. F C F, p 774. 

STRONTII IODIDIUM. Strontium Iodide. SrI 2 -|-6H 2 0. new. 

This salt has also, lately come into use for the treatment of albumninuria, rheu- 
matism, etc. The dose is from 3 to 10 grains. It is soluble in 0.6 part of water 
at N T. and in 0.27 part of boiling water. It is also soluble in alcohol. <U. S., 
p 379. F C F, p 774- 

STRONTII LACTAS. Strontium Lactate. Sr(C 3 H 5 3 ) 2 -j- 3 

H 2 0. new. 

Another strontium salt which has met with favor for uses similar to the preced- 
ing. The dose is from 3 10 10 grains. Soluble in about 4 parts of wai< at N T. 
and in about 0.5 part of boiling water, It is also soluble in alcohol. <U. S. , p 
380. FCF, p774- 



146 fenner's hand-rook of 



STRYCHNINA. Strychnine. C 21 H 22 N 2 2 . "An alkaloid ob- 
tained from Nux Vomica, and also obtainable from other plants of 
the natural order Loganiacece." <U. S.. p 381. F C F, p 130. 

Strychnine has such an intensly bitter taste that its solution even as dilute as 1 in 
700,000 may be recognized. It is soluble in 6700 parts of water, and in no parts 
of alcohol at N T.; in 2500 parts of boiling water and in 12 parts of boiling alcohol. 
It is insoluble in ether but soluble in 7 parts of chloroform. 

STRYCHNINE SULPHAS. Strychnine Sulphate. (C 21 H Q2 N, 
b 1 ),H,SO.+5H,0. 

Soluble in 50 parts of water and in 109 parts of alcohol at NT.; in 2 parts of 
boiling water and in 8.5 parts of boiling alcohol; almost insoluble in ether. The 
dose is from y^ to 3 V grain. <U. S., p 381. F C F, p 131, 

STYRAX. Storax. "A balsam prepared from the inner bark 
of Liquidambar orientalist <U. S., p 382'. F C F, p 182. 

This balsam is insoluble in water, but soluble in an equal weight of warm alco- 
hol. 

SULPHURIS IODIDUM. Sulphur Iodide. Washed sulphur 
10 gm. (or 1 ounce), iodine 80 gm. (or 4 ounces). The sulphur 
and iodine are to be thoroughly mixed by triturating them to- 
gether in a mortar. The mixture is then to be introduced into a 
flask which is to be loosely stopped. Then heat is to be applied 
to the flask by means of a water-bath, gradually, and not exced- 
ing 6o° C. (140 F.), and the flask is to be agitated occasionally 
until the ingredients combine and become of a uniformily dark 
color throughout. The heat is then to be increased to the boiling 
point of the water so as to fuse the mass, and if any iodine has 
sublimed the flask containing the fused mass is to be inclined so 
that the iodine may combine. The contents of the flask is then to 
be poured out upon a plate or other cold surface, and after cool- 
ing, the product is to be broken up and kept in glass-stoppered 
bottles in a cool place. <U. S., p 382. F C F, p 780. 

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in about 60 parts of glycerin, very soluble in 
carbon disulphide. Alcohol and ether dissolve out the iodine, leaving the sulphur. 

SULPHUR LOTUM. Washed Sulphur. S. Sublimed sulphur 
100 gm. (or 10 ounces), ammonia water 10 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), 
water a sufficient quantity. The sublimed sulphur is to be passed 
through a No. 30 sieve and mixed thoroughly with 100 Cc. (or 10 
ounces), of water to which 10 Cc. (or 1 ounce) of ammonia water 
has been added. This is to be digested in a closed vessel for 3 
days, with occasional agitation, then 100 Cc. (or 10 ounces) of 
water is to be added, the mixture transferred to a muslin strainer 
and the sulphur washed with water until the washings cease to 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPiEIA. 1 47 

impart a blue color to red litmus paper. It is then to be drained, 
pressed and dried, and passed through a No. 30 sieve. <U. S., p 
383. F C F, p 779. 

The washing of the sulphur removes all free sulphurous acid. This preparation 
is insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in other common media, but a portion 
of it dissolves readily in carbon disulphide, leaving a residue of insoluble sulphur. 
which may be dissolved by a boiling solution of an alkaline hydrate. Heated to 
ir5°C. (239°F.) it melts, and at a higher temperature volatilizes. 

SULPHUR PRiECIPITATUM. Precipitated Sulphur. S. 

This preparation is commonly known as Lac Sulplmr. Sublimed 
sulphur 100 gm. (or 10 ounces), lime 50 gm. (or 5 ounces), hydro- 
chloric acid and water, each, a sufficient quantity. The lime is to 
be slacked and mixed uniformily with 500 Cc. (or 50 ounces) of 
water. To this the sublimed sulphur, previously well dried and 
sifted, is to be added and well mixed. Then 1000 Cc. (or 100 
ounces) of water is to be added and the mixture boiled during 1 
hour, stirring constantly, and replacing occasionally the water lost 
by evaporation. The vessel is then to be covered and the con- 
tents allowed to cool and become clear by the subsidence of the 
precipitate; then the clear solution is to be drawn off and the re- 
mainder filtered, and the filtered solution mixed with the portion 
drawn off. To this liquid hydrochloric acid previously diluted 
with an equal volume of water is to be gradually added with con- 
stant stirring until the liquid is nearly neutralized, but still retains 
an alkaline reaction and a yellow color. The precipitate which 
forms is to be collected on a strainer and washed until the wash- 
ings are tasteless and cease to show an acid reaction with litmus 
paper. It is then to be rapidly dried at a moderate heat and kept 
in well-stoppered bottles. <U. S., p 384. F C F, p 779. 

Heated to 115C. (230/F.) this melts, and at a higher temperature is volatilized. 
It is insoluble in water, and only slightly soluble in other common media. It is 
readily soluble in carbon disulphide. also in benzin, benzol, oil of turpentine, and 
many other oils, and in ether, chloroform, and boiling aqueous solutions of alka- 
line hydrates. 

SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM. Sublimed Sulphur. S. This is 
commonly known as "sulphur," or "flowers of sulphur." It is in- 
soluble in water and but slightly soluble in other common media. 
It melts at 115 C. (239 F.), and is volatilized at a higher tem- 
perature. It combines chemically with several of the elements 
forming sulphides. <U. S., p 385. F C F, p 878. 

SUPPOSITORIA. Suppositories. In the present Pharm. the 
general formula and directions for preparing suppositories are 



148 fenner's hand-book of 

essentially the same as in the former revision, but as the language 
is different we quote from the new. "Take of the medicinal in- 
gredient, the prescribed quantity, oil of theobroma a sufficient 
quantity. Having weighed out the medicinal ingredient or ingre- 
dients, and the quantity of oil of theobroma required according to 
the kind of suppository to be prepared, (see below), mix the medi- 
cinal portion (previously brought to the proper consistence if 
necessary) with a small quantity of the oil of theobroma by 
rubbing them together, and add the mixture to the remainder of 
the oil of theobroma, previously melted and cooled to the tem- 
perature of 35 C. (95 F.). Then mix thoroughly without 
applying more heat, and immediately pour the mixture into suit- 
able moulds. The moulds must be kept cold by being placed on 
ice or by immersion in ice-cold water before the melted mass is 
poured in. In the absence of suitable moulds, suppositories may 
be formed by allowing the mixture, prepared as above,- to cool, 
care being taken to keep the ingredients well mixed, dividing the 
mass into parts, of a definite weight each, of the proper shape. 
Unless otherwise specified suppositories should have the following 
weights and shapes, corresponding to their several uses:" 

Rectal Suppositories should be cone-shaped, and of a weight of 
about one (1) gramme (15 grains.) 

Urethral Suppositories should be pencil-shaped, and of a weight of 
about one (1) gramme (15 grains). 

Vaginal Suppositories should be globular, and of a weight of about 
three (3) grammes (46 grains). <U. S., p 385. F C F, p 782. 

SUPPOSITORIA GLYCERINI. Suppositories of Glycerin. 
new. Suppositories of glycerin have been recently introduced and 
are now, for the first time, made official. Glycerin 60 gm. (or 2 
ounces av. -f- 51 grains), sodium carbonate 3 gm. (or 46 grains), 
stearic acid 5 gm. (or 77 grains), to make 10 rectal suppositories. 
The sodium carbonate is to be dissolved in the glycerin in a 
capsule by the aid of the heat of a water-bath. The stearic acid 
is then to be added and the mixture carefully heated until it is 
dissolved and the escape of carbonic acid gas has ceased. The 
melted mass is then to be poured into suitable moulds, and, when 
they are cold the suppositories are to be removed and wrapped in 
tinfoil. These should be freshly made when wanted for use. 
They are highly esteemed for habitual constipation. Other 
medicament may be added if desired. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 149 

SYRUPI. Syrups. In the present Pharm. two syrups which were official in 
the former revision have been dismissed, viz: Syrnpus Ferri Bromidi and Syrnpus 
Limonis. No new ones have been added. 

In adopting metric weight and measure in the formulas, there appears a consid- 
erable change, relatively, from the former standard but when the sp. gr. of the 
syrups is taken into account the general change is really slight. In formulas which 
are materially altered the change is noted. For syrups, other than the official, of 
which there are many <FCF,p 790 to 867. 

SYRUPUS. Syrup. In the drug business this is commonly 
known as simple syrup and is prescribed by most physicians, abbre- 
viated "Syr: Simp." [syrupus simplex or, in the genitive, following 
I£, syrupi simplicis). It is probably the most used of any official 
preparation. The present formula is: Sugar in coarse powder 850 
gm. (or 30 ounces av.), distilled water enough to make 1000 Cc. 
(or 34 fl. ounces). The sugar is to be dissolved with aid the of heat in 
450 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces) of distilled water, the temperature is then 
to be raised to the boiling point, and the syrup is to be strained 
and enough distilled water passed through the strainer to make 
the product, when cold, measure 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). <U. 
S., p 386. F C F, p 791. A cold process for preparing syrup is 
also given in the new Pharm., p 387 as follows: 

"Press down into the neck of a percolater or funnel of suitable size, a tapering 
piece of coarse, well-cleaned sponge, not too tightly, and in such a manner that the 
whole sponge shall be within the neck of the percolator, its upper end being about 
half an inch below its commencement. PJace the sugar into the apparatus, make 
its surface level without shaking or jarring, then carefully pour on 450 Cc. (or 16 
ounces) of distilled water, and regulate the flow of the liquid, if necessary, so that 
it will pass out in rapid drops. Return the first portions of the percolate, until it 
runs through clear, and, when all the liquid has passed, follow it by distilled water 
added in portions, so that all the sugar may be dissolved and the product measure 
1000 Cc. or 34 fl. ounces." 

The sp. gr. of the present official syrup is 1. 317, while the former official syrup 
was 1. 3 10, showing a little larger proportion of sugar in the present preparation. 
It may be stated that most druggists do not make syrup fully up to the official stan- 
dard, as it is liable to crystallize; 7 pounds av. of granulated sugar with enough 
distilled water to make 1 gallon, makes a good syrup for ordinary dispensing and 
use; a little less quantity of sugar is required in winter than in summer. 

SYRUPUS ACACIA. Syrup of Acacia. Mucilage of acacia, 
recently prepared, 25 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), syrup 75 Cc. (or 3 fl. 
ounces). Mix them when wanted for use. <U. S., p 387. F C 
F, p 792. 

SYRUPUS ACIDI CITRICI. Syrup of Citric Acid. As syrup 
of lemon is omitted in the present revision this is intended to take 
its place, and whenever syrup of lemon is prescribed it may be 



5° FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



used. The proportion of spirit of lemon is no doubt increased for 
that purpose. The present formula is: Citric acid 10 gm. (or 60 
grains), water 10 Cc. (or 1 fl. drachm), spirit of lemon to Cc. (or 1 
fl. drachm), syrup a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or i2}4 
fl. ounces). The citric acid is to be dissolved in the water and the 
solution mixed with 500 Cc. (or 6 ounces) of syrup. The spirit of 
lemon is then to be added, and lastly enough syrup to make the 
product 1000 Cc. (or 12^ fl.ounces), and the whole thoroughly 
mixed. <U. S., p 387. F C F, p 793. 

SYRUPUS ACIDI HYDRIODICI. Syrup of Hydriodic Acid. 
"A syrupy liquid containing about 1 per cent., by weight, of abso- 
lute Hydriodic acid (HI), or about 1.3 gm. in 100 Cc." <U. S., p 
388. F C F, p 793. Potassium iodide 13 gm. (or \5/% ounces av.)> 
potassium hypophosphite 1 gm. (or 55 grains), tartaric acid 12 gm. 
(or iy 2 ounces av.), water 15 Cc. (or 1^ fl.ounces), diluted alcohol 
and syrup, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 gm. (or 12^ 
ounces av.) The potassium salts are to be dissolved in the water, 
and the tartaric acid in 25 Cc. (or 3 fl.ounces) of diluted alcohol. 
The two solutions are then to be mixed in a vial and shaken 
thoroughly and placed in ice water for half an hour, shaking oc- 
casionally. The mixture is then to be filtered through a small, 
rapidly acting white filter paper, the vial carefully washed with 
diluted alcohol and the washings passed through the filter until 
the filtrate ceases to produce more than a faint cloudiness when a 
drop or two is allowed to fall into silver nitrate test-solution. The 
filtrate is then to be reduced by evaporation in a tared capsule on 
a water-bath to 50 gm. (or 6 1 ^ ounces av.), and when cold, enough 
syrup is to be added to make the product weigh 1000 gm. (or 12% 
ounces av.). <U. S., p 388. F C F, p 793. 

It will be noted that the present formula is entirely different than the former, 
which could not readily be prepared by ordinary druggists. Its sp. gr. should be 
about 1. 3 13 at N T. 

SYRUPUS ALLII. Syrup of Garlic. The present formula is: 
Fresh garlic, sliced and bruised, 200 gm. (or 2 ounces), sugar 800 
gm. (or 8 ounces), diluted acetic acid a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. (or 10 fl.ounees). The garlic is to be macerated with 300 
Cc. (or 3 fl.ounces) of diluted acetic acid during 4 days, and the 
liquid then expressed, avoiding the use of metallic utensils. The 
residue is to be again macerated with 200 Cc. (or 2 fl.ounces) of 
d. luted acetic acid, and the liquid expressed as before. The 
liquids are then to be mixed and filtered and the sugar dissolved 



THE U.S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 1 5 I 

in the filtrate by agitation, and enough diluted acetic acid added 
to make the product measure iooo Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces). <U S. ? 
p 388. F C F, p 793. 

This may also be prepared by percolating the sugar with the acetic tincture, and 
adding enough dilute acetic acid through the percolator to make the required meas- 
ure. The preparation is about the same as before. 

SYRUPUS ALTEMJE. Syrup of Althaea. Althaea, cut into 
small pieces, 50 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), alcohol 30 Cc. (or 5 fl. 
drachms), glycerin 100 Cc. (or 2 fl. ounces), sugar 700 gm. (or 14^ 
ounces), water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. 
ounces). The althaea is first to be washed with cold water, and 
then macerated with 400 Cc. (or 8 ounces) of water, previously 
mixed with the alcohol, during 1 hour, frequently stirring. It is 
then to be strained without expressing the residue. The sugar is 
to be dissolved by agitation in the strained liquid, without heat, 
the glycerin added and then enough water to make the product 
1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 389. F C F, p 794. 

This syrup, as made by the former formula, was very liable to ferment. The 
glycerin and alcohol are intended to prevent this. 

SYRUPUS AMYGDALAE. Syrup of Almond. Sweet almond 
140 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), bitter almond 40 gm. (or ]/% ounce av.), 
sugar 200 gm. (or 4^ ounces av.), orange flower water 100 Cc. (or 
2 fl. ounces), water 200 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces), syrup a sufficient quan- 
tity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). In the present Pharm. 
the directions for making this syrup are evidently wrong or in- 
complete, as they do not correspond with the ingredients of the 
formula. We therefore give such directions as would seem to be 
intended, but think the old formula would be better. The almonds 
are to be blanched and rubbed in a mortar with 100 gm. (or 2 
ounces) of sugar, and 30 Cc. (or ^ fl. ounce) of water, to a smooth 
paste. This is to be mixed with the orange flower water, and 200 
Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces) of water, and strained with strong expression. 
To the residue 100 Cc.(or 2 ounces) of water is to be added and the 
liquid expressed as before and added to the former product. This 
is to be strained and the sugar dissolved in the liquid, without 
heat, and enough syrup added to make the product measure 1000 
Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 389. F C F, p 794. 

SYRUPUS AURANTII. Syrup of Orange. The former 
Pharm. contemplated the use of dried sweet orange peel, while the 
new Pharm. directs the fresh peel, which is much to be preferred. 
Sweet orange peel, taken from the fresh fruit, 50 gm. (or 1 ounce), 



152 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

precipitated calcium phosphate 50 gm. (or 1 ounce), sugar 700 gm. 
(or 14 ounces), alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to 
made 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The orange peel should be freed 
as much as possible from the inner white layer, and cut into small 
pieces. It is of advantage also that it be pounded in a mortar to 
a pulpy mass. This is to be put into a flask which is to be 
stopped loosely with a notched stopper, 80 Cc (or \S/ S fl. ounces) 
of alcohol added and heat applied by means of a water-bath until 
the alcohol boils, and continued thereafter for five minutes. The 
flask is then to be well stopped and set aside to cool. When cool 
the liquid is to be filtered off and the filter washed with alcohol 
until 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) have passed. The precipitated calcium 
phosphate is to be mixed in a mortar with 150 gm.(or 3 ounces) of 
sugar, and the tincture added, with constant trituration. 
To the resulting mass 300 Cc. (or 6 ounces) of water are to be 
added, triturating constantly, and the whole is to be transferred 
to a filter, returning the first portions, if necessary, until it runs 
through clear. In the filtrate the remainder of the sugar is to be 
dissolved and enough water added through the filter to make the 
measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 390. F C F, p 795. 
It will be of advantage to make this syrup according to F C F, p 
796, from oil of orange instead of the peel. 

SYRUPUS AURANTII FLORUM. Syrup of Orange Flowers. 
Sugar 850 gm. (or 17% ounces av.), orange flower water a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The sugar is 
to be dissolved in 450 Cc. (or 9 fl. ounces) of. orange flower water, 
by agitation, without heat, and enough orange flower water then 
added to make the product measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). 
This syrup may also be made by percolating the sugar with orange 
flower water until it is dissolved and 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces) are 
obtained. <U. S., p 390. F C F, p 796. - 

SYRUPUS CALCII LACTOPHOSPHATTS. Syrup of Calcium 
Lactophosphate. The present Pharm. formula is somewhat 
changed, phosphoric acid being used instead of hydrochloric, and 
water of ammonia omitted. Precipitated calcium phosphate 25 
gm. (or 228 grains), lactic acid 60 Cc. (or 1.2 fl. ounces), phosphoric 
acid 36 Cc. (or 6 fl. drachms), orange flower water 25 Cc. (or ^.8 
fl.drachms), sugar 700 gm. (or 14}^ ounces av.), water a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The lactic acid is to be 
mixed with 100 Cc. (or 2 fl. ounces) of water contained in a capa- 
cious mortar, and the calcium carbonate is to be added, gradually 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 



J 53 



in portions until it is dissolved. The phosphoric acid is then to 
be added and triturated until the precipitate at first formed is dis- 
solved. Then 150 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces) of water is to be added and 
the solution filtered, rinsing the mortar with 75 Cc. (or 1^ fl. 
ounces) of water and passing the washings through the filter. 
The orange flower water is then to be added to the mixed filtrates 
and the sugar dissolved in the liquid by agitation, without heat. 
The syrup is then to be strained and enough water passed through 
the strainer to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 391. 
F C F, p 797. 

SYRUPUS CALCIS. Syrup of Lime. Lime 65 gm. (or 1 
ounce), sugar 400 gm. (or 6 ounces), water, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 15 fl. ounces). The lime and sugar are to be 
triturated together in a mortar so as to form a homogeneous pow- 
der. The powder is then to be added to 500 Cc. (or iYz fl. ounces) 
of boiling water contained in a bright copper or tinned iron ves- 
sel, and the mixture boiled for 5 minutes, stirring constantly. It 
is then to be strained, and the strained liquid diluted with an 
equal volume of water and filtered through white filtering paper. 
The filtrate is then to be evaporated in a tared capsule, to 700 
gm. (or 10^ fl. ounces) and allowed to cool, and to it enough water 
added to make the product measure 1000 Cc. (or 15 fl. ounces). < 
U.S., p 391. FCF, P79 8. 

SYRUPUS FERRI IODIDI. Syrup of Ferrous Iodide. "A 
syrupy liquid containing about 10 per cent., by weight of Ferrous 
Iodide, (Fel 2 ), or about 13.4 gm. in 100 Cc." <U. S., p 392. F 
C F, p 800. 

Iron, in the form of bright wire, and cut in small pieces, 25 gm. 
(or 386 grains), iodine S^ gm. (or 2 ounces av. -}- 405 grains), 
Syrup and distilled water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
gm. (or 35 ounces av. -}- 48 grains). The iron is to be introduced 
into a thin flask having a capacity of about 500 Cc. (or 1 pint), and 
to it 150 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces of distilled water is to be added, and 
afterwards the iodine. The mixture is to be shaken occasionally, 
checking the reaction if necessary by pouring cold water over the 
flask, and, when the solution has acquired a greenish color and 
has lost the odor of iodine, it is to be heated to boiling. It is 
then to be rapidly filtered through a double filter, placed in a fun- 
nel, the lower orifice of which dips below the surface of 600 gm. 
(or 21 ounces av. -j- 72 grains) of syrup, contained in a tared ves- 
sel, When the solution has filtered, wash the flask and filter with 



154 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

a mixture of 25 Cc. (or 6^ fl. drachms) each, of distilled water and 
syrup, previously heated to nearly ioo°C. (2i2°F.). The funnel 
is then to be withdrawn, and enough syrup added to make the 
.product weigh 1000 gm. (or 35 ounces av. + 48 grains). The 
syrup should be kept in small well-stoppered and completely filled 
bottles. <U. S., p 392. F C F, p 800. 
The sp. gr. of this syrup is about 1.353 at N T. 

SYRUPUS FERRI QUININE ET STRYCHNINE PHOS- 
PHATUM. Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine, and 
Strychnine. The present formula differs considerably from the 
1880. Quinine sulphate is used instead of the alkaloid, glycerin 
is added, and the quantity of phosphoric acid directed is much less 
because of the increased acid strength of the new Pharm. prepara- 
tion. The proportion of iron and quinine are also increased and 
of strychnine slightly decreased. 

Soluble ferric phosphate 20 gm. (or 182 grains), quinine sul- 
phate 30 gm. (or 273 grains), Strychnine 0.2 gm. (or 1.8 grains), 
phosphoric acid, (1890) 48 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce — 20 minims), glyc- 
erin 100 Cc. (or 2 fl. ounces), water 50 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), syrup, a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The solu- 
ble ferric phosphate is to be dissolved in the water, in a porcelain 
capsule, by the aid of heat. The phosphoric acid is then to be 
added, then the quinine sulphate and strychnine, and the mixture 
is to be stirred until they are dissolved. The solution is then to 
be filtered into the glycerin, contained in a graduated bottle, and 
enough syrup added to make up the volume to 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. 
ounces). The syrup is to be strained if necessary. <U. S., P393 
F C F, p 802. 

SYRUPUS HYPOPHOSPHITUM. Syrup of Hypophosphites. 
This is the old "Compound Syrup of Flypophosphites of Lime, 
Soda and Potassa." wkich was formerly much used under the quot- 
ed title, and was also known as "Churchill's Syrup of Hypophos- 
phites Compound." At present, compound syrups of hypophos- 
phites containing quinine and strychnine are more generally used 
but no official formula is given. <F C F. 

Calcium hypophosphite 45 gm. (or 1 ounce av. -|- 258 grains), 
potassium hypophosphite 15 grn. (or 231 grains), sodium hypo- 
phosphite 15 gm. (or 231 grains), sugar 500 gm, (or 17^ ounces 
av.), diluted hypophosphorous acid 2 gm. (or 31 grains), spirit of 
lemon 5 Cc. (or 82 minims), water, a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. (or 33^ fl. ounces). The hypophosphites are to be mixed 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 155 

and triturated with 450 Cc. (or 15 ounces) of water until they are 
dissolved, the spirit of lemon, and the hypophosphorous acid are 
then to be added and the liquid filtered. The sugar is to be dis- 
solved in the filtrate, by agitation, without heat, and enough water 
added through the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 33^ fl. 
ounces). This syrup may also be made by percolating the sugar 
with the filtered liquid, and adding enough water through the per- 
colator to make the required measure. <U. S., p 393. F C F, p 
803. — <also p 834 to 838. 

SYRUPUS HYPOPHOSPHITUM CUM FERRO. Syrup of 
Hypophosphites with Iron. In the present formula, citrate of 
potassium is added, which covers the disagreeable ferrugenous 
taste of the iron salt. 

Ferrous lactate 10 gm. (or 57 grains), potassium citrate 10 gm. 
(or 57 grains), syrup of hypophosphites, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 12)4 fl. ounces). The ferrous lactate and pot- 
assium citrate are to be rubbed together with a small quantity of 
syrup gradually added, until they are dissolved. The solution is 
to be strained and enough syrup of hypophosphites added through 
the strainer to make the product measure 1000 Cc. (or 12^ fl. 
ounces). <U. S., p 394. F C F, p 804. This syrup should be 
freshly made when wanted. 

SYRUPUS IPECACUANHA. Syrup of Ipecac. Fluid extract 
of Ipec'ac 70 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce -J- 80 minims), acetic acid 10 Cc. 
(or 76 minims), glycerin 100 Cc. (or i 2 3 fl. ounces), sugar 700 gm. 
(or 12^/3 ounces aw), water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. 
(or 17 fl. ounces). The fluid extract of ipecac is to be diluted with 
300 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces) of water to which the acetic acid has pre- 
viously been added, and well mixed by shaking. The mixture is 
then to be filtered and enough water poured through the filter to 
make the measure 500 Cc. (or 8j4 fl. ounces). To this the glycerin 
is to be added and the sugar dissolved in the mixture; finally, add- 
ing enough water to make the product measure 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. 
ounces). U. S., p 394. F C F, p 805. 

It will be noted that this formula is entirely different than in the 1SS0 Pharm. 
which was simply 5 parts, by weight, of fluid extract of ipecac mixed with 95 parts 
by weight, of syrup. The fluid extract of the present Pharm. is made in an ent.rdy 
different manner than the 1880 preparation and retains the resinous matter in solu- 
tion. In the syrup, as above made this is partly dissolved by the aceric acid, and 
partly removed by filtration after the addition of the water. The glycerin which is 
added helps to hold some of the constituents of the ipecac in solution, but mainly 
acts as a preservative for this syrup which is always ready to ferment. The Pharm. 



156 fenner'-s hand-book of 

also adds that this syrup may be made by percolation in the manner directed under 
syrupus. 

SYRUPUS KRAMERIA. Syrup of Krameria. The formula 
for this syrup is about the same as in the 1880 Pharm., except that 
metric measure is substituted for parts by weight. Fluid extract 
of krameria 450 Cc. (or 4^ fl. ounces), syrup 550 Cc. (or 5 Yz fl. 
ounces). They are to be well mixed together. <U. S., p 395. 
F C F, p 806. 

SYRUPUS LACTUCARII. Syrup of Lactucarium. Tincture 
of lactucarium 100 Cc. (or 2 fl. ounces), precipitated calcium phos- 
phate 50 gm. (or 1 ounce), sugar 750 gm. (or 14^ ounces), water, 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The 
calcium phosphate is to be mixed with 150 gm. (or 3 ounces) of 
the sugar in a mortar and triturated with the tincture of lactu- 
carium, gradually added, and afterwards with 300 Cc. (or 6 fl. 
ounces) of water added in small portions at a time. The mixture 
is then to be filtered, the remainder of the sugar dissolved in the 
filtrate and enough water passed through the filter and adaed to 
the syrup to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). This 
may also be made by percolating the sugar with the filtered liquid 
as directed under syrupus. <U. S., p 395. F C F, p 806. 

It will be noted that the present formula is entirely different than the 1880, which 
directed fluid extract of lactucarium 5 parts, by weight, to be mixed with syrup 95 
parts. Fluid extract of lactucarium is now dismissed from the official list. The 
present formula makes a good preparation, but we would prefer to use magnesium 
carbonate instead of the precipitated calcium phosphate. 

SYRUPUS PICIS LIQUIDS. Syrup of Tar. Tar 75 gm. (or 
2^ ounces), water 150 Cc. (or 4^2 fl. ounces), boiling distilled 
water 400 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces), glycerin 100 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), 
sugar 800 gm. (or 25 ounces av.), distilled water, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make 1000 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces). The tar is to be intimate- 
ly mixed with about 100 gm. (or 3 ounces) of white sand, the water 
is to be poured upon it and stirred frequently during 12 hours, 
then poured off and thrown away. The boiling water is then to 
be poured upon the residue and well stirred frequently, during 15 
minutes; the glycerin is then to be added and the vessel covered 
and set aside for 24 hours, stirring occasionally. The clear solu- 
tion is then to be decanted and filtered, and the sugar dissolved 
in the filtrate by the aid of heat; the syrup is then to be strained 
and enough distilled water passed through the strainer to make 
the measure 1000 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 396. F C F, p 
809. , 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 157 

We would suggest that pine sawdust is preferable to the sand for mixing with the 
tar. <F C F, p 810. The glycerin acts as a preservative, and is a good addition. 

SYRUPUS PRUNI VIRGINIANS. Syrup of Wild Cherry. 

In this preparation the present formula increases the percentage 
of glycerin to 15 per cent., by volume, which is nearly 4 times as 
much as before, this is an advantage as it helps to preserve the 
syrup from fermentation, and also to hold the astringent consti- 
tuents in solution. 

Wild cherry, in No. 20 powder, 150 gm. (or 7^2 ounces av.), 
sugar 700 gm. (or 35 ounces av.), glycerin i5oCc.(or 7^ fl. ounces) 
water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 48 fl. ounces). The 
glycerin is to be mixed with 300 Cc. (or 15 ounces) of water, and 
the wild cherry moistened with a sufficient quantity of the mixture 
and macerated for 24 hours in a close earthenware vessel. It is 
then to be packed firmly in a percolator, the remainder of the 
menstruum poured upon it and when it has disappeared from the 
surface, followed by the water until 450 Cc. (or 22 fl. ounces) of the 
percolate is obtained. The sugar is to be dissolved in the percol- 
ate without heat. The syrup is then to be strained, and enough 
water passed through the strainer to make the measure 1000 Cc. 
(or 48 fl. ounces). It may also be prepared by percolating the 
sugar with the liquid as directed under syritpus. <U. S., p 396. F 
C F, p 810. 

SYRUPUS RHEI. Syrup of Rhubarb. The present Pharm. 
directs fluid extract of rhubarb and spirit of cinnamon, instead of 
rhubarb (root) and cinnamon (bark). Glycerin, 5 per cent., is 
also added, and syrup used in place of sugar, the formula is there- 
fore entirely different from the 1880. 

Fluid extract of rhubarb 100 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), spirit of cin- 
namon 4 Cc. (or 55 minims), potassium carbonate 10 gm. (or 137 
grains) glycerin 50 Cc. (or \y 2 fl. ounces), water 50 Cc. (or \ x / 2 fl. 
ounces), syrup a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 30 fl. 
ounces). The spirit of cinnamon is to be mixed with the fluid ex- 
tract and the potassium carbonate dissolved in the water and 
added to the mixture. Then the glycerin is added and enough 
syrup to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 
397. F C F, p 812. 

SYRUPUS RHEI AROMATICUS. Aromatic Syrup of Rhu- 
barb. This preparation remains practically unchanged, except by 
the substitution of metric measure for parts, by weight. 



I$8 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

Aromatic tincture of rhubarb 150 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), syrup 850 
Cc. (or 17 fl.ounces). They are to be thoroughly mixed. 

SYRUPUS ROS.E. Syrup of Rose. This syrup remains the 
same except the substitution of metric measure for parts by weight, 
Fluid extract of rose 125 Cc. (or 1^ fl.ounces), syrup 875 Cc. (or 
8^ fl.ounces). They are to be mixed. ' <U. S., p 397. F C F, 
p 8r 4 . 

SYUPUS RUBI. Syrup of Rubus. (Blackberry). This syrup 
remains unchanged. Fluid extract of rubus 250 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), 
syrup 750 Cc. (or 3 fl.ounces). They are to be well mixed. <U. 
S, p 39 8. FCF, P 8i 4 . 

SYRUPUS RUBI ID.EI. Syrup of Raspberry. This is the 
same as before. Fresh, ripe (red) raspberries, any convenient 
quantity, sugar a sufficient quantity. The raspberries are to be 
reduced to a pulp and allowed to stand at a temperature of about 
20 C. (68° F.) until a small portion of the filtered juice mixes 
clear with half its volume of alcohol. The juice is then to be 
separated by pressure and set aside in a cool place until the liquid 
portion has become clear; and then it is to be filtered, and to 
every 40 parts, by weight, of the filtrate 60 parts of sugar is added, 
the mixture heated to boiling and strained. ' The sugar should be 
added as soon as possible after the juice is filtered, and no metal- 
lic vessel should be employed; stone ware crocks or granite ware 
vessels should be used, and, when made, the syrup should be kept 
in well-filled and well-stoppered small bottles in a cool place. 
<U. S, p 398. F C F, p 815. 

SYRUPUS SARSAPARILLA COMPOSITUS. Compound 

Syrup of Sarsaparilla. The formula in the present Pharm. is 
very much changed. Fluid extract of sarsaparilla, glycyrrhiza and 
senna are used, and oil of sassafras, anise and gaultheria inbtead 
of the drugs. Guaiacum and pale rose are omitted, and the pro- 
portions of the ingredients considerably changed. The present 
formula is: 

Fluid extract of sarsaparilla 200 Cc. (or 6^ fl.ounces), fluid ex- 
tract of glycyrrhiza 15 Cc. (or % fl. ounce), fluid extract of senna 
15 Cc. (or Yq. fl. ounce), sugar C50 gm. (or 23 ounces av.), oil of 
sassafras 0.1 (or 2 minims), oil of anise o. 1 Cc. (or 2 minims), oil 
of gaultheria 0.1 Cc. (or 2 minims). Water a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl.ounces). The fluid extracts are to be 
mixed and the oils added. Enough water is then to be added to 
the mixture to make the measure 600 Cc. (or 20 fl.ounces); the 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 159 

mixture is to be well shaken and, after standing an hour, filtered; 
the sugar dissolved in the filtrate by aid of gentle heat and the 
syrup strained, adding enough water through the strainer to make 
the product measure iooo Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 398. 
FCF.p 815. 

It is the custom with many druggists to prepare their syrup sarsaparilla compound 
from the fluid extract of sarsapari la compound, either made by themselves or bought 
of manufacturers, but it will be seen by comparing the formulas, that the resultant 
preparation will not be like the official syrup. 

SYRUPUS SCILLvE. Syrup of Squill. The formula of the 
new Pharm. is unchanged except by the substitution of metric 
weight and measure for parts. 

Vinegar of squill 450 Cc. (or 151^ fl. ounces), sugar 800 gm. (or 
281^ ounces ay.), water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
34 fl. ounces). The vinegar of squill is to be heated to the boiling 
point in a glass or porcelain vessel, and the liquid filtered while it 
is hot. The sugar is to be dissolved in the hot filtrate by agita- 
tion and without further heating, the syrup strained and enough 
water passed through the strainer to make the measure 1000 Cc. 
(or 34 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 399. F C F, p 817. 

SYRUPUS SCILL^E COMPOSITUS. Compound Syrup of 
Squill. This preparation is familiarly known as "hive syrup." 
In the present formula fluid extract of squill and senega are used 
in place of the drugs, making it, therefore, entirely different than 
in the former revision. 

Fluid extract of squill 80 Cc. (or 2^ fl. ounces), fluid extract of 
senega 80 Cc. (or 2^ fl. ounces), antimony and potassium tartrate 
2 gm. (or 31 grains), precipitated calcium phosphate 10 gm. (or 
154 grains), sugar 750 gm. (or 26^4 ounces av.), water a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). The fluid extracts 
are to be mixed and evaporated in a tared capsule, on a water- 
bath to 100 gm. (or 3^2 ounces av.). The residue is to be mixed 
with 350 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces) of water. When cold the precipi- 
tated calcium phosphate is to be added and well mixed, and the 
mixture filtered, passing enough water through the filter to make 
the measure 400 Cc. (or 13^ fl. ounces). The antimony and 
potassium tartrate is to be dissolved in 25 Cc. (or about 1 ounce) 
of hot water and added to the filtrate. In this liquid the sugar is 
then to be dissolved by agitation, without heat, and the syrup 
stained, adding through the strainer enough water to make the 
product measure 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 399. F C 



160 fenner's hand-book of 

F, p 817. This may also be prepared by percolating the sugar 
with the liquid as directed under syrupus, 

SYRUPUS SENEGA. Syrup of Senega. Fluid extract of 
senega 200 Cc. (or 4 fl. ounces), ammonia water 5 Cc. (or 46 
minims), sugar 700 gm. (or 14^ ounces av.), water a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The fluid extract of 
senega is to be mixed with 300 Cc. (or 6 fl. ounces) of water, and 
the ammonia water and the .mixture set aside for a few hours. It 
is then to be filtered and enough water passed through the filter 
to make the measure 550 Cc. (or 11 fl. ounces). The sugar is to 
be dissolved in the filtrate by agitation, without heat, the syrup 
strained and enough water added through the strainer to make 
the measure 1000 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces). This may also be made 
by percolating the sugar with the filtered liquid as directed under 
syrupus. <U. S., p 400. F C F, p 818. 

SYRUPUS SENN^. Syrup of Senna. The present formula 
is: Senna (xAdexandria) bruised 250 gm. (or 5^ ounces av.), oil of 
coriander 5 Cc. (or 45 minims), alcohol 150 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), 
sugar 700 gm. (or 14^ ounces av.), water a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). Upon the senna, boiling water, 
14 fl. ounces is to be poured and it is to be digested at a temper- 
ature not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), during 24 hours. The liquid 
is then to be expressed and enough water passed through the 
residue to make 600 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces) of liquid. This is to be 
strained and when cold the alcohol in which the oil of coriander has 
been dissolved, is to be added and the mixture set aside until the 
precipitate has subsided. The clear liquid is then to be poured 
off and the remainder filtered, and enough water passed through 
the filter to make 550 Cc. (or 11 fl. ounces). In this the sugar is 
to be dissolved, by agitation, without heat, the syrup is then to be 
strained and enough water added through the strainer to make 
the measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 400. F C F, 

P 819. 

It will be noted that the present preparation is only about one-half the strength 
of senna, as the 1880 Pharm., which was 33 parts, by weight; also that Alexan- 
dria senna is designated. This syrup is usually prepared extemporaneously by 
druggists, and the present preparation may be readily made by mixing 1 fl. ounce of 
fluid extract of senna with 3 fl. ounces of syrup. 

SYRUPUS TOLUTANUS. Syrup of Tolu. The 1880 formula 
for this syrup was very unsatisfactory, and the present formula is 
entirely changed as follows; 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. l6l 

Balsam of tolu 10 gm. (or 155 grains), precipitated calcium 
phosphate 60 gm. (or 1^ ounces av.), sugar 850 gm. (or 30 ounces 
av.), alcohol 50 Cc. (or \$/% fl. ounces), water a sufficient quantity 
to make 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). ' The balsam of tolu is to be 
dissolved in the alcohol, in a small flask, by the aid of gentle heat. 
The precipitated calcium phosphate is to be mixed with 150 gm. 
(or 5 ounces) of the sugar in a mortar, the solution of balsam 
added and thoroughly incorporated, and the mixture set aside in a 
warm place until the alcohol has evaporated. The residue in the 
mortar is then to be triturated with 500 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces) of 
water, gradually added, and then filtered through a wetted filter, 
returning the first portions until it runs clear. The filtrate is then 
to be heated to a temperature of about 6o° C. (140 F.), the re- 
mainder of the sugar added and dissolved by agitation. The 
syrup is then to be strained, and when cool, enough water added 
through the strainer to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces) 
Or the sugar may be percolated with the filtered liquid as directed 
under syrupus. <U. S., p 401. F C F, p 820. 

The present formula is practically the same as that of the 1870 Pharm. except 
that precipitated phosphate of calcium is used instead of magnesium carbonate. 
The 1870 formula made a very fine preparation and, in our opinion, the magne- 
sium carbonate is prefemb'e to the calcium carbonate, only 2 drachms being- required 
for about the same quantity of syrup. 

SYRUPUS ZINGIBERIS. Syrup of Ginger. This syrup as' 
made by the 1880 formula was very unsatisfactory because it made 
a cloudy preparation and the resinous matter of the ginger formed 
a scum on the surface after standing. The present formula makes 
a clear syrup. 

Fluid extract of ginger 30 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), precipitated cal- 
cium phosphate 15 gm. (or 230 grains), sugar 850 gm. (or 30 
ounces av.), water, a sufficient to make 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). 
The fluid extract of ginger is to be triturated with the precipitated 
calcium phosphate in a mortar and the mixture exposed in a warm 
place until the alcohol has evaporated. The residue in the mortar 
is then to be triturated with 450 Cc. (or 15 fl. ounces) of water and 
filtered. The sugar is to be dissolved in the filtrate by agitation, 
without heat. The syrup is to be strained and enough water 
passed through the strainer to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 34 
fl. ounces). Or the sugar may be percolated with the filtered 
liquid as directed under syrupus. <U. S., p 402. F C F, p 821. 

The present syrup of ginger is only about half the strength of the former official. 
Carbonate of magnesium, instead of calcium phosphate was used in the 1870 for- 
mula, and made a good preparation. 



162 fenner's hand-book of 

TAMARINDUS. Tamarind. "The preserved pulp of the fruit 
of Tamarindicus indica." <U. S., p 402. 

This is used in making confection of senna, and has been considerably employed 
in making various proprietary laxative confections, 

TEREBENUM. Terebene. C 10 H 16 . new. "A liquid consisting 
chiefly of pinene, and containing not more than very small pro- 
portions of Terpinene and Dipentine." <U. S., p 403. F C F, p 

651. 

This is described as "a colorless or slightly yellowish, thin liquid, having a rather 
agreeable, thyme-like odor, and an aromatic, somewhat terebinthinate taste." 

Its sp. gr. is about 0,862 at N T. It boils at 156 to i6o°C. (312 to 32o°F.). 
It is given as an expectorant in coughs and bronchitis 4 to 6 drops or more on sugar 
or in an emulsion or tablets; also in the form of hot vapor. Externally it is appli- 
ed as a stimulating dressing for sores, in a 5 per cent, aqueous solution, or a 5 or 
10 per cent, ointment. 

TERPINI HYDRAS. Terpin Hydrate. C 10 H 18 (OH) 2 +H 2 O. 
new. "The hydrate of the diatomic alcohol Terpin." <U. S., p 
404. 

This is described as "colorless, lustrous, rhombic prisms, nearly odorless, and 
having a slightly aromatic and somewhat bitter taste." 

It is soluble in about 250 parts of water and in to parts of alcohol. It melts at 
1 16 to 1 i7°C. (240 8° to 242. 6°F.) with loss of water and at the temperature of 
boiling water sublimes in fine needles. It is used as an expectorant in doses of 2 
to 3 grains, and in renal affections as a stimulant to the mucous membrane, in doses 
of 5 to 6 grains. It is also prescribed for whooping cough. It may conveniently 
be given in the form of pills or tablets. 

THYMOL. Thymol. C 10 H ]4 O. "A phenol occuring in the 
volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris, Monarda punctata and Carum 
Ajowan." <U. S., p 405. F C F, p 651. 

Its sp. gr. as a solid is 1.069 at N T. but when melted it is lighter than water. 
It melts at 50°C. (i22°F.), remaining fluid at a considerably lower temperature. It 
is soluble in 1200 parts of water and in less than its own weight of alcohol, ether or 
chloroform. It is also soluble in glacial acetic acid and oils. When triturated 
with camphor or with chloral, it liquifies. 

TINCTURE. Tinctures. In the new Pharm, three tinctures have been added. 
Tinctura Lactucarii, Tinctura Quillajce and Tinctura Strop hant hi, and three 
dismissed; Tinctura Conii, Tinctura Ferri Acetatis and Tinctura Ignatii, while 
one, Tinctura Saponis Viridis has been transferred to the liniments and now bears 
the name Linimentum Saponis Mollis. 

The changes in the formulas for tinctures are greater than in any other class of 
preparations, for, besides the change from parts by weight, (as in the 18S0 Pharm.), 
to metric weight and measure, the change in the standard of diluted alcohol to 
equal parts, by volume, of alcohol and water instead of equal parts by weight, must 
necessarily be taken into account. There are also many additions and changes in 
the ingredients composing the preparations which will be duly noted under the for- 
mulas in which they are introduced . Most tinctures are advantageously made by 
w^^'-bath percolation. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 163 

TINCTURA ACONITI. Tincture of Aconite. The present 
formula is: Aconite, in No. 60 powder, 350 gm. (or 12 ounces av), 
alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. 
(or z 2 Va A. ounces). Alcohol 7 volumes, with water 3 volumes are 
to be mixed and the powder moistened with 200 Cc. (or 6^ fl. 
ounces) of the mixture, and allowed to macerate for 24 hours. It 
is then to be packed firmly in a percolator and the menstruum 
gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or s 23 A fl. ounces) of the 
tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 405. F C F, p 882. 

The proportion of the drug is slightly increased. In the 1880 Pharm. about 50 
grains of tartaric acid was used with the above quantity, and alcohol, without dilu- 
tion, was used as the menstiuum. 

TINCTURA ALOES. Tincture of Aloes. Purified aloes, in 
moderately fine powder, 100 gm. (or 3^ ounces av.), liquorice 
root, in No. 40 powder, 200 gm. (or 7 ounces av.), diluted alcohol 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or Ty^\ fl. ounces). The 
powders are to be mixed, moistened with 80 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces) of 
diluted alcohol and allowed to macerate for 24 hours. The mix- 
ture is then to be packed firmly in a percolator and diluted alcohol 
gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 33% fl. ounces) of 
tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 406. F C F, p 883. 

In the 1880 Pharm. extract of glycyrrhiza the same quantity as of the aloes was di- 
rected to be used, and the tincture made by maceration (for 7 days) instead of by 
percolation. 

TINCTURA ALOES ET MYRRHS. Tincture of Aloes and 
Myrrha. The present formula is: Purified aloes 100 gm. (or 3 
ounces av.), myrrh 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), liquorice root, in No. 
40 powder, 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), alcohol and water, each, a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 28J fl. ounces). Alcohol 3 
volumes, with water 1 volume, are to be mixed, and the aloes, 
myrrh and liquorice root having been reduced to a moderately 
coarse (No. 40) powder, is to be moistened with 60 Cc. (or 2 
ounces) of the menstruum and allowed to macerate for 24 hours. 
It is then to be moderately packed in a percolator and the men- 
struum gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 2c-| fl. ounces) 
of the tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 406. F C F, p 884. 

This is the old and well known Elixir Proprietatus. In the foimer Pharm.- 
liquorice root was not directed, and the preparation was made by maceration (for 7 
days), instead of by percolation. The addition of the liquorice helps to mask the 
intensly bitter taste of the aloes, and also to separate the gums so that they will 
not mass and hinder percolation. After all, in our opinion, this, and the foregoing, 
would better be made by macerating in the old way. 



164 fenner's hand-book of 

TINCTURA ARNICA FLORUM. Tincture of Arnica Flowers. 

Arnica flowers, in No. 20 powder, 200 gm. (or 7 ounces av.), dilu- 
ted alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). 
The powdered arnica flowers are to be firmly packed in a cylindri- 
cal percolator and diluted alcohol poured upon them until 100 Cc. 
(or 34 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 406. F C 
F, p 885. 

The formula is the same as before except that metric weight and measure are used 
instead of parts, and that the diluted alcohol is weaker. The arnica may be reduc- 
ed to a coarse powder by rubbing through a sieve, and it must be very firmly packed 

TINCTURE ARNICjE RADICIS. Tincture of Arnica Root. 

Arnica root, in No. 40 powder, 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), alcohol 
and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 28|- 
fl. ounces). Alcohol 6% volumes with water 3 ^2 volumes are to be 
mixed as a menstruum, the powder moistened with 150 Cc. (or 4% 
fl. ounces) of the liquid, and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to 
be packed moderately in a percolator and the menstruum gradually 
poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 28J fl. ounces) of the tincture are 
obtained. <U. S., p 407. F C F, p 886. 

It is somewhat confusing to have a tincture of both the flowers and the root of 
arnica, and it should be remembered that when "Tincture of Arnica" is called for 
or prescribed, the tincture of arnica flowers is generally wanted. But few custom- 
ers, and but few physicians, even, know that there are two tinctures of arnica, and 
they are generally familiar with the tincture of arnica flowers, only, which is double 
the strength of tincture of arnica root. 

TINCTURA ASAFCETIDjE. Tincture of Asafetida. Asafetida 
bruised 200 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity. 
The asafetida is to be mixed with 800 Cc. (or 8 fl. ounces) of alco- 
hol and macerated in a close vessel, with frequent agitation, for 7 
days. The mixture is then to be filtered and enough alcohol added 
through the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 9^ fl. ounces). 

The formula is the same as before, except metric weight and measure are used 
instead of parts. 

TINCTURA AURANTII AMARI. Tincture of Bitter Orange 
Peel. Bitter orange peel, in No. 30 powder,2oo gm.(or 7 ounces av), 
alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
33l4 fl.ounces). Alcohol 3 volumes with water 2 volumes are to 
be mixed as a menstruum and the powder moistened with 200 Cc. 
(or 7 fl.ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours. It is 
then to be packed moderately in a percolator and the menstruum 
gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 33J fl.ounces) of tinct- 
ure are obtained. <U. S., p 407. F C F, p 887. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 165 



The 1880 Pharm. directed diluted alcohol to be used as a menstruum, and parts 
by weight. 

TINCTURA AURANTII DULCIS. Tincture of Sweet Orange 
Peel. Sweet orange peel, taken from the fresh fruit, 200 gm. (or 
7 ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
1,7,2. fl. ounces). The orange peel should be as free from the inner 
white layer as possible, and should be cut into small pieces and 
macerated for 24 hours with 800 Cc. (or 27 fl. ounces) of alcohol. 
It is then to be packed in a conical percolator and alcohol grad- 
ually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 33% fl. ounces) of tincture 
are obtained. <U. S., p 408. F C F, p 888. 

This tincture is used chiefly for flavoring and as there is great difference in 
oranges, they should be selected particularly with reference to the quantity anJ 
quality of oil in the peel. The white inner layer should be mostly cut away, and 
the peel cut fine, which is best done by chopping in a chopping bowl. It is then 
put in a wide mouth jar, and the bowl rinsed out with alcohol, which is to be add- 
ed in the jar, and frequently agitated during the 24 hours, or more while it is mac- 
erating. 

TINCTURA BELLADONNA FOLIORUM. Tincture of Bella- 
donna Leaves. Tinctura Belladonna Pharm. 1880. Bella- 
donna leaves, in No. 60 powder, 150 gm. (or 5 ounces av. -|- 125 
grains), diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
3$% fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 200 Cc. (or 6f fl. ounces) of 
diluted alcohol, and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be 
packed firmly in a percolator and diluted alcohol poured upon it 
until 1000 Cc. (or 33I fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. 
S., p 408. F C F, p 889. 

TINCTURA BENZOINI. Tincture of Benzoin. Benzoin, in 
moderately coarse powder, 200 gm. (or 3)2 ounces av.), alcohol a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be macerated with 800 Cc. (or 25 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol in a close vessel, with frequent agitation, for seven days 
and then filtered, adding through the filter enough alcohol to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 408. F C F, p 889. 

As the former Pharm. directed this to be made in the same proportion, parts, by 
weight, the present preparation is about 15 per cent, stronger. 

TINCTURA BENZOINI COMPOSITA. Compound Tincture of 
Benzoin. The present furmula is the same as heretofore except 
that metric weight and measure are directed instead of parts by 
weight, which increases the strength of the present preparation 
about 15 per cent. Benzoin, in coarse powder, 120 gm. (or 3 



1 66 fenner's hand-book of 

ounces av.), purified aloes, in coarse powder, 20 gm. (or Yz ounce 
av.), storax 80 gm. (or 2 ounces av.), balsam of tolu 40 gm. (or 1 
ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 24 
fl.ounces). 

The gums, balsams, ets., are to be digested with 800 Cc. (or 20 
fl. ounces) of alcohol, at a temperature not exceeding 65 C. 
(149 F.), for two hours in a closed vessel; then filtered through 
paper and enough alcohol added through the filter to make the 
tincture, when cold, measure 1000 Cc. (or 24 fl. ounces). <U. S., 
p 409. F C F, p 890. 

TINCTURA BRYONIA. Tincture of Bryonia. Bryonia, re- 
cently dried and in No. 40 powder, 100 gm. (or 2 ounces av.), 
alcohol a sufficient quantity to make iooo Cc. (or 19 \ fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 1 ounce) of 
alcohol and macerated for 24 hours, then packed firmly in a per- 
colator and alcohol gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 19-J- 
fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. 

TINCTURA CALENDULA. Tincture of Calendula. In the 
present formula alcohol is directed, but in the 1880 diluted alcohol 
was used. The calendula of the 1880 Pharm. was "the fresh, 
flowering herb," while the calendula of the present Pharm. is "the 
florets of Calendula officinalis." The formula now is: Calendula, 
in No. 20 powder, 200 gm. (or 7 ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 333^ fl. ounces). 

The calendula is to be moistened with 200 Cc. (or 6^ fl. ounces) 
of alcohoi and macerated for 24 hours, then packed firmly in a 
percolator, and alcohol gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. 
(or zzYa- fl.ounces) of tincture are obtained. 

This tincture is, almost entirely, used externally like tincture of arnica, as an ap- 
plication for cuts, wounds, bruises, etc., and it would seem that, unless much dilut- 
ed, the alcoholic menstruum would be too strong. A good tincture may te made 
with diluted alcohol, and would, we think, give better general satisfaction. 

TINCTURA CALUMBiE. Tincture of Calumba. Calumba, in 
No. 20 powder, 100 gm. (or 3^ ounces av.), alcohol and water, 
each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl.ounces). 

Alcohol 3 measures with water 2 measures are to be mixed as a 
menstruum. The calumba is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 3 
ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to 
be packed in a percolator and the menstruum gradually poured 
upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl.ounces) of tincture are obtained. 
<U. S., p 410. F C F, p 892. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 1 67 

TINCTURA CANNABIS INDICA. Tincture of Indian Can- 
nabis. Indian cannabis, in No. 40 powder, 150 gm. (or 5 ounces 
av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol, and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be packed 
firmly in a percolator and alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 410 
FCF,p8 93 . 

TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS. Tincture of Cantharides. Can- 
tharides, in No. 60 powder, 50 gra. (or 1 ounce av.), alcohol a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 30 Cc. (or y± fl. ounce) of 
alcohol and packed firmly in a percolator; alcohol is then to be 
gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 19I fl. ounces) of tinc- 
ture are obtained. <U. S., p 410. FCF,p 894. 

Owing to the small proportion of drug used, this can readily be made by macera- 
tion instead of by percolation. 

TINCTURA CAPSICI. Tincture of Capsicum. Capsicum, in 
No. 30 powder, 50 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), alcohol and water, each, a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 19! fl. ounces). Alcohol 
in the proportion of 950 Cc. (or 19 fl. ounces), with water 50 Cc. (or 
1 fl. ounce) are to be mixed as a menstruum. 

The capsicum is to be moistened with the liquid, packed firmly 
in a percolator, and the menstruum gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces) of the tincture are obtained. 

Owing to the small proportion of the drug this tincture may readily be made bv 
macerating it with the required quantity of the menstruum in a close vessel, for 7 
days, then filtering and add.ng enough menstruum through the filter to make the 
required quantity. 

TINCTURA CARDAMOMI. Tincture of Cardamom. Carda- 
mom, in No. 30 powder, 100 gm. (or 2 ounces av.), diluted alcohol 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces). 

The cardamom is to be moistened with diluted alcohol 100 Cc. 
(or 2 fl. ounces), macerated for 24 hours, then packed firmly in a 
percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured upon it until 1000 
Cc. (or 19! fl. ounces) of the tincture are obtained. 

TINCTURA CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA. Compound Tincture 
of Cardamom. Cardamom 20 gm. (or 3 jo grains), cassia cinna- 
mon 20 gm. (or 310 grains), caraway 10 gm. (or 155 grains), 
cochineal 5 gm. (or 77 grains), glycerin 50 Cc. (or \ 2 /i fl. ounces), 
diluted alconol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. 
ounces). 



168 fenner's hand-book of 

The seeds, etc., are to be mixed and reduced to a moderately 
coarse (No. 40) powder, and moistened with 25 gm. (or 1 ounce) 
of diluted alcohol, packed in a percolator and diluted alcohol 
gradually poured upon them until 950 Cc. (or 32^3 fl. ounces) of 
tincture are obtained; the glycerin is then to be added and well 
mixed. <U. S., p 411. F C F, p 896. 

TINCTURA CATECHU COMPOSITA. Compound Tincture of 
Catechu. Catechu, in No. 40 powder, 100 gm. (or 3% ounces av.), 
cassia cinnamon, in No. 40 powder, 50 gm. (or 1^ ounces av.), 
diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 33^ fl. 
ounces). 

The powders are to be mixed and packed, without moistening, 
firmly in a percolator, and diluted alcohol gradually poured upon 
them until 1000 Cc. (or 33% fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. 
<U. S, P4 i2. FCF, p8 97 . 

The former Pharm. directed the powders to be moistened with diluted alcohol, 
and macerated for 24 hours before packing. This tincture can be advantageously 
made by macerating the powders, in the dilute alcohol for 7 days, then pouring the 
whole into a percolator and after the liquid has ceased to drop, adding enough di- 
luted alcohol through the percolator to make the required measure. 

TINCTURA CHIRAT.E. Tincture of Chirata. Chirata, in 
No. 40 powder, 100 gm. (or 2 ounces av.), alcohol and water, each, 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 6^2 measures with water 3^2 measures are to be mixed 
as a menstruum. The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 
2 ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours, then packed 
firmly in a percolator and the menstruum gradually poured upon 
it until 1000 Cc. (or 19I fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. 
S., p 412. F C F, p 898. 

TINCTURA CIMICIFUGjE. Tincture of Cimicifuga. Cimici- 
fuga, in No. 60 powder, 200 gm. (or 3^ ounces av.), alcohol a 
sufficient quantity. 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 2^ fl. ounces) 
of alcohol and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be packed 
firmly in a percolator and alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 412 
F C F, p 899. 

TINCTURA CINCHONA. Tincture of Cinchona. Cinchona, 
in No. 60 powder, 200 gm. (or 7 ounces av.), glycerin 75 Cc. (or 
2 Y /z fl. ounces), alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or ^i\ fl. ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOP(ElA. 169 

The glycerin is to be mixed with 675 Cc. (or 23 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol, and 250 Cc. (or Sy 2 fl. ounces) of water. The powder is to 
be moistened with 200 Cc. (or 6J fl. ounces) of the mixture and 
macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be packed firmly in a per- 
colator, the remainder of the menstruum poured upon it, and when 
the liquid has disappeared from the surface of the drug, more 
alcohol and water mixed in the same proportion as above, and the 
percolation continued until 1000 Cc. (or 33^ fl. ounces) of tincture 
are obtained. <U. S., p 413. F C F, p 900. 

TINCTURA CINCHONA COMPOSITA. Compound Tincture 
of Cinchona. Red cinchona 100 gm. (or 3^/2 ounces av.), bitter 
orange peel 80 gm. (or 2 J ounces av.), serpentaria 20 gm. (or 300 
grains), glycerin 75 Cc. (or 2*4 fl. ounces), alcohol and water, each, 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 33% fl. ounces). 

The glycerin is to be mixed with 850 Cc. (or 28f fl. ounces), of 
alcohol, and 75 Cc. (or 2% fl. ounces) of water, as a menstruum. 
The drugs are to be reduced to a fine (No. 60) powder, moistened 
with 200 Cc. (or 6f fl. ounces) of the menstruum and macerated for 
24 hours. The powder is then to be packed firmly in a percolator, 
the remainder of the menstruum poured upon it, and when it has 
disappeared from the surface, alcohol and water mixed in the same 
proportions as before, and the percolation continued until 1000 Cc. 
(or 33% fl. ounces) are obtained. <U. S., p 413. F C F, p 901. 

This is the same, practically, as before. It is familiarly known as ' Huxham's 
Tincture. 

TINCTURA CINNAMOMI. Tincture of Cinnamon. Ceylon 
cinnamon, in No. 40 powder, 100 gm. (or 3^8 ounces av.), glycerin 
50 Cc. (or 1 1 fl. ounces), alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces). 

The glycerin is to be mixed with 750 Cc. (or 25^2 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol, and 250 Cc. (or % l /z fl. ounces) of water as a menstruum- 
The powder is to be moistened with 50 Cc. (or if fl. ounces) of the 
menstruum and packed in a conical percolator. The menstruum 
is gradually to be poured upon the powder and, when it has dis- 
appeared from the surface, alcohol and water mixed in the same 
proportion as before are to be added and the percolation continued 
until 1000 Cc. (or 34 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., 
p 414. F C F, p 902. 

This tincture may readily be made by macerating the cinnamon for 7 days in the 
menstruum, pouring the whole into a percolator and adding enough alcohol and 
water through the percolator to make the required measure. The giycerin is added 



LJO FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

to the present formula, as it helps to keep the astringent properties of the cinnamon 
in solution. 

TINCTURA COLCHICI SEMINIS. Tincture of Colchicum 
Seed. Tinctura Colchici, Pharm. 1880. Colchicum seed, in 
No. 30 powder, 150 gm. (or 5 ounces av.), alcohol and water, each, 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 3 measures with water 2 measures are to be mixed as a 
menstruum. The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or ^/z 
fl. ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to 
be firmly packed in a percolator and menstruum gradually poured 
upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces) of the tincture are obtained. 
<U. S., p 4 i 4 . FCF, p 9 o 3 . 

TINCTURA CROCI. Tincture of Saffron. Saffron 100 gm. 
(or 1 ounce av.), diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
Cc. (or 9^4 fl. ounces). 

The saffron is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 1 ounce) of 
diluted alcohol and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be 
firmly packed in a percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured 
upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 9^ fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. 
<U. S., p 414. FCF,p 904. 

The saffron directed is "the stigmas of Crocus sativus," and not the Carthamus 
tinctorius, which is quite generally sold for saffron. 

TINCTURA CUBEB^E. Tincture of Cubeb. Cubeb, in No. 40 
powder, 300 gm. (or 4 ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 gm. (or 19^ fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) of 
alcohol and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be packed 
firmly in a percolator and alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 
415. F C F, p 905. 

The present preparation is double the strength of the former official, which was 
cubeb 10 parts, percolated with diluted alcohol to make ioo parts by weight. 

TINCTURA DIGITALIS. Tincture of Digitalis. Digitalis, in 
No. 60 powder, 150 gm. (or 5 ounces av.), diluted alcohol a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 5 ounces) of 
diluted alcohol and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be 
firmly packed in a percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured 
upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. 
<U. S, p 4 i 5 . FCF. p 905. 



THE U.S. PHARMACOPCEIA. I 7 I 

TINCTURE HERBARUM RECENTIUM. Tincture of Fresh 
Herbs. "These tinctures, which are not otherwise directed, are to 
be prepared by the following formula:" The fresh herb, bruised 
or crushed, 500 gm. (or 162/3 ounces av.), alcohol 1000 Cc. (or 32 
fl. ounces). 

The herb is to be macerated with the alcohol for 14 days, then 
expressed and the liquid filtered. <U. S., p 415. F C F, p 913. 

TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDI. Tincture of Chloride of Iron. 
"A hydro-alcoholic solution of Ferric Chloride, Fe 2 G 6 , contain- 
ing about 13.6 per cent, of the anhydrous salt, and corresponding 
to about 4.7 (4.69) per cent, of metallic iron." <U. S.. p 416. F 
C F, p 907. 

The present formula is: Solution of ferric chloride 250 Cc. (or 
7 fl. ounces), alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 30 
fl. ounces). The solution is to be mixed with enough alcohol to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces), and the tincture allowed to stand 
in a closely-covered vessel for at least three months. It is then 
to be transferred to glass-stoppered bottles and kept protected 
from the light. 

The 1880 Pharm. was, solution of chloride of iron 35 parts, alcohol 65 parts, by 
weight. The present preparation should have sp. gr. about 0.960 at N T. showing 
it to have slightly less of the iron solution than the former, which had sp. gr. about 
0.980. 

TINCTURA GALLjE. Tincture of Nutgall. Nutgall, in No. 
40 powder 200 gm. (or 3J ounces av.), glycerin 100 Cc. (or 2 fl. 
ounces, alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. 
ounces). 

The glycerin is to be mixed with 900 Cc. (or 15 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol as a menstruum. The powder is to be packed without 
moistening it in a conical glass percolator, the menstruum poured 
upon it, and afterwards alcohol until 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces) of 
tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 416. F C F, p 909. 

In the former Pharm., diluted alcohol was directed instead of alcohol, the pow- 
der being moistened before percolation. The object of using alcohol instead of 
diluted alcohol, is probably to prevent the softening and massing of the nutgall. 
It is also a better solvent of the constituents desired. 

TINCTURA GELSEMII. Tincture of Gelsemium. Gelsem- 
ium, in No. 60 powder, 150 gm. (or 2^20unces av.), alcohol and 
water, of each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. 
ounces). 

Alcohol ty 2 measures with water 3^2 measures are to mixed as a 
menstruum. The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 2 



i-]2 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours, then packed in 
a percolator and the menstruum gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 417. 
F C F, p 909. 

In the 1880 Pharm, alcohol, without dilution, was directed as the menstruum. 

TINCTURA GENTIANS COMPOSITA. Compound Tincture 
of Gentian. Gentian 100 gm. (or 3^4 ounces av.), bitter orange 
peel 40 gm. (or i3/£ ounce av.)„ cardamom 10 gm. (or 154 grains), 
alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
35% fl. ounces). 

The drugs are to be reduced to a moderatly coarse (No. 40) 
powder. Alcohol 3 measures with water 2 measures are to be 
mixed as a menstruum, and the powder moistened with 100 Cc. 
(or 3J2 ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours. It is 
then to be packed in a percolator and the menstruum gradually 
poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 33} fl. ounces) of tincture are ob- 
tained. < U. S., p 417. F C F, p 910. 

In the 1880 Pharm. the proportion of the drugs was gentian S, bitter orange 4, 
cardamom 2; instead of 10, 4, I, as at present, and diluted alcohol was directed as 
the menstruum. 

TINCTURA GUAIACI. Tincture of Guaiac. Guaiac, in coarse 
powder, 200 gm. (or 7 ounces av.), alcohol, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (33! fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be mixed with 800 Cc. (or 27 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and macerated in a closed vessel for seven days, then fil- 
tered and enough alcohol added through the filter to make the 
measure 1000 Cc. (or 33-f- fl. ounces). <U. S., p 418. F C F, p 911. 

TINCTURA GUAIACI AMMONIATA. Ammoniated Tincture 
of Guaiac. Guaiac, in coarse powder, 200 gm. (01-3^2 ounces av.), 
aromatic spirit of ammonia a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. 
(or 1 63/4 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be mixed with 800 Cc. (or 14 fl. ounces) of the 
aromatic spirit of ammonia, and macerated for 7 days in a closed 
vessel; then filtered through paper in a well-covered funnel and 
enough of the aromatic spirit of ammonia added through the 
filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or i63^ fl. ounces). <U. S.> 
p 418. F C F, p 912. 

TINCTURA HUMULI. Tincture of Hops. Hops, well dried 
and in No. 20 powder, 200 gm. (or 7 ounces av.), diluted alcohol a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 33I fl. ounces). 

'i he powder is to be moistened with 400 Cc. (or i^V- fl. ounces) 



IMF. U.S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 173 

of diluted alcohol and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly 
m a percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 33} fl ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 
418. F C F, p 914. 

TINCTURA HYDRASTIS. Tincture of Hydrastis. Hydrastis, 
in No. 60 powder, 200 gm. (or 3% ounces av.), diluted alcohol a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 16} fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 2*2 fl. ounces) 
pf diluted alcohol, and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly 
in a percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 16} fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 
4 r8. F C F, p 914. 

TINCTURA HYOSCYAMI. Tincture of Hyoscyamus. Hyos- 
cyamus, in Xo. 60 powder, 150 gin. (or 5 ounces av.), diluted al- 
cohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 32 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces) of 
diluted alcohol and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly in 
a percolator and diluted alcohol poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 
3 j fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 419. F C F, p 
9'5- 

TINCTURA IODI. Tincture of Iodine. Iodine 70 gm. (or 1 
ounce av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 13^ 
ii. ounces). 

The iodine is to be triturated rapidly in a mortar to a coarse 
powder, and, at once, transferred to a graduated bottle. The 
mortar is to be rinsed with several successive portions of alcohol 
and the rinsings poured into the bottle, then enough alcohol 
added to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 13^ fl. ounces). The 
bottle is to be shaken occasionally until the iodine is dissolved. 
<U. S., p 419. F C F, p 916. 

TINCTURA IPECACUANHA ET OPII. Tincture of Ipecac 
and Opium. Deodorized tincture of opium 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. 
ounces), fluid extract of ipecac 100 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), diluted al- 
cohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or to fl. ounces). 

The deodorized tincture of opium is to be evaporated in a tared 
capsule on a water-bath until it weighs 800 gm. (or 8 ounces av.-f 
151 grains). When cold the fluid extract of ipecac is to be added 
and the mixture filtered, adding enough diluted alcohol through 
the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces). This 
represents Dover's powder in liquid form. <U. S., p 419. F C 
t, p 9 '7- 



I 74 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

TINCTURA KINO. Tincture of Kino. The present formula is 
Kino ioo gm. (or i ounces av.), glycerin 150 Cc. (or 1^ fl. ounces), 
water 200 Cc. (or 2 fl. ounces), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces). 

The glycerin and water are to be mixed with 650 Cc. (or 6^2 
fl. ounces) of alcohol. The kino is to be rubbed in a mortar, 
adding gradually a sufficient quantity of the menstruum, until a 
smooth paste is produced. This is to be transferred to a bottle, 
the remainder of the menstruum added and the mixture macerated 
with occasional agitation for 24 hours. Jt is then to be filtered 
through paper adding enough alcohol through the filter to make 
the product measure 1000 Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces). It should be kept 
in small completely filled bottles in a cool place. <U. S., p 420. 
F C F, p 918. 

The manipulation of the formula is different than in the 1880 Pharm. 

TINCTURA KRAMERIA. Tincture of Krameria. Krameria, 
in No. 40 powder, 200 gm. (or 3^ ounces av.), diluted alcohol a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 200 Cc. (or 3^2 fl. ounces) 
of diluted alcohol and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly 
in a percolator and diluted alcohol graduallypoured upon it until 
ioo Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S. p 420. 
F C F, 919. 

TINCTURA LACTUCARII. Tincture of Lactucarium. new. 
Lactucarium 500 gm. (or 8 ounces av.), glycerin 250 Cc. (or 3f fl. 
ounces), water, alcohol, benzin and diluted alcohol, each, a suffi- 
cient quantity. 

The lactucarium is to be beat in a mortar with clean sand, to a 
coarse powder and the mixture put into a bottle. To it 2000 Cc. 
(or 31 fl. ounces) of benzin are to be added and the mixture agi- 
tated frequently during 48 hours. It is then to be poured upon a 
double filter, allowed to drain and then washed with 1500 Cc. (or 
23 fl. ounces) of benzin and the lactucarium afterwards dried by 
exposure to the air. When it is dry and free from the odor of 
benzin it is to be reduced to a powder, using more sand, if neces- 
sary, and the powder packed in a conical percolator. The glycerin 
is to be mixed with 200 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces) of water and 500 Cc. 
(or 72/3 fl. ounces) of alcohol, the powder moistened with 500 Cc. 
(or 7 2 /i fl. ounces) of the mixture, and when the percolate has be- 
gun to drop, the lower orifice closed and the contents of the 
percolator allowed to macerate for 24 hours. Then begin the 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 175 

percolation, allow it to proceed very slowly, adding first the re- 
mainder of the menstruum and then diluted alcohol until the 
lactucarium is exhausted. The first 750 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces) of 
the percolate are to be reserved and the remainder evaporated on 
a water-bath at a temperature not exceeding 70 C. (i58°F.) to 
250 Cc. (or 3^3 fl ounces) and mixed with the reserved portion. 
This is to be filtered after standing and diluted alcohol added 
through the filter to make 1000 Cc. (or 151/3 fl. ounces). 

This tincture replaces the fluid extract of lactucarium which was official in the 
1880 revision, but is only one-half its strength. It is used for making syrup o* 
lactucarium, or may be prescribed or used as it is. Each minim represents x / z grain 
of lactucarium; the dose is from 4 to 10 minims. 

TINCTURA LAVENDULiE COMPOSITA. Compound Tincture 
of Lavender. Compound Spirit of Lavender. Oil of Lavender 
flowers 8 Cc. (or 120 minims), oil of rosmary 2 Cc. (or 30 minims), 
cassia cinnamon in coarse powder, 20 gm. (or ^ ounce av.), cloves 
10 gm. (or 150 grains), red saunders, in coarse powder, 10 gm. (or 
150 grains), alcohol 700 Cc. (or 23 fl. ounces), water 250 Cc. (or 8 
fl. ounces), diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. 
(or ^ fl. ounces). 

The oils are to be dissolved in the alcohol and the water added. 
The spices, etc., are to be reduced to a coarse powder and moist- 
ened with a sufficient quantity of the solution of the oil, packed 
in a percolator and the remainder of the solution poured upon 
them, and afterwards enough diluted alcohol to make 1000 Cc. of 
the percolate. <U. S., p 422. F C F. p 919. 

This preparation is better known by its old name, compound spirit of lavender. 
The older stock bottles of drug stores are so labeled, and it is thus prescribed bv 
older practitioners. 

TINCTURA LOBELIA. Tincture of Lobelia. Lobelia, in No. 
40 powder, 200 gm. (or 3^ ounces av.), diluted alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 17^4 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 200 Cc. (or 3^4 fl. ounces) 
of diluted alcohol, and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly 
in a percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 17^ fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 
422. F C F, p 921. 

TINCTURA MATICO. Tincture of Matico. Matico, in No. 40 

powder, 100 gm. (or 2 ounces av.), diluted alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 (or 19-J- fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) of 
diluted alcohol, and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly 



176 FENNER'S HAND-BOOK OF 

in a percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 191 fl. ounces) .of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 

422. F C F, p 922. 

TINCTURA MOSCHI. Tincture of Musk. The present 
Pharm. reduces the strength of this tincture one-half. Musk 50 
gm. (or 50 grains), alcohol 450 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), diluted alcohol 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 2^ fl. ounces). 

The musk is to be rubbed in a mortar, first with a little of the 
water, until a smooth mixture is made, and then with the remain- 
der of the water. The mixture is to be transferred to a bottle, 
the mortar rinsed out with successive portions of the alcohol and 
added, and allowed to macerate for 7 days with occasional shak- 
ing. It is then to be filtered and enough diluted alcohol added 
through the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 2^ fl. ounces)- 
<U. S., p 422. F C F, p 922. 

TINCTURA MYRRHjE. Tincture of Myrrh. Myrrh, in 
moderately coarse powder, 200 gm. (or 4 ounces av.), alcohol a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be mixed with 800 Cc. (or 16 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol in a closed vessel, and macerated for 7 days with occasion- 
al shaking, and then filtered, adding enough alcohol through the 
filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces). <U. S., p 

423. F C F, p 923. 

TINCTURA NUCIS VOMICAE. Tincture of Nux Vomica. The 
present Pharm. directs: Extract of nux vomica, dried at ioo° C. 
(2 1 2 F.), 20 gm. (or 155 grains), alcohol and water, each, a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces). 

The extract of nux vomica (which should contain 15 per cent, 
of alkaloids) is to be dissolved in a sufficient quantity of a mixture 
of 3 volumes of alcohol with 1 volume of water to make the tinc- 
ture measure 1000 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 423. F C F, 

P 62 3- 

The 1880 Pharm. directed this tincture to be made from powdered nux vomica, 
on the basis of 2 per cent, of the dry extract in the finished preparation, which Is 
the same as now, except that being made with alcohol by weight, the present pre- 
paration would contain about 12 per cent, more of the extract in a given volume. 

TINCTURA OPII. Tincture of Opium. Laudanum. The 
present formula directs precipitated calcium phosphate to be 
mixed with the opium, which prevents its massing and thereby 
makes the percolation more rapid and satisfactory. The percent- 
age of strength is the same. Powdered opium 100 gm. (or 3 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. I 77 

ounces av.), precipitated calcium phosphate 50 gm. (or 1% ounces 
av.), water 400 Cc. (or 11% fl. ounces), alcohol 400 Cc. (orn^ fl. 
ounces), diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
28^ fl. ounces). 

The powders are to be rubbed in a mortar with water previously 
heated to a temperature of 90 C. (194 F.), until a smooth mix- 
ture is made, and macerated for 12 hours. The alcohol is then 
to be added and thoroughly mixed and the whole transferred to a 
percolator. The first portions that pass are to be returned until 
the liquid runs clear, and when the percolate has ceased to drop 
diluted alcohol is to be gradually added through the percolator 
until 1000 Cc. (or 28^ fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. 
S., p 424. F C F, p 925. 

A process of assay for tincture of opium is given in the Pharm. It should con- 
tain from 1.3 to 1.5 per cent, of crystallized morphine. 

TINCTURA OPII CAMPHORATA. Camphorated Tincture of 
Opium. Paregoric. The formula for this preparation remains 
unchanged except by the substitution of metric weight and meas- 
ure for parts by weight. Powdered opium 4 gm. (or 60 grains), 
benzoic acid, 4 gm. (or 60 grains), camphor 4 gm. (or 60 grains), 
oil of anise 4 Cc. (or 60 minims), glycerin 40 Cc. (or 1^ fl. ounce), 
diluted alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 33 fl- 
ounces. 

The drugs are to be macerated with 900 Cc. (or 30 fl. ounces) of 
diluted alcohol for three days with frequent shaking. The mix- 
ture is then to be filtered, and enough diluted alcohol added 
through the filter to make 1000 Cc. (or ^^ fl. ounces) of the mix- 
ture. <U. S., P425. F C F, p 928. 

TINCTURA OPII DEODORATI. Tincture of Deodorized Opium. 
Tinctura Opii Deodorata Pharm. 1880. Powdered opium 100 
gm. (or 3 ounces av.), precipitated calcium phosphate 50 gm. (or 
1^2 ounces av.), ether 200 Cc. (or 5^ fl. ounces), alcohol 200 Cc. 
(or 5J- fl. ounces), water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 
2 8|- fl. ounces). 

The powders are to be rubbed in a mortar with the water pre- 
viously heated to a temperature of 90 (i94°F) until a smooth mix- 
ture is made, and macerated for 12 hours. The mixture is then to 
be transfered to a percolator and water gradually poured upon it un- 
til the opium is practically exhausted. The percolate obtained is to 
be reduced by evaporation on a water-bath to 100 Cc. (or 3 fl. 
ounces), and when it is cool, repeatedly shaken with the ether in a 



178 fenner's hand-rook of 

bottle. The etherial solution when it has separated is to be 
poured off and the remaining liquid evaporated until all traces of 
ether have disappeared. The residue is then to be mixed with 
500 Cc. (or 14% fl ounces) of water and the mixture filtered 
through paper, adding through the filter enough water to make 
the filtered liquid measure 800 Cc. (or 23 fl. ounces). The alcohol 
is then to be added to the filtrate and well mixed. <U. S., p 425. 
F C F, p 929. 

The present formula is the same as before except the substitution of metric weight 
and measure for parts, and the ether used, which is stronger, but has no effect on 
the finished preparation. 

TINCTURA PHYSOSTIGMATIS. Tincture of Physostigma. 

The present Pharm. increases the strength of this tincture to 15 
per cent, instead of 10 per cent., as was the 1880 preparation. It 
is now: Physostigma, in No. 40 powder, 150 gm. (or 2J ounces 
av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 1 8 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) of 
alcohol, and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly in a per- 
colator and alcohol gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 18 
fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. 

The increase of strength of this preparation makes it necessary to reduce the dose 
to correspond. The dose of the present tincture is 0.5 gm'. (8 minims) to 1.5 gm. 
(about 25 minims), 

TINCTURA PYRETHRI. Tincture of Pyrethrum. Pyrethrum 
in No. 40 powder, 200 gm. (or 3^ ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or i-] l / 2 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 2 x / 2 fl. ounces) 
of alcohol, and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly in a 
percolator and alcohol gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 
17^2 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 426. F C F, 
P 932. 

TINCTURA QUASSLE. Tincture of Quassia. Quassia, in No. 
40 powder, 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), alcohol and water, each, a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 2 8 J- fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 3^ measures with water 6^/2, measures are to be mixed 
as a menstruum. The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 
3 ounces) of the menstruum and macerated for 24 hours; then 
packed firmly in a percolator and the menstruum gradually poured 
upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 28J fl. ounces) of the tincture are ob- 
tained. <U. S., p 426. F C F, p 932. 

TINCTURA QUILLAJjE. Tincture of Quillaja. new. Quillaja, 
coarsely ground, 200 gm. (or 6 ounces av.), alcohol 350 Cc. (or 10 



THE U. S. PiiAR.MACOP'KIA. fjQ 

fl. ounces), water a sufficient quantity to make iooo Cc. (or 29 fl. 
ounces). 

The quillaja is to be boiled in a suitable vessel with 800 Cc. (or 
23 ounces) of water for 15 minutes, then strained and the residue 
on the strainer washed with too Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces) of water, and 
mixed with the strained liquid. This is then to be boiled down to 
600 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces), allowed to cool, mixed with the alcohol, 
and when the insoluble matter has subsided the liquid portion 
filtered and enough water added through the filter to make ioco 
Cc. (or 29 fl. ounces) of the tincture. <U. S., p 427. F C F, p 94S. 
This is used in making some emulsions and as a soda foam. It is also flavored 
and used as a tooth wash, etc. 

TINCTURA RHEI. Tincture of Rhubarb. In the present 
formula the proportions of the ingredients are somewhat changed, 
to per cent, of glycerin is added and the alcoholic strength in- 
creased. This is the present formula: Rhubarb 100 gm. (or 3 
ounces aw), cardamom 20 gm. (or 262 grains), glycerin 100 Cc. (or 
2"/% fl. ounces), alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity. 

The rhubarb and cardamom are to be reduced to a moderately 
coarse (No. 40) powder. The glycerin is to be mixed with 600 
Cc. (or 17% fl. ounces) of alcohol, and 300 Cc. (or 9 fl. ounces) of 
water. The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 3 fl. 
ounces) of the liquid, macerated for 24 hours, packed moderately 
in a percolator and the remainder of the menstruum gradually 
poured upon it. When the liquid has disappeared alcohol and 
water in the same proportions as above are to be mixed and the 
percolation continued with the mixture until rooo Cc. (or 29 n\ 
ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 427. F C F, p 934. 

TINCTURA RHEI AROMATICA. Aromatic Tincture of Rhu- 
barb. The proportion of the medicinal agents remains the same 
in this preparation as before, but 10 per cent, of glycerin is added. 
Rhubarb 200 gm. (or 6 ounces av.), cassia cinnamon 40 gm. (or 
ii ounces av.), cloves 40 gm. (or i4 ounces av.), nutmeg 40 gm. 
(or i-l- ounces av.), glycerin 100 Cc. (or 2/3 fl. ounces), alcohol, 
water and diluted alcohol, each, a sufficient quantity to make ioco 
Cc. (or 29 fl. ounces). The rhubarb and spices are to be mixed 
and reduced to a moderately coarse (No. 40) powder. The 
glycerin is to be mixed with 500 Cc. (or 14*2 fl. ounces) of alcohol 
and 400 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces) of water. 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 4*2 fl. ounces) 
of the liquid, macerated for 24 hours; then packed in a percolator 



i8o fenner's hand-book of 

and the remainder of the menstruum gradually poured upon it, and 
afterwards enough diluted alcohol to make iooo Cc. (or 29 fl. 
ounces) of the tincture. <U. S., p 428. F C F, p 935. 

TINCTURA RHEI DULCIS. Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb. In 
the present formula 10 per cent, of glycerin is added and the pro- 
portions of the ingredients slightly changed: Rhubarb 100 gm. 
(or 3 ounces av.), glycyrrhiza 40 gm. (or i-J- ounces av.), anise 40 
gm. (or 1^ ounces av.), cardamom 10 gm. (or 130 grains), glycerin 
100 Cc. (or 2 -J fl. ounces), alcohol, water and diluted alcohol, each, 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000-Cc. (or 29 fl. ounces). 

The dry drugs are to be reduced to a moderately coarse 
(No. 40) powder. The glycerin is to be mixed with 500 Cc. (or 
14% fl. ounces) of alcohol, and 400 Cc. (or 12 fl. ounces) of water. 
The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 4^4 fl. ounces) of 
the liquid and macerated for 24 hours; then packed firmly in a 
percolator, the remainder of the menstruum poured gradually 
upon it, and afterwards diluted alcohol until 1000 Cc. (or 29 fl. 
ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 428. F C F, p 935. 

TINCTURA SANGUINARLE. Tincture of Sanguinaria. San- 
guinaria, in No. 60 powder, 150 gm. (or 2 3^ ounces av.), acetic 
acid 20 Cc. (or 165 minims), alcohol and waler, each, a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 3 measures with water 2 measures are to be mixed and 
the acetic acid added to 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) of the mixture, the 
powder moistened with this portion and allowed to macerate for 
24 hours. The powder is then packed firmly in a percolator and 
the menstruum poured gradually upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 18 fl. 
ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 429. F C F, p 937. 

TINCTURA SCILL.E. Tincture of Squill. Squill, in No. 30 
powder, 150 gm. (or 2^ ounces av.), alcohol and water, each, a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum. The powder is to be moistened with 200 Cc. (or 4 
ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours, then packed in 
a percolator and the menstruum gradually poured upon it until 
1000 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces) of the tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 
429. F C F, p 938. 

TINCTURA SERPENTARIuE. Tincture of Serpentaria. Ser- 
pentaria, in No. 40 powder, 100 Cc. (or 1% ounces av.), alcohol 
and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 14^2 
fl. ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



Alcohol 6y<z measures with water 3^ measure, are to be mixed 
as a menstruum. The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 
1% fl. ounces) of the liquid and macerated for 24 hours, then 
packed firmly in a percolator and menstruum poured gradually 
upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 14% fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. 
<U. S., p 430. F C F, p 939. 

TINCTURA STRAMONII SEMINIS. Tincture of Stramonium 
Seed. Tinctura Stramonii, Pharm. 1880. In the present 
Pharm. the strength of this tincture is increased to 15 per cent, 
instead of 10 per cent, as in the 1880 Pharm. Stramonium seed, 
in No. 40 powder, 150 Cc. (or 2^ ounces av.), diluted alcohol a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) of 
diluted alcohol and macerated for 24 hours, then packed firmly in 
a percolator and diluted alcohol gradually poured upon it until 
100 Cc. (or 18 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 430. 

TINCTURA STROPHANTHI. Tincture of Strophantus, new. 
Strophanthus, in No. 30 powder, 50 gm. (or 1 ounce av.), alcohol 
and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 194 fl 
ounces). 

Alcohol 6}4 measures with water t, 1 A measures are to be mixed 
and the powder digested with 70 Cc. (or 13/3 ounces) of the men- 
struum for 2 days, then it is to be transferred to a percolator and 
menstruum gradually ^poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or lgl fl. 
ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 430. 

This new tincture has been used as cardiac tonic, its action being somewhat sim- 
lar to digitalis; as a diuretic, increasing the quantity of urine for a longer time than 
most diuretics; as an antipyretic promptly reducing the temperature. It has also 
been used in the treatment of goitre and enlarged glands; also as a local anaesthe- 
tic. The dose is from 1 to 10 minims (0.065 to 0.65 Cc.) administered cautiously. 

TINCTURA SUMBUL. Tincture of Sumbul. Sumbul, in No. 
30 powder, 100 gm. (or iy 2 ounces av.), alcohol and water, each, a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 14*2 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 6y 2 measures with water 3}^ measures are to be mixed 
and the powder moistened with 100 Cc. (or i~y 2 ounces) of the 
liquid and macerated for 24 hours, then the powder is to be packed 
firmly in a percolator and the menstruum gradually poured upon 
it until 1000 Cc. (or 14^2 fl. ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. 
S., p 431. F C F, d 940. 

TINCTURA TOLUTANA. Tincture of Tolu. Balsam of tolu 
100 gm. (or -[)/> ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. (or 14V2 fl. ounces). 



1 82 fenner's hand-book of 

The balsam of tolu is to be macerated with 900 Cc. (or 12 fl. 
ounces) of alcohol until it is dissolved, then filtered through paper 
and enough alcohol added through the filter to make the tincture 
measure 1000 Cc. (or 14^ fl. ounces). <U. S., p 431. FCF, p 
940. 

This tincture is now 10 per cent, by volume, of the balsam, instead of 10 per 
cent, by weight, making it a little stronger than before. 

TINCTURA VALERIANAE. Tincture of Valerian, Valerian, 
in No. 60 powder, 200 gm. (or 4 ounces av.), alcohol and water, 
each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 3 measures with water 1 measure are to be mixed as a 
menstruum, and the powder moistened with 100 Cc. (or 2 ounces) 
of the menstruum and macerated for 24 hours; then the powder is 
to be packed firmly in a percolator and menstruum poured grad- 
ually upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces) of tincture are ob- 
tained. <U. S., p 431. F C F, p 941. 

It would seem that a larger quantity of the menstruum than is directed should be 
used for moistening the powdir; we would suggest double the quantity. 

TINCTURA VALERIANA AMMONIATA. Ammoniated 
Tincture of Valerian. Valerian, in No. 60 powder, 200 gm. (or 
4 ounces av.), aromatic spirit of ammonia a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 19^ fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 200 Cc. (or 4 ounces) of the 
aromatic spirit of ammonia and macerated for 24 hours in a closed 
vessel; then packed firmly in a glass percolator and menstruum 
gradually poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 19^ ounces) of the 
tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 432. F C F, p 942. 

TINCTURA VANILLA. Tincture of Vanilla. Vanilla, cut in 
small pieces, 100 gm. (or 3 ounces av.), sugar, in coarse powder, 
200 gm. (or 6 ounces av.), alcohol and water, each, a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 29 fl. ounces). 

Alcohol 6y 2 measures with water 3^2 measures are to be mixed 
as a menstruum. The vanilla is to be macerated in 500 Cc. (or 
14)4 fl. ounces) of the mixture for 12 hours and the liquor then 
drained off and set aside. The vanilla is then to be put in a 
mortar with the sugar and beat to a uniform powder, then packed 
in a percolator, the reserved liquid poured upon it, and after it 
has disappeared from the surface menstruum is to be gradually 
poured upon it until 1000 Cc. (or 29 fl. ounces) of tincture have 
passed. <U. S , p 432. F C F, p 942. 

In making this preparation it is necessary to have the vanilla cut fine, which can 
best be done by chopping it in a chopping-bowl. It should also be well drained 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 1 83 

before beating in a mortar with the sugar in order that a uniform powder may be 
obtained. This or similar preparations, which may be stronger or weaker are con- 
sderably sold as Extract of Vanilia. 

TINCTURA VERATRI VIRIDIS. Tincture of Veratrum 

Viride. The former Pharm. directed this to be made 50 parts by 
weight of the powdered drug, the present preparation is, there- 
fore, after taking into account the sp. gr. of the finished prepa- 
ration, somewhat weaker than before. Veratrum viride, in No. 60 
powder, 400 gm. (or 14 ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (of 33^ fl. ounces). 

The powder is to be moistened with 150 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be packed 
firmly in a percolator and the alcohol gradually poured upon it ? 
allowing it to percolate very slowly until 1000 Cc. (or 33^8 fl- 
ounces) of tincture are obtained. <U. S., p 432. F C F, p 94^. 

TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS. Tincture of Ginger. Ginger, in 
No. 40 powder, 200 gm. (or 7 ounces av.), alcohol a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 2>2, S A> A. ounces). 

The ginger is to be moistened with 50 Cc. (or 2 fl. ounces) of 
alcohol and macerated for 24 hours. It is then to be packed 
firmly in a percolator, and alcohol poured gradually upon it, allow- 
ing it to percolate slowly until 1000 Cc. (or 33-I fl. ounces) of tinc- 
ture are obtained. <U. S., p 433. F C F, p 944. 

This tincture, or a similar preparation of greater or less strength, is frequently 
sold as Extract or Essence of [a aica Ginger. 

TRITURATIONES. Triturations. The general formula for 
triturations remains unchanged. The substance 10 gm. (or 154 
grains), sugar of milk 90 gm. (or 1389 grains = 3 ounces av. -f- 77 
grains). 

The substance is first to be triturated in a mortar with about an 
equal weight of the sugar of milk and the remainder of the sugar 
of milk gradually added and thoroughly mixed by triturating them 
together. <U. S., p 433. F C F, 856. 

A great variety of triturates are now supplied by manufacturers in the form of 
tablets, generally called ' tablet ti-iturates." The substances of which they are 
composed are triturated thoroughly together and then made into tablets of a size to 
represent a given quantity of the active medicinal agent. 

TRITURATIO ELATERINI. Trituration of Elaterin. Elate- 

rin 10 gm. (or 45 grains), sugar of milk 90 gm. (or 405 grains). 

They are to be thoroughly mixed by trituration. <U. S., p 434 
F C F, p 957. 



1 84 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



This is given in the Pharm. as a sample formula; other triturations may be made 
in the same proportion, or in any desired proportion of the ingredients. 

TROCHESCI. Troches. In the present Pharm. Trochesci Magnesia and 
Trochesci Sodii bantoninatis which were official in the 1880 Pharm. have been dis- 
missed, and Trochesi Santonini has been added. Most of the formulas vary more 
or less from the former authority, but the difference is not enough to be important. 
Druggists as a rule buy these troches of manufacturing pharmacists, although they 
are more readily made than many of the Pharmacopoeia preparations. We have 
given in the formulas which follow, both the 1880 and the 1890 directions so that 
druggists who have stock on hand may readily see how they compare. 

TROCHISCI ACIDI TANNICI. Troches of Tannic Acid. 



Tannic acid, 
Sugar, 
Tragacanth, 
Stronger Orange 

Flower Water, to 

make 



1880. 
100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
1,000 grains (or 65.00 gm,) 
20 grains (or 1.60 gm.) 



1800. 

6 gm. (or 92 grains). 

65 gm. (or 1,000 gaains). 

2 gm. (or 31 grains). 

to make 
100 troches. 



100 troches. 

The powders are to be rubbed together and made into a mass' 
with orange flower water, which is to be divided into 100 troches. 
<U. S., P434. FCF, p 9 6i. 

TROCHISCI AMMONII CHLORIDI. Troches of Ammonium 
Chloride. 

1890. 

10 gm. (or 154 grains). 



1880. 

Ammonium chloride, 200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 

Extract of glycyr- 
rhiza (1890). 

Tragacanth, 25 grains (or 1.60 gm.) 

Sugar, 1,000 grains (or 65.00 gm.) 

Syrup of tolu a suf- 
ficient quantity to 
make 100 troches. 



25 gm. (or 386 grains). 

2 gm. (or 31 grains). 

50 gm. (or 771 grains). 

to make 
100 troches. 



The powders are to be rubbed together and a mass made, with 
syrup of tolu, which is to be divided into 100 troches. <U. S., p 
434. FCF, p 961. 

Extract of glycyrrhiza is added in the 1890 Pharm. in place of a portion of the 
sugar. This changes the. color of the troches, which were white before, to brown. 

TROCHISCI CATECHU. Troches of Catechu. 



Catechu, 

Sugar, 

Tragacanth, 

Stronger Orange 
Flower Water, a 
sufficient quantity 
to make 



100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

1,000 grains (or 65.00 gm). 

25 grains (or I 60 gm.) 



6 gm. (or 92 grains). 

65 gm. (or T,ooo grains). 

2 gm. (or 31 grains). 



to make 
100 troches. 



100 troches. 

The powders are to be rubbed together and a mass made, with 
the orange flower water, which is to be divided into 100 troches. 
<U. S. p 435- F C F, p 961. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 



85 



TROCHISCI CRETA. Troches of Chalk. 

1880. 

Prepared chalk, 400 grains (or 26.00 gm.) 

Acacia powd., 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
Spirit of nutmeg (1890), 

(Nutmeg, 1880), 15 grains (or 1.00 gm.) 

Sugar, 600 grains (or 39.00 gm.) 
Water, a sufficient 

quantity to make 100 troches. 

The powders are to be mixed and worked 
form a mass which is to be divided into 100 
435. F C F, p 962. 

TROCHISCI CUBEBiE. Troches of Cubeb. 



1890. 

25 gm. (or 385 grains). 
7 gm. (or 108 grains). 
3 Cc. (or 48 minims). 

40 gm. (or 617 grains). 

to make 
100 troches. 

with the liquids to 

troches. <U. S., p 



Oleoresin of cubeb, 
Oil of sassafras, 
Ext. of glycyrrhiza, 
Acacia powd., 
Syrup of tolu, suffi- 
cient to make 



1880. 

50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 

15 grains (or 1.00 gm.) 

400 grains (or 26.00 gm.) 

200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 



1890. 

4 gm. (or 62 grains). 

1 Cc. (or 16 minims) 
25 gm. (or 386 grains). 
12 gm. (or 185 grains), 
to make 
100 troches. 



100 troches. 

The powders are to be rubbed together and thoroughly mixed, 
the oleoresin and oil are then added and thoroughly incorporated 
and a mass made, with the syrup tolu, which is to be divided into 
100 troches. <U. S., p 435. F C F, p 962. 

TROCHISCI FERRI. Troches of Iron. 



1880. 

Ferric hydrate, dried, 500 grains (or 32.50 gm.) 
Vanilla cut, 10 grains (or 0.65 gm.) 

Sugar, 1,500 grains (or 97.50 gm.) 

Mucilage of traga- 

canth, sufficient to 

make 100 troches. 



1890. 
30 gm. (or 463 grains). 
1 gm. (or 15 grains). 
100 gm. (or T ,543 grains). 

to make 
100 troches. 



The vanilla is to be rubbed to a powder with a portion of the 
sugar and mixed with the ferric hydrate and the remainder of the 
sugar. The powder is then to be made into a mass with the 
mucilage of tragacanth, and divided into 100 troches. <U. S., p 
436. F C F, p 962. 

TROCHISCI GLYCYRRHIZA ET OPII. 

rhiza and Opium. 

1880. 

Extract of glycyrrhiza. 200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 
Powdered opium (1S90), 

Extract of opium (1880), 5 grains (or 0.32 gm.) 
Acacia, 200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 

Sugar, 300 grains (or 19.50 gm.) 

Oil of anise, 3 grains (or 0.20 gm.), 

Water, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make too troches, 



Troches of Glycyr- 



1890. 

15 gm. (or 231 grains). 
°-5 g m - ( or 8 grains). 

12 gm. (or 185 grains). 
20 gm. (or 308 grains). 

0.2 gm. (or 3 minims). 

to make 

100 troches, 



1 86 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



The powders are to be rubbed together until they are well 
mixed, the oil added and then the water to form a mass which is 
to be divided into ioo troches. 

TROCHISCI IPECACUANHA. Troches of Ipecac. 



Ipecac powd., 
Tragacanth, powd., 
Sugar, powd., 
Syrup of orange, 
sufficient to make 



25 grains (or 
25 grains (or 



1.60 gm.) 
1.60 gm.) 



1890. 
2 gm. (or 31 grains), 
2 gm. (or 31 grains). 
65 gm. (or 1000 grains). 
;o make 
100 troches. 



1000 grains (or 65.00 gm.) 

100 troches. 

The powders are to be rubbed together and made with the 
syrup into a mass which is to be divided into 
S., p 436. F C F, p 963. 

TROCHISCI KRAMERIA. Troches of Krameria. 



00 troches. <U. 



1880. 

Extract of krameria, 100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 
Sugar, 1000 grains (or 65.00 gm.) 

Tragacanth, 25 grains (or 1.60 gm.) 

Stronger orange flower 

water, sufficient to 

make 100 troches. 



1890. 
6 gm. (or 92 grains). 
65 gm. (or 1000 grains). 
2 gm. (or 31 grains). 

to make 
100 troches. 



The powders are are to be rubbed together and then with the 
orange flower water made into a mass which is to be divided into 
100 troches. <U. S., p 437. F C F, p 963. , 

TROCHISCI MENTHA PIPERITA. Troches of Peppermint. 



Oil of peppermint, 
Sugar, powd. 
Mucilage of tragacanth, 
sufficient to make 



1880. 
15 grains (or I gm.) 
1200 grains (or 78 gm.) 



I Cc (or 16 minims). 
80 gm.(or 1235 grains), 
to make 
100 troches. 



100 troches. 

The oil of peppermint is to be incorporated with the sugar and 
a mass made with the mucilage, which is to be divided into 100 
troches. <U. S., p 437. FCF, p 964. 

TROCHISCI MORPHINA ET IPECACUANHA. Troches of 
Morphine and Ipecac. 



1880. 

Morphine sulphate, 2.\ grains (or o. 16 gm.) 

Ipecac, powd., 8 grains (or 0,50 gm.) 

Sugar, 1000 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

Oil of gaultheria, I grain (or 0.06 gm.) 

Mucilage of tragacanth, 

sufficient to make 100 troches. 



1890. 
0.16 gm. (or 2\ grains). 
0.50 gm. (or 8 grains). 
65.00 gm. (or iooograins) 
0.20 Cc. (or 3 minims), 
to make 
100 troches. 



The powders are to be rubbed together until they are thoroughly 
mixed, and the oil incorporated with them. A mass is then to be 
made with the mucilage and divided into 100 troches. <U. S., p 
437. F C F, p 964. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPEIA, 



l8 7 



TROCHISCI POTASSII CHLORATIS. 
Chlorate. 



Potassium chlorate, 
powd., 

Sugar, 
Tragacanth, 
Spirit of lemon, 
Water, a sufficient 
quantity to make 



1880. 

500 grains (or 32.50 gm.) 

1900 grains (or 124. gm.) 

100 grains (or 6.50 gm.) 

10 grains (or 0.65 gm.) 



Troches of Potassium 



1890. 

30 gm. (or 463 grains). 
120 gm. (or 1S51 grains). 

6 gm. (or 92 grains). 

1 Cc. (or 16 minims), 
to make 
100 troches. 



100 troches. 

The powders are to be mixed, the spirit of lemon added and 
then water to make a mass which is to be divided into 100 troches. 
Care must be used in making these troches to prevent explosion or 
ignition; a bone or wood spatula should be used, and the mass 
should be mixed without pounding or great pressure. <U. S., p 
438. F C F, p 965. 

TROCHISCI SANTONINI. Troches of Santonin, new. Santonin, 
in line powder 3 gm. (or 46 grains), sugar, in fine powder no gm. 
(or 1698 grains), tragacanth, in fine powder 3 gm. (or 46 grains), 
stronger orange flower water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 

The powders are to be rubbed together until they are thoroughly 
mixed, then, with stronger orange flower water, made into a mass 
which is to be divided into 100 troches. <U. S., p 438. FCF, 
P 9 6 5- 

TROCHISCI SODII BICARBONATIS. 
Bicarbonate. 



Troches of Sodium 



iSbo. 
Sodium bicarbonate, 300 grains (or 19 50 gm.) 
Sugar, 900 grains (or 58 50 gm.) 

Nutmeg, 15 grains (or 1. gm.) 

Mucilage of tragacanth, 

sufficient to make 100 troches. 



1880. 
20 gm. (or 310 grains). 
60 gm. (or 926 grains). 
1 gm. (or 15 grains). 
to make 
100 troches. 



The nutmeg is to be triturated with the sugar gradually added, 
and then mixed intimately with the sodium bicarbonate. The 
powder is to be made into a mass with the mucilage, and divided 
into 100 troches. 

TROCHISCI ZINGIBERIS. Troches of Ginger. 



Tincture of ginger, 

Tragacanth, 

Sugar, 

Syrup of ginger, a 
sufficient quanti- 
ty to make 



I5S0. 

200 grains (or 13.00 gm.) 

50 grains (or 3.25 gm.) 

2000 grains (or 130. gm.) 



100 troches. 



1890. 

20 Cc. (or 325 minims). 

4 gm. (or 62 grains). 

130 gm. (or2ooo grains). 

to make 
100 troches. 



The tincture of ginger is to be mixed with the sugar and the 
mixture exposed to the air until dry, then reduced to a line pow- 



FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 



der, mixed with the tragacanth and then with the syrup to make a 
mass which is to be divided into ioo troches. <U. S., p 439. F 
C F, p 965. 

UNGUENTA. Ointments. In the seventh revision of the Tharm . three oint- 
ments which were official in the sixth revision have been dismissed, viz: Unguent- 
um Acidi Gallici, Unguentum Mezerei, and Unguentum Sulphuris Alkaliman . 
No new ones have been added. In many of the formulas there is considerable 
change in the proportion of ingredients used. These changes will be noted in the 
formulas in which they occur. The same bases that were directed in the 1880 
Pharm., have, as a rule, been adhered to, although it was expected that petrolatum, 
or some of the other more recent fatty bodies that have been found appropriate, 
would take the place of lard in the ointment bases. 

UNGUENTUM. Ointment. Simple Ointment. Lard 800 gm. 
(or 8 ounces), yellow wax 200 gm. (or 2 ounces). 

The wax is to be melted and the lard gradually added. When 
melted it is to be set aside until it begins to "chill," then it is to 
be stirred constantly until it is cool. <U. S., p 439. F C F, p 968. 

UNGUENTUM ACIDI CARBOLICI. Ointment of Carbolic 
Acid. In the present Pharm. the carbolic acid is decreased one- 
half ; making the ointment now 5 per cent, of the acid instead of 
10 per cent, as before. 

Carbolic acid 5 gm. (or 1 ounce), ointment 95 gm. (or 19 ounces). 
The Pharm. directs to mix them thoroughly; it may be added that 
the carbolic acid should be liquified by heat, if not already liquid? 
and the ointment softened slightly by heat before mixing them, in 
order that the acid may be well distributed. <U. S., p 439. F C 
F, p 969. 

UNGUENTUM ACIDI TANNICI. Ointment of Tannic Acid. 
The present Pharm. doubles the medicinal strength of this oint- 
ment making it now 20 per cent, of the tannic acid instead of 10 
per cent, as before. Tannic acid, in very fine powder, 20 gm. (or 
1 ounce), benzoinated lard 80 gm. (or 4 ounces). 

The tannic acid is to be rubbed with the benzoinated lard grad- 
ually added in a glass or earthenware mortar. < U. S., p 440. F 
C F, p 970. 

UNGUENTUM AQUjE ROSiE. Ointment of Rose Water. Cold 
Cream. The present formula is: Spermaceti 125 gm. (or 4 
ounces av. -j- 180 grains), white wax 120 gm. (or 4 ounces av. -f- 
100 grains), expressed oil of almond 600 Cc. (or 20^ fl. ounces'), 
stronger rose water 190 gm. (or 6V2 fl. ounces), sodium borate 
5 g m - ( or 77 grains). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 1 89 



The spermaceti and white wax are to be reduced to fine shavings 
and melted at a moderate heat. The expressed oil of almond is 
then to be added and the mixture poured into a warmed, shallow, 
wedgewood mortar, carefully adding, without stirring, the whole 
of the stronger rose water in which the sodium borate had pre- 
viously been dissolved. It is then to be stirred rapidly and 
continuously until the mixture becomes uniformly soft and creamy 
<U. S., p 440. F C F, p 971. 

UNGUENTUM BELLADONNA. Belladonna Ointment. Al- 
cohol extract of belladonna leaves 10 gm. (or i ounce), diluted 
alcohol 5 Cc. (or ]/z fl. ounce), benzoinated lard 85 gm. (or 8^4 
ounces). 

The extract is to be rubbed with the diluted alcohol until it is 
uniformily soft. The lard is then to be gradually added and 
thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 440. F C F, p 972. 

It will be observed that the present formula is quite different from that of the 
1880 Pharm., and, probably, quite an improvement upon it. The addition of borax 
helps to hold the ingredients from separating, and acts, as well, as an antiseptic. 

UNGUENTUM CHRYSAROBINI. Chrysarobin Ointment. The 

medicinal strength of this ointment has been decreased one-half 
and is now 5 per cent, instead of 10 per cent, as in the 1880 Pharm- 
Chrysarobin 5 gm. (or ^2 ounce), benzoinated lard 95 gm. (or 9^2 
ounces). 

The chrysarobin is to be rubbed with the benzoinated lard 
gradually added until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 441. 
F C F, p 975. 

UNGUENTUM DIACHYLON. Diachylon Ointment. The 

proportion of lead plaster has been decreased in the present 
formula from 60 parts to 50 parts, which, necessarily, makes a 
softer plaster than before. The formula now is: Lead plaster 
500 gm. (or 5 ounces av.), olive oil 490 gm. (or 4.9 ounces av.), 
oil of lavender flowers 10 Cc. (or 46 minims). 

The lead plaster and olive oil are to be melted together on a 
water-bath, and when partly cool, the oil of lavender is to be added 
and the ointment stirred constantly until cool. <U. S., p 441. 
F C F, p 367. 

UNGUENTUM GALLjB. Nutgall Ointment. The present 
Pharm. directs this to be made with 20 per cent, of nutgall instead 
of 10 per cent, as in the 1880 Pharm. Nutgall, in No. 80 powder, 
20 gm. (or 2 ounces), benzoinated lard 80 gm. (or 8 ounces). 

The nutgall is to be rubbed with the benzoinated lard 



190 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

gradually added until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 441. 
FCF, p 977. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI. Mercurial Ointment. Blue 
Ointment. Mercury 500 gm. (or 1 pound av.), lard 250 gm. (or 
Yv pound av.), suet 230 gm. (or 7^3 ounces av.), oleate of mercury 
20 gm. (or 309 grains). 

The oleate of mercury is to be triturated with the mercury, 
gradually added in a mortar, until globules of mercury are no 
longer visible. The lard and the suet previously melted together 
and partially cooled are then to be added and the trituration con- 
tinued until globules of mercury are no longer visible under a 
lens magnifying 10 diameters. <U. S„ p 441. F C F, p 978. 

It will be noted that the ingredients and their proportions are somewhat changed, 
but the resultant preparation remains the same, containing about 50 per cent., by 
weight, of mercury. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI AMMONIATI. Ointment of 
Ammoniated Mercury. Ammoniated mercury, in very fine 
powder, 10 gm. (or 1 ounce), benzoinated lard 90 gm. (or 9 
ounces). 

The ammoniated mercury is to be rubbed with the benzoinated 
lard, gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., 
p 442. FCF, p 979. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. Ointment of 
Mercuric Nitrate. Citrine Ointment. Mercury 70 gm. (or 2 
ounces av. -|- 205 grains), nitric acid 175 gm. (or 6 ounces av. -f- 
113 grains), lard oil 760 gm. (or 10 ounces av. + 353 grains). 

The lard oil is to be heated in a glass or porcelain vessel to a 
temperature of ioo° C. (212 F.). The heat is then to be with- 
drawn and 70 gm.(or 2Y2 ounces av) of nitric acid added, and when 
the reaction moderates, heat is to be again applied until effer- 
vescense ceases. The mixture is then allowed to cool to about 
40 C. (104 F.), and, having dissolved the mercury in the remain- 
der of the nitric acid by the aid of heat sufficient to prevent the 
solution from crystallizing, it is to be added to the mixture of lard 
oil and acid. When cold the ointment is to be mixed smooth by 
trituration, avoiding the use of a metallic spatula. <U. S., p 442. 
F C F, p 980. 

The increased quantity of nitric acid only makes up for the difference in acid 
strength of the present acid as compared with the former. The preparation is, 
therefore, the same as before. 



THE U.S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 19 I 



UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OXIDI FLA VI. Ointment of 
Yellow Mercuric Oxide. Yellow mercuric oxide 10 gm. (or i 
ounce), ointment 90 gm. (or 9 ounces). 

The yellow mercuric oxide is to be rubbed with the ointment 
gradually added until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 442. 
F C F, p 981. 

UNGUENTUM OXIDI RUBRI. Ointment of Red Mercuric 
Oxide. The present formula is: Red mercuric oxide, in very fine 
powder, 10 gm. (or 1 ounce), castor oil 5 gm. (or % ounce), oint- 
ment 85 gm. (or 8^ ounces). 

The red mercuric oxide is to be triturated with the castor oil 
until a perfectly smooth mixture results; the ointment, previously 
softened a little by heat, is then to be gradually added and 
thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 443. F C F, p 981. 

The castor oil is a new addition in the present formula. 

UNGUENTUM IODI. Iodine Ointment. Iodine 4 gm. (or 40 
grains), potassium iodide 1 gm. (or 10 grains), water 2 Cc. (or 20 
minims), benzoinated lard 93 gm. (or 930 grains). 

The iodine is to be rubbed with the iodide of potassium and 
water in a mortar and then with the benzoinated lard gradually 
added until they are thoroughly mixed, avoiding the use of a 
metallic spatula. It should be freshly made when required. <U. 
S-, p 443- F C F, p 982. 

UNGUENTUM IODOFORMI. Iodoform Ointment. Iodoform, 
in very fine powder, 10 gm. (or 50 grains), benzoinated lard 90 
gm. (or 450 grains). 

The iodoform is to be rubbed with the benzoinated lard gradu- 
ally added until they are thoroughly mixed. It should be freshly 
prepared when wanted for use. <U. S., p 443. F C F, p 983. 

UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUIDS. Tar Ointment. The present 
formula is: Tar 500 gm. (or 4 ounces), yellow wax 125 gm. (or 1 
ounce), lard 375 gm. (or 3 ounces). 

The wax and lard are to be melted together, the tar incorpo- 
rated and the mixture strained and stirred while cooling. <U. 
S , p 444. F C F, p 984. 

The 1880 formula was tar and suet equal parts. The strength is the same but 
the base different. 

UNGUENTUM PLUMBI CARBONATIS. Ointment of Lead 

Carbonate. Lead carbonate, in very fine powder, 10 gm. (or 1 
ounce), benzoinated lard 90 gm. (or 9 ounces). 



I92 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

The lead carbonate is to be rubbed with the benzoinated lard, 
gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 444. 
F C F, p 985. 

UNGUENTUM PLUMBI IODIDI. Ointment of Lead Iodide. 

Lead iodide, in very fine powder, 10 gm. (or 1 ounce), benzoinated 
lard 90 gm. (or 9 ounces). 

The lead iodide is to be rubbed with the benzoinated lard, 
gradually added, until they'are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 444. 
F C F, p 985. 

UN-GUENTUM POTASSII IODIDI. Ointment of Potassium 
Iodide. Potassium iodide 12 gm. (or 185 grains), sodium hypo- 
sulphite 1 gm. (or 15 grains), water, hot, 10 Cc. (or 162 minims), 
benzoinated lard 77 gm. (or 2% ounces av). 

The potassium iodide and the sodium hyposulphite are to be 
dissolved in the hot water and the solution rubbed with the ben- 
zoinated lard until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 444. 
F C F, p 986. 

UNGUENTUM STRAMONII. Stramonium Ointment. Extract 
of stramonium seed 10 gm. (or 1 ounce), diluted alcohol 5 Cc. (or 
)4 ounce), benzoinated lard 85 gm. (or 8}4 ounces). 

The extract is to be rubbed with the diluted alcohol until uni- 
formly soft, and then with the benzoinated lard, gradually added 
until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 444. F C F, p 988. 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS. Sulphur Ointment. The present 
formula is: Washed sulphur 300 gm. (or 3 ounces), benzoinated 
lard 700 gm. (or 7 ounces). 

The washed sulphur is to be rubbed with the benzoinated lard, 
gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 445. 
F C F, p 988. 

The former Pharm. directed sublimed sulphur to be used. 

UNGUENTUM VERATRINE. Veratrine Ointment. The 

present formula is: Veratrine 2 gm. (or 10 grains), olive oil 6 gm. 
(or 30 grains), benzoinated lard 90 gm. (or 450 grains). 

The veratrine is to be rubbed with the olive oil in a mortar and, 
when dissolved, the benzoinated lard gradually added and 
thoroughly mixed. <U. S., p 445. F C F, p 990. 

The former Pharm. directed alcohol 6 gm. to be used to dissolve the verataine, 
and benzoinated lard 96 parts to be added. 

UNGUENTUM ZINCI OXIDI. Ointment of Zinc Oxide. Zinc 
oxide 200 gm. (or 2 ounces'* benzoinated lard 800 gm. (or 8 
ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPCEIA. 193 



The zinc oxide is to be sifted through a No. 20 sieve upon the 
surface of the benzoinated lard, previously melted, and incorpo- 
rated with it by stirring until the ointment is cool. <U. S., p 
445. F CF, p 991. 

Note the change of directions in the 1890 Pharm. 

For other ointments, of which there are a great variety, see 
F C F, p 967 to 994. 

VERATRINA. Veratrine. "A mixture of alkaloids obtained 
from the seed of Asagraa officinalis." <U. S., p 446. F C F, p 

Soluble in 3 parts of alcohol at X T. but only very slightly soluble in water. Also 
soluble in 6 parts of ether or 2 parts of chloroform. It is very poisonous and should 
not be used internally except in dilute solutions or triturates. 

VINA. Wines. In the 1890 Pharm. four wines have been dismissed, viz: 
Vinum Album Fortius Vinum Aloes, Vinum Aromaticum, Vinunt Rhei . Of 
the remaining official wines, nearly all the formulas have been somewhat changed. 
The changes will be seen by reference to the formulas. 

For other than the official wines, of which there are many, <FC F, p 997 to 
1014. 

VINUM ALBUM. White Wine. "An alcoholic liquid made 
by fermenting the juice of fresh grapes, the fruit of Vitis vinifera, 
freed from seeds, stems and skins." <U. S., p 447. F C F, p 997 

White wines of domestic production as California Riesling, Ohio Catawba, etc., 
are recommended. The wine should not contain less than 10 per cent, nor more 
than 14 per cent, by weight, (equivalent to 12.4 to 17.3 per cent, by volume), 
of absolute alcohol. It may be stated that most, natural domestic wines made in 
this country do not contain this amount of alcohol, but are fortified when put upon 
the market by adding alcohol to bring them up to the standard. 

VINUM ANTIMONII. Wine of Antimony. Antimony and 
potassium tartrate 4 gm. (or 60 grains), boiling distilled water 65 
Cc. (or 2}^ ounces), alcohol 150 Cc. (or 5 ft. ounces), white wine a 
sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 3$ ft. ounces). 

The alcohol is to be mixed with 800 Cc. (or 26 ft. ounces) of 
white wine. The tartar emetic is to be dissolved in the boiling 
distilled water and the solution added to the mixture. When the 
liquid is cold it is to be filtered through paper and enough white 
wine added through the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 
33 ft. ounces). <U. S., p 448. F C F, p 998. 

In the 1880 formula, stronger white wine was directed, but alcohol is now added 
in the formula to equal the strength of the stronger white wine; the percentage of 
the active medicinal agent is about the same. 

VINUM COLCHICI RADICIS. Wine of Colchicum Root. 

Colchicum root, in No, 30 powder, 400 gm. (or 133/3 ounces av.), 



194 FENNER S HAND-BOOK OF 

alcohol 150 Cc. (or 5 fl. ounces), white wine a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 33^ fl. ounces). 

The alcohol is to be mixed with 850 Cc. (or 28 fl. ounces) of 
white wine, the powder moistened with 100 Cc. (or $y 2 ounces) of 
the mixture and packed moderately in a conical glass percolator 
The remainder of the liquid is then to be gradually poured upon 
it and afterwards enough white wine to make the product measure 
1000 Cc. (or 33}i ounces). <U. S., p 449. F C F, p 1000. 

The 1880 formula directed 40 parts of powdered colchicum root to be percolated 
with stronger white wine until 100 parts, by weight, of percolate were obtained; 
the proportion of the medicinal agent was the same as now. 

VINUM COLCHICI SEMINIS. Wine of Colchicum Seed. 

Colchicum seed, in No. 30 powder, 150 gm. (or 3 ounces av. -J- 46 
grains), alcohol 150 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), white wine a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). 

The alcohol is to be mixed with 850 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces) of 
white wine. The powder is to be macerated with 900 Cc. (or 18 
fl. ounces) of the mixture during 7 days with frequent shaking, 
then filtered through paper and the remainder of the menstruum 
added through the filter, and enough white wine to make the 
measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 449. F C F, p 1001. 

The 1880 Pharm. directed 15 parts of colchicum seed, in powder, to be macerated 
with enough stronger white wine to make 100 parts, by weight, of the liquid afte r 
filtering. The proportion of the medicinal agent is the same as before. 

VINUM ERGOTA. Wine of Ergot. Ergot, recently dried, 
and in No. 30 powder, 150 gm. (or 3 ounces av. -J- 46 grains), 
alcohol 150 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), white wine a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). 

The alcohol is to be mixed with 850 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces) of 
white wine, and the powder moistened with 40 Cc. (or about 1 
ounce) of the mixture and packed moderately in a conical glass 
percolator. The remainder of the liquid is then to be gradually 
poured upon it and afterwards enough white wine to make the 
product measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. S., p 449. F. 
C F, p 1001. 

The 1880 Pharm. directed 15 parts of ergot, in powder, to be percolated with 
stronger white wine until 100 parts, by weight, of percolate was obtained. The 
medicinal strength is the same as before. 

VINUM FERRI AMARUM. Bitter Wine of Iron. The pres- 
sent formula is: Soluble iron and quinine citrate 50 gm. (or 1 
ounce av. -f- 19 grains), tincture of sweet orange peel 150 Cc. (or 
3 fl. ounces), syrup 300 Cc. (or 6 fl. ounces), white wine a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 1 95 



The soluble iron and quinine citrate is to be dissolved in 500 
Cc. (or 10 fl. ounces) of white wine; to this solution the tincture of 
sweet orange peel and syrup are to be added, and then enough 
white wine to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). The 
mixture is to be set aside for several days, then filtered and enough 
white wine passed through the filter to make up the original 
'measure. <U. S., p 450. F C F, p 1002. 

The ingredients and manner of making are different than was directed in the 
former Pharm., but the resultant preparation is about the same. This has been 
extensively sold, put up, as a popular tonic. 

VINUM FERRI CITRATIS. Wine of Ferric Citrate. Iron 
and ammonium citrate 40 gm. (or 365 grains), tincture of sweet 
orange peel 150 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), syrup 100 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), 
white wine a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). 

The iron salt is to be dissolved in 700 Cc. (or 14 fl. ounces) of 
white wine, and to the solution the tincture and syrup added; 
then enough white wine to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 
fl. ounces). The mixture is to be set aside for a few days, then 
filtered, and enough white wine added through the filter to restore 
the original measure. <U. S., p 450. F C F, p 1002. 

VINUM IPECACUANHA. Wine of Ipecac. The present 
formula is: Fiuid extract of ipecac 100 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounces), alco- 
hol 100 Cc. (or 1 fl. ounce), white wine 800 Cc. (or 8 fl. ounces). 

They are to be mixed and set aside for a few days then filtered. 
<U. S., p 450. F C F, p 1003. 

The present preparation contains 10 per cent, of ipecac, while the former was 7 
parts of iluid extract of ipecac, with 93 parts, by weight, of stronger white wine, 
making about 7 per cent, of ipecac. If made with the present official fluid extract 
of ipecac, the preparation will be cloudy and deposit resinous matter, needing to be 
filtered, which it does not if made with the former official fluid extract. 

VINUM OPII. Wine of Opium. Powdered opium 100 gm. (or 
912 grains), cassia cinnamon, in No. 60 powder, 10 gm. (or 91 
grains), cloves in No. 30 powder, 10 gm. (or 91 grains), alcohol 
150 Cc. (or 3 fl. ounces), white wine a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). 

The alcohol is to be mixed with 850 Cc. (or 17 fl. ounces) of 
white wine. The powders are to be mixed and added to 900 Cc. 
(or 18 fl. ounces) of the mixture and macerated for seven days in 
a closed vessel, then filtered and enough white wine added through 
the filter to make the measure 1000 Cc. (or 20 fl. ounces). <U. 
S., p 451. F C F, p 2003. 



196 fenner's hand-book of 

This is pratically the same as in the former revision, the alcohol being added in 
the preparation instead of using stronger white wine as was directed. 

Wine of opium should yield 1.3 to 1.5 per cent, of crystallized morphine, when as- 
sayed by the official process. 

VINUM RUBRUM. Red Wine. "An alcoholic liquid made by 
fermenting the juice of fresh colored grapes, the fruit of Vitis 
vinifera, in presence of their skins." <U. S., p 451. F C F, p 
1005, 1 185. 

The present Pharmacopoeia contemplates that a natural domestic red wine with- 
out the addition of sugar, as claret, Burgundy, etc., shall be used, unless otherwise 
specified. It should contain not less than 10 nor more than 14 per cent., by weight, 
(equivalent to 12.4 to 17.3 per cent, by volume), of absolute alcohol. 

ZINCI ACETAS. Zinc Acetate. Zn(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 4- 2 H 2 0. 

Soluble in 2.7 parts of water and in 36 parts of alcohol at N T.; in 1.5 parts of 
boiling water and in about 3 parts of boiling alcohol. <U. S., p 453. F C F. p 
1015. 

ZINCI BROMIDUM. Zinc Bromide. ZnBr 2 . 

This salt is readily soluble in water and alcohol. 

ZINCI CARBONAS PR^CIPITATUS. Precipitated Zinc 
Carbonate. 

Insoluble in water or alcohol. In dilute acids it dissolves with effervescense. It 
is also soluble in ammonia water. 

ZINCI CHLORIDUM. Zinc Chloride. ZnCl 2 . 

Soluble in about 0.3 part of water at N T.; also very soluble in alcohol. It is 
deliquescent when exposed to the air. Very caustic. <U. S., p 455. F C F, p 
1017. 

ZINCI IODIDUM. Zinc Iodide. Znl 2 . 

Very deliquescent and very soluble in water or alcohol. <U. S., p 455. F C F, 
p 1018. 

ZINCI OXIDUM. Zinc Oxide. ZnO. 

Insoluble in water or alcohol. Soluble without effervescense in diluted acids, 
also in ammonia water. U. S., p 456. F C F, p 1018. 

ZINCI PHOSPHIDUM. Zinc Phosphide. Zn 3 P 2 . 

Insoluble in alcohol or water, soluble in dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid ( 
with evolution of hydrogen phosphide. <U. S., p 457. F C F, p 1018. 

ZINCI SULPHAS. Zinc Sulphate. ZnS0 4 + 7 H 2 0. 

Soluble in 0.6 part of water at N T. and in 0.2 part of boiling water, also solu- 
ble in about 3 parts of glycerin, but insoluble in alcohol. It effloresces in dry air. 
<U. S.,p457- F C F, p 1019. 

ZINCI VALERIANAS. Zinc Valerianate. Zn(H 9 C B 0,) 1 +2H,0. 

Soluble at N T. in about 100 parts of water and in 40 parts of alcohol. When 
exposed to the air it slowly loses valerianic acid. <U. S., p 458. F C F, p 1020. 



THE U. S. PHARMACOPOEIA. 



197 



TABLE OF ELEMENTARY SUBSTANCES. U. S. P., 1890 
According to L. Meyer and K. Seubert. 



The following table represents the elementary substances and 
their atomic weights as given in the Seventh Revision of the U. 
S. Pharmacopoeia, in accordance with the latest and most approv- 
ed authorities — hydrogen being taken as the unit of atomic weight. 
For table of elementary substances of the 1880 Pharm. <F C F 
p 18. 



Name. 


Symbol. 


Atomic 
Weight. 


Name. 


Symbol. 


Atomic 
Weight. 


Aluminum 


Al 

Sb 

As 

Ba 

Be 

Bi 

B 

Br 

Cd 

Cs 

Ca 

C 

Ce 

CI 

Cr 

Co 

Cb 

Cu 

Di 

Er 

F 

Ga 

Ge 

Au 

H 

In 

I 

\r 

Fe 

La 

lb 

Li 

Mg 

Mn 

Hg 


27.04 
119.6 
74.9 
136.9 
9.03 
208.9 
10.9 
79.76 
111.5 
132.7 
39.91 
11.97 
139.9 
35.37 
52.0 
58.6 
93.7 
63.18 
142.0 
166.0 
19.0 
69.9 
72.3 
196.7 
1.0 
113.6 
126.53 
192.5 
55.88 
138.2 
206.4 
7.01 
24.3 
54.8 
199.8 


Molybdenum 

Nickel 

Nitrogen 


Mo 

Ni 

N 

Os 

O 

Pd 

P 

Pt 

K 

Rh 

Rb 

Ru 

Sm 

Sc 

Se 

Si 

Ag 

Na 

Sr 

S 

Ta 

Te 

Tb 

Tl 

Th 

Sn 

Ti 

W 

u 

V 

Yb 
Yt 
Zn 
Zr 


95.9 




58.6 


Arsenic 


14.01 


Barium 


Osmium 


190.3 


Beryllium 1 




15.96 


Bismuth 


Palladium 

Phosphorus 

Platinum 


106.35 


Boron 

Bromine 


30.96 
194.3 


Cadmium 


Potassium 


39.03 


Caesium 


Rhodium 


102.9 


Calcium 


Rubidium 

Ruthenium 

Samarium 


85 2 


Carbon 

Cerium 


101.4 
149.62 


Chlorine 

Chromium .... 


Scandium 


43.97 

78.87 


Cobalt 


Silicon 


28.3 


Columbium- 




107.66 


Conner 




23.0 


Didymiunr 5 

Erbium 


Stront.um 


87.3 


Sulphur 


31.98 


Fluorine 


Tantalum 

Tellurium 

Terbium 


182.0 


Gallium 

Germanium 


125.0 
159.1 


Gold 


Thallium. 


203.7 


Hydrogen 

Indium 


Thorium 


231.9 


Tin 


118.8 


Iodine 


Titanium 


48.0 


Iridium 

Iron 


Tungsten 

Uranium 


183.6 

238.8 


Lanthanum 


Vanadium 


51.1 


Lead 


Ytterbium . . . 


172.6 


Lithium 


Yttrium 


88.9 


Magnesiu u 

Manganese 

Mercury 


Zinc 


65.1 


Zirconium 


90.4 







^lso called Glucinum, Gl=9,o3. 
' 2 Also called Niobium, Nb= 93-7. 
3 Composed of Neo- and Praseo-Didymium, 



WEIGHT EQUIVALENTS. 



WEIGHT EQUIVALENTS. 



UNITS OF WEIGHT AND 
MEASURE. 



Weight Equivalents. 



Apothecary Weight. 



Grain (gr.) . 
Scruple (3) . 
Drachm (5) 
Ounce (5) . 
Pound (lb.) . 



Avoirdupois Weight. 



i Ounce (oz.) 
i Pound (.lb.) . 



Metric Weight. 

Milligramme (mg.) . . 

Centigramme (eg.) . . 

Decigramme (dg.). . . 
Gramme (gm.) .... 

Decagramme (Dg.) . . 

Hectogramme (Hg.) . 

Kilogramme (Kg.) . . 



Apothecary (Am.) Fl. M. 

Distilled water at 1 5 .6°C . (6o°F.) 

1 Minim (m.) = 

1 Fluiddrachm (fl. 5) . . . . = 

1 Fluidounce (fl. 3) = 

1 Pint (O) = 

1 Gallon (C) = 

Imperial (Br.) Fluid M. 

Distilled water at 15. 6°C.(6o°F.) 

1 Minim (m.) = 

1 Fluid drachm (fl. 5) . . . . = 

1 Fluid ounce (fl. 3) = 

1 Pint (O) = 

1 Gallon (C) = 

Metric Fluid Measure. 

Distilled water at 1 5. 6° C (6o°F.) 
1 Cubic Centimetre* (C. c.) . = 
1 Centilitre (cl.) ..;...= 

1 Decilitre (dl.) = 

1 Litre t (1.) = 

1 Decalitre (Dl.) = 

1 Hectolitre (HI.) = 

1 Kilolitre (Kl.) = 



In Troy 


In 


In Avoirdu- 


In Metric 




Apothecary- 


pois ounces. 






Weight. 


(437% grs.) 




1. 


One grain. 


0.0023 


0.0648 


20. 


One scruple. 
One drachm. 


0.0457 


1.2959 


60. 


0.1371 


3.8879 


480. 


One ounce. 


1.0971 


31-1035 


5760. 


One lb. =123 
In Troy oz. 

(480 grs.) 


13-1657 


373.2420 


437%. 


0.9114 


One ounce. 


28.3495 


7000. 


M.5833 


Onelb=i6oz 


453-5925 


0.0154 
O.I543 








0.0003 


0.0003 


O.OIOO 


1-543? 


0.0032 


0.0035 


O.IOOO 


15-4323 


0.0321 


0.0-552 


One gramme 


I 54-3234 


0.3215 


0.3527 


10. 


1543-2348 


3-2150 


3-5273 


100. 


15432.3487 


32.1507 


35-2739 


1000. 


o.9493 


O.OOIQ 


0.0021 


0.0615 


56.9618 


O.II86 


0.1301 


3.6911 


455.6944 


O.9493 


1.0413 


29.5285 


7291.1107 


15.1188 


16.6616 


472.4563 


58328.8862 


I2I.4OO4 


133.2928 


3779.6505 


0.9114 


O.OOI9 


0.0021 


0.0590 


54-6875 


O.H39 


Vs 


3-5437 


437-5 


O.9II4 


1. 


28.3495 


8750. 


18.2292 


20 (1 iX lbs.) 


566.9906 


70000. 


I45-8336 


160 (10 lbs.) 


4535-9250 


15.4178 


O.O32I 


0.0352 


0.9990 


154-1786 


0.32I2 


0.3524 


9.9906 


1541.7867 


3.2I20 


3-5240 


99.9061 


15417.8671 


32.1205 


35.2408 


999.0618 


154178.6718 


321.2055 


352.4083 


9990.6188 


1541786.7180 


3212.0556 


3524.0839 


99906.1880 


1 541 7867. 1800 


32120.5566 


35240.8392 


999061.8800 



* Also called a Millilitre, a cube whose edge measures one one-hundredth of a metre, 
nd which contains one gramme of distilled water at its greatest density. 

t A litre of distilled water, at its greatest density, weighs a kilogramme. 



FLUID ME-iSUJiK EQUIVALENTS. 



FLUID MEASURE EQUIVALENTS. 



UNITS OF WEIGHT 
AND MEASURE. 



Fluid Measure Equivalents of Distilled Water 
at 15.6 C. (6o° F.; 



. InApothe- 

In American C ary(Am.) 
Minims. \ fluid oz. 
(455-7grs ^ 



In , Im p P e , In Metric 

fl a -i Br0 CubcCen 

r flu 5 OZ ", timet; 



Apothecary Weigh'i 

1 Grain (gr.) 

1 Scruple ([■)) 

1 Drachm (5) 

1 Ounce (5) 

1 Pound (lb.) 

Avoirdupois Weight 

1 Ounce (oz.l 

1 Pound (lb.) 

Metric Weight. 



1 Milligramme (mg.) . 
1 Centigramme (eg.) . 
1 Decigramme (dg.) . 
1 Gramme (gm.) . . . 
1 Decagramme (Dg.) . 
1 Hectogramme (Hg.) 
1 Kilogramme (Kg.) . 



Apothecary (Am.) Fl. M. 

1 Minim (m.) = 

1 Fluid drachm (fl. 5) . = 
1 Fluid ounce (fl. §) . . = 

1 Pint (O) - 

1 Gallon (C) = 

Imperial (Br.) Fluid M. 

1 Minim (m.) = 

1 Fluid drachm (fl. 5) . = 
1 Fluid ounce* (fl. 5) . = 

1 Pint (O) - 

1 Gallon (C) - 



Metric Fluid Meas. 

1 Cubic Centimetre (C 

1 Centilitre (cl.) . 

1 Decilitre (dl.) . . 

1 Litre (1.) .... 

1 Decalitre (Dl.) . 

1 Hectolitre (HI.) 

1 Kilolitre (Kl.) . 



1 -o533 

21.0667 

63.2002 

505.6019 

6067.2238 



460 8360 
7373-376o 



0.0022 
0.0442 

0.1327 

I-Q533 
12.6396 



0.9600 
[5.3600 




o.ooo_ 
0.0033 



One Minim. 1-480; 1 m.) 

60=1 fl.dr ^(ifl.dr.) 

480=1 fl.dr 1 fl.oz.) 

7680. 16. (1 pt.) 

6144.0. 128. 1 gal.) 



0.0023 
0.0457 
0.1371 

1.0971 
i3- I 657 



0.9600 

57.6004 

460.8032 

9216.0640 

73728.1280 



0.0003 
0.0035 
0.0353 
0-353° 
3-53°7 
35-3070 



0.C021 
0.1302 

1-0413 
16.6616 
133.2928 



0.0020 1-480(1 m.) 
0.1200 y s (i fl.dr.) 
0.9600 one fl.oz.) 
19.2001 20 (1 pt.) 
153.6011 160(1 gal.) 



In Cubic 
Inches. 



0.0649 

1.2972 

3.8916 

31.1326 

373-59 21 



16.2554 
162.5547 
1625. 5471 
16255.4716 
162554.7160 338 
1625347. 1 600 I 3386 
56255471.6000 33865 



0.0338 

0.3386 

3-3865 

8651 

65M 

5149 



0-3527 

3-5274 

35-2739 

35^-7393 

3527.3939 



1.0009 

10.0093 

100.093S 

1000.9385 



0.16 
3-69 

290285 

472.4563 

3779.6505 



0.0590 

3-5437 

28.3495 

566.9906 

4535-9250 



One Cubic 

Centimetre 



1000. 
1 0000. 
icoooo. 



496 35273-9399 1000000. 



0.0037 

0.2256 

1.8047 

28.8750 



0.0036 

0.2166 

I-7330 

34.6592 

277.2738 



0.0610 

0.6102 

6.1027 

61.0270 

610.2705 

6102.7052 

61027.0520 



*24 American fluidounces=25 British fluidounces + one grain. 



METRIC EQUIVALENTS. 



METRIC WEIGHT EQUIVALENTS. 



From o.oi gm. (i centigramme) to i gramme. 



Gm. = 


= Grains. 


Gm. = 


^Grains. 


Gm = 


= Grains. 


Gm.= 


= Grains. 


Gm.= 


= Grains. 


0.01 


0.154 


0.21 


3.240 


0.41 


6.327 


0.61 


9.413 


0.81 


12.500 


0.02 


0.308 


0.22 


3.394 


0.42 


6.481 


0.62 


9.567 


0.82 


12.654 


0.03 


0.462 


0.23 


3.549 


0.43 


6.635 


0.63 


9.721 


0.83 


12.808 


0.04 


0.617 


0.24 


3.703 


0.44 


6.789 


0.64 


9.875 


0.84 


12.962 


0.05 


0.771 


0.25 


3.857 


0.45 


6.913 


0.65 


10.030 


0.85 


13.116 


0.06 


0.925 


0.26 


4.011 


0.46 


7.097 


0.66 


10.184 


0.86 


13.270 


0.07 


1.080 


0.27 


4.166 


0.47 


7.251 


0-67 


10.338 


0.87 


13.425 


0.08 


1 234 


0.28 


4.320 


0.48 


7.405 


0.68 


10.492 


0.88 


13.579 


0.09 


1.388 


0.29 


4.474 


0.49 


7.560 


0,69 


10.647 


0.89 


13.733 


0.10 


1.543 


0.30 


4.629 


0.50 


7.716 


0.70 


10.802 


0.90 


13.888 


0.11 


1.697 


0.31 


4.783 


0.51 


7.870 


0.71 


10 956 


0.91 


14.042 


0.12 


1.851 


0.32 


4.937 


0.52 


8.024 


0.72 


11.110 


0.92 


14.196 


0.13 


2.005 


0.33 


5.092 


0.53 


8.179 


0.73 


11.264 


0.93 


14.350 


0.14 


2.159 


0.34 


5.246 


54 


8.333 


0.74 


11.418 


0.94 


14.504 


0.15 


2.314 


0.35 


5.400 


55 


8.487 


0.75 


11.573 


0.95 


14.658 


0.16 


2.468 


0.36 


5.554 


0.56 


8.631 


0.76 


11.726 


0.96 


14.814 


0.17 


2.6.23 


0.37 


5.709 


57 


8.785 


0.77 


11.880 


97 


14.968 


0.18 


2.777 


0.38 


5.863 


0.58 


8.940 


0.78 


12.034 


0.98 


15.124 


0.19 


2.931 


0.39 


6.017 


0.59 


9.093 


0.79 


12.189 


99 


15.278 


20 


3.083 


0.40 


6.173 


0.60 


9.259 


0.80 


12 345 


1.00 


15.432 



From i gramme to iooo grammes (i Kilo.) 



Gm.= 


= Grains. 


Gm. 


= Grains- 


Gm.= 


= Grains. 


Gm 


= Grains. 


| Gm.: 


= Grains. 


1.00 


15.432 


4.00 


61.729 


9.25 


142.74 


95 


1466.0 


575 


83 73. 6 


1.10 


17.075 


4.25 


65.588 


9.50 


146.60 


100 


1543.2 


600 


9.259.4 


1.20 


18.032 


4.50 


69.446 


9.75 


150.46 


125 


1929 


625 


9645.2 


1.25 


19.290 


4.75 


73.304 


10.00 


154.32 


150 


2314.8 


650 


10031.0 


1.30 


40.061 


5.00 


77.162 


15.00 


231 48 


175 


2700 7 


675 


10116.3 


1.40 


21.604 


5 25 


81.020 


20.00 


308.65 


2J0 


3086.5 


700 


10303.6 


1.50 


23.148 


5.50 


84.878 


25.00 


347.25 


225 


3172.5 


725 


1U8J.5 


1.60 


24.691 


5.75 


88.736 


30 00 


462.97 


250 


3858. 1 


75.) 


11574 3 


1.70 


25.512 


6.00 


92.594 


35.00 


540.13 : 


275 


4244.0 


775 


11960.1 


1.75 


27.006 


6.25 


96.452 


40.00 


617.29 j 


300 


4629.7 


800 


12 545.9 


1.80 


27.777 


6.50 


100.310 


45.00 


694.46 ; 


325 


5015 5 


825 


12731.7 


1.90 


29.321 


6.75 


104.168 


50.00 


771.62 ] 


350 


5401.3 


850 


13117 5 


2.00 


30.865 


7.00 


108.026 


55.00 


848.78 i 


375 


5787. 1 


875 


13503.3 


2.25 


34.725 


7.25 


111.885 . 


60.00 


925.94 ! 


400 


617.2 9 


900 


13893.1 


2.50 


38.581 


7.50 


115.743 


65.00 


1003.10 j 


425 


6553.8 


925 


14274.9 


2.75 


42.440 


8.00 


123.459 j 


70.00 


1080.26 j 


450 


6944.6 


950 


14660.7 


3.00 


46.297 


8.25 


127.317 i 


75.00 


1157.43 i 


475 


7330.4 


975 


15046.6 


3.25 


50.155 


8.50 


131.175 


80.00 


1234.59 ! 


500 


7716.2 


1000 


15432.4 


3.50 


54.013 


8.75 


135.033 


85.00 1311.75 S 


525 


8102.0 


1 Kilogramme 


3.75 


57.871 


9.00 


138.891 , 


90.00 


1388.91 i 


550 


8487.8 


= to 1 Litre 



METRIC FLUID MEASURE EQUIVALENTS. 

The gramme is equivalent to the cubic centimetre. 

To convert cubic centimeters into minims, put the Cc. directed, in place of 
the Gm.in the foregoing tables and add 5 per cent, to the grains equivalent, 
the result is in minims. 



See tables on the two preceding pages. 



INDEX. 



A. 




Acid Irydrochloric 


11 


Acidum nitricum 








hvdrochloric di 




dilutum, . . 


. 13 


Abbreviations anc 


1 


luted, . . . 


. 12 


nitro hydrochlori 




signs used, 


8 


hypophosphor 




cum, .... 


. 13 


Absolute alcohol, 


17 


ous diluted, . 


12 


nitrohydrochlor i 




Absorbent cotton, 


84 


lactic, .... 


12 


cum dilutum, . 


. 13 


Abstracta, . . 


9 


muriatic, . . 


11 


oleicum, . . . 


. 13 


Abstracts, . . . 


9 


muriatic diluted 


12 


phosphoricum, 


. 13 


Acacia, mucilage. 


107 


nitric, .... 


12 


phosphoricum di 




syrup, . . . 


149 


nitromuriatic, 


13 


lutum, . . . 


. 14 


Acetanilid, . . . 


9 


nitromuriatic di 




salicylicum, . . 


14 


Acetanilidum, 


9 


luted, ... 


13 


stearicum, . 


. 14 


Aceta 


9 


oleic, .... 


13 


sulphuricum, . 


. 15 


Acetates, . . . 


10 


phosphoric, 


13 


sulphuricum aro 




Acetate of amnion 




phosphoric dilut 




maticum, . . 


15 


ium solution, 


92 


ed, . ■ . . . 


14 


sulphuricum dilu 




ferric, solution, 


93 


prussic, . . . 


12 


turn, .... 


. 15 


iron and amnion 




pyrogallie, . . 


131 


sulphurosum, . 


. 15 


ium solution, 


95 


salicylic, . . . 


14 


tannicum, . . 


16 


of lead, . . . 


126 


stearic, . . . 


14 


tartaricum, . . 


16 


of morphine, . 


107 


sulphuric aro- 




Aconite extract, 


44 


of potassium, . 


127 


matic, . . . 


15 


fluid extract, . 


53 


of sodium, . . 


136 


sulphuric diluted 


15 


tincture, . . . 


163 


of zinc, . . . 


196 


sulphuric, . . 


15 


Adeps, .... 


16 


Acetic acid, . . 


10 


sulphurous, 


15 


benzoinatus, . 


16 


acid, diluted. . 


10 


tannic, . . . 


16 


lanre hydrosus, 


16 


acid, glacial, . 


10 


tannic ointment 


188 


Adhesive plaster, 


41 


ether, .... 


17 


tannic troches, 


184 


^Ether, .... 


16 


Acetum opii, . . 


9 


tannic glycerite, 


82 


aceticus, . . . 


17 


scillae, . . 


10 


tartaric, . . . 


16 


fortior, . . . 


16 


Acida, .... 


10 


Acidum acetieum, 


10 


Aginine, .... 


16 


Acids, .... 


10 


aceticum d i 1 u - 




Alcohol, .... 


17 


Acid acetic, . . 


10 


turn, . . . , 


10 


absolutum, . . 


17 


acetic, diluted, 


10 


aceticum glaciale 


10 


deodoratum, . 


17 


acetic, glacial, 


10 


arsenosum, . . 


10 


deodorized, . . 


17 


arsenous, . . 


10 


benzoicum, . . 


10 


dilutum, . . . 


17 


arsenous, solu- 




boricum, . . . . 


10 


Alcoholic extract o 


f 


tion, .... 


92 


carbolicum, 


11 


belladonnaleaves 


44 


benzoic, . . . 


10 


carbolicum cru- 




Aldelryd, ethylic, 


119 


boric 


10 


dum, .... 


11 


Allspice oil, . . 


116 


carbolic, . . . 


11 


chromicum, 


11 


Almond emulsion, 


42 


carbolic glyceri re 


82 


citricum, . . . 


11 


essence, . . . 


141 


carbolic, oint- 




gallicum, . . 


11 


milk of, . . . 


42 


ment, . . . 


188 


hy drobrom i c u m 




mixture, . . . 


42 


chromic, , . . 


11 


dilutum , . . 


11 


oil, bitter, . . 


111 


citric, .... 


11 


hydrocloricum di- 




oil, expressed, . 


111 


citric, syrup, . 


149 


lutum, . . . 


12 


spirit, .... 


141 


digallic, . . . 


16 


hydrocyanic :*n 




syrup, .... 


151 


gallotannic . . 


16 


dilutum, . . 


12 


water, .... 


22 


gallic, .... 


11 


hypophospho r o - 




Aloe Barbadensis, 


18 


hydriodic, syrup 


150 


sum dilutum, 


12 


purificata, . . 


18 


hvdrobromic di- 




lacticum, . . 


12 


Socotrina, . . 


18 


luted, , , . 


11 


nitricum, . . 


12 


Aloes Barbadoes, 


18 



(201) 



202 



INDEX. 



Aloes extract, . . 


44 


Ammonium acetate 


Aqua aurantii 




and asafetida 




solution, . . . 


92 


florum 


22 


pills, ..... 


122 


benzoate, . . . 


19 


aurantii florum 




and iron pills, . . 


122 


bromide, .... 


19 


fortior, .... 


22 


and mastic pills, . 


122 


carbonate, . . . 


19 


camphorae, ... . 


22 


and myrrh pills, . 


123 


chloride, .... 


19 


chlori, 


23 


and myrrh tine- 




chloride troches, . 


184 


chloroformi , . . 


23 


ture, 


163 


iodide, .... 


20 


cinnamomi, . . . 


23 


pills 


122 


nitrate 


20 


creosoti, .... 


23 


purified, .... 


18 


valerianate, . . 


20 


destillata, . . . 


23 


Socotrine, . . . 


18 


Amyl nitris, . . . 


20 


foeniculi, .... 


23 


Aloinum, .... 


18 


nitrite, . . . 


20 


hvdrogenii diox- 




Aloin, 


18 


Amylum, . . . 


20 


idi 


24 


Alum 


19 


Anhydride, chro- 




menthas piperita?, 


24 


ammonio-ferrL\ . 


76 


mic, .... 


11 


menthas viridis, . 


24 


burnt, 


19 


Animal charcoal. 


30 


Rosas, 


24 


dried 


19 


charcoal purif ed 


30 


Rosas fortior, . . 


24 


Alumen , 


19 


Anise essence, . 


141 


Argenti cyanidum, 


25 


exsiccatum, . . 


19 


oil 


112 


iodidum, .... 


25 


ustum, .... 


19 


spirit, .... 


141 


nitras, 


25 


Alumina hydratcd, 


19- 


water, . . . 


22 


nitras dilutus, . . 


25 


Alumini hydras, 


19 


Anodyne, Hoff 




nitras fusus, . . 


25 


sulphas, .... 


19 


mann's, . . 


139 


oxidum, .... 


25 


Aluminum hydrate, 


19 


Antifebrin, . . 


9 


Arnica flowers 




hydroxide, . . . 


19 


Antidote, arsenic, 


79 


tincture, . . . 


164 


and potassium 




Antimonial pow 




plaster, .... 


38 


sulphate, . . . 


19 


der, .... 


129 


root extract, . . 


44 


sulphate, . . . 


19 


Antimonii et pot 




root fluid extract, 


53 


Althasa syrup, . . 


151 


assii tartras, 


20 


root tincture, . . 


164 


Ammonia liniment. 


90 


oxidum, . . . 


20 


Aromatic elixir, . . 


37 


muriate, .... 


19 


sulphidum, . . 


20 


fluid extract, . . 


54 


spirit, 


140 


sulphidum purifi 




powder, .... 


129 


spirit aromatic, . 


141 


eatum, . . . 


20 


spirit of ammonia 


141 


water, .... 


21 


Antimoninm sul 




sulphuric acid, . . 


15 


water stronger, . 


21 


phuratum, 


21 


syrup of rhubarb, 


157 


Ammoniac emul- 




Antimony and pot 




tinctnre of rheu- 




sion, 


42 


assium tartrate 


: 20 


barb, 


179 


mixture, . . 


42 


oxide, .... 


20 


Arsenate of sodium 


136 


plaster with mer- 




pills, compound, 


123 


of sodium solution 


100 


cury, 


38 


sulphide, . . . 


20 


Arsenic and mer- 




Ammoniated gly- 




sulphide, purif cd 


20 


curic iodide solu- 




cj^rrhizin, . . . 


83 


sulphurated, . 


21 


tion, 


93 


mercury,. . . .. 


87 


tartrated, . . 


20 


antidote 


79 


mercury o i n t - 




trioxide, . . . 


20 


iodide, 


25 


ment, .... 


190 


trisulphide, . . 


20 


trioxide, .... 


10 


tincture of guaiac 


172 


trisulphide, puri 




white, 


10 


tincture of valer- 




tied, .... 


. 20 


Arseni iodidum, . . 


25 


ian, 


182 


wine of, . . . 


193 


Arsenites, .... 


10 


Ammonii benzoas, . 


19 


Apcocynum fl u i c 


I 


Arsenite of potas- 




bromidum, . . . 


19 


extract, . . 


53 


sium solution, . 


99 


carbonas, . . . 


19 


Apomorphine hy 




Arsenous acid, . . 


10 


iodidum 


20 


drochloride, . 


21 


acid solution, . . 


92 


chloridum, . . . 


19 


Apomorphinas hy 




Artificial winter- 




nitras, .... 


20 


drochloras, . 


. 21 


green oil, . . . 


105 


sulphas, .... 


19 


Aqua, .... 


. 21 


Asafetida emulsion 


42 


valerianas, . . . 


20 


Aquas, .... 


. 21 


milk of, .... 


42 


Ammonio-ferric 




Aqua ammoniae, 


. 21 


mixture, .... 


42 


alum, .... 


76 


ammonias fortior 


21 


tincture, .... 


164 


sulphate, . . . 


76 


amygdalae amars 


e 22 


and aloes pills, 


122 


tartrate, . . , , 


76 


anisi, . , , , 


. 22 


Asafetidas pills, . , 


123 



INDEX. 



Asclepias fluid ex 




Bismuthi citras, . . 


26 


c. 




tract 


54 


et ammonii citras 


26 






Aspidium oleoresii 


t 109 


subcarbonas, . . 


27 


Cade oil 


112 


Aspidosperma fluic 


I 


subnitras, . . . 


27 


Caffeina 


27 


extract, . . . 


54 


Bisul p hate of qui- 




eitrata 


27 


Atropina, . . . 


25 


nine, 


132 


citrata efferves- 




Atropinae sulphas, 


26 


Bisulphite of sodi- 




eens, 


28 


Atropine, . . . 


25 


um 


136 


Caffeine 


27 


sulphate, . . . 


26 


Bisulphide of car- 




citrata 


27 


Auri et sodii chlori 




bon 


30 


citrate 


27 


dum, .... 


. 26 


Bitartrate of potas- 




eitrated, efferves- 








sium, 


127 


cent 


28 


B. 




Bitter almond oil, . 


111 


Cajuput oil, . . . 


112 






almond spirit, . . 


141 


Calamus fluid ex- 




Barbadoes aloes, 


. 18 


almond water, 


22 


tract 


oo 


Barbaloin, . . . 


. 18 


orange peel fluid 




Calcii bromidum, . 


28 


Barii dioxidum, . 


26 


extract 


54 


earbonas prascipi- 




Barium dioxide, . 


26 


orange tincture, . 


164 


tatus, .... 


28 


peroxide, . . . 


26 


wine of iron, . . 


194 


chloridum, . . . 


28 


Basic mercuric sui 




Blackberry svri:\ . 


158 


hypophosphis, . . 


28 


phate, . . . 


S6 


Black, bone, . . . 


30 


phosphas praecipi- 




Basilieon ointment 


32 


draught, . . ; . 


89 


tatus 


28 


Basham's mixture 


95 


ivory, 


30 


sulphas exsicealus 


29 


Bay oil, .... 


115 


oxide of mangan- 




Calcium bromide, . 


28 


rum, .... 


144 


ese, 


103 


carbonate, precip- 




Belladonna leaves 


5 


Blaud's pills, . . . 


124 


itated, .... 


28 


extract, . . . 


44 


Blistering collodion, 


34 


chloride, .... 


28 


leaves, tincture, 


165 


Blister, plaster, . . 


31 


hydrate, solution, 


93 


liniment, . . . 


90 


Blue mass 


104 


hypophosphite, . 


28 


ointment, . . 


. 189 


ointment, . . . 


190 


laetophosph ate 




plaster, . . . 


39 


pill 


104 


syrup 


152 


root fluid extrtict 


54 


vitrol 


36 


phosphate, precip- 




Eenne oil, . . . 


117 


Bone-black, . . 


30 


itated 


28 


Beta naphthol, . 


108 


Borate of so Ijum, . 


136 


sulphate, .... 


29 


Benzin 


26 


Borax, 


136 


sulphate, dried, . 


29 


Benzinum, . . . 


26 


Boric acid, .... 


10 


sulphide, crude, . 


29 


Benzoates . . . 


10 


Boroglvceride, solu- 




Calcined magnesia, 


102 


Benzoate of ammo 




tion 


S2 


Calendula tincture, 


166 


mum,. . . . 


19 


Brandv 


145 


Calomel 


84 


of lithium, .' . 


101 


Bravera 


36 


Calumba fluid ex- 




of sodium, . . 


136 


Bromates, .... 


11 


tract 


55 


Benzoic acid, . . 


10 


Bromide of ammon- 




tincture, .... 


166 


Benzoinated lard. 


16 


ium 


19 


Calx, 


29 


Benzoin tincture, 


165 


of calcium, . . . 


28 


ehlorata 


29 


tincture c o m 




of lithium, . . . 


101 


sulphurat.', . . . 


29 


pound, . . . 


165 


of potassium, . . 


128 


Camphor 


30 


Bergamot oil . . 


112 


of sodium, . . . 


136 


cerate 


31 


Bicarbonate of po 




of strontium, . . 


145 


liniment, .... 


91 


tassium, . . 


127 


of zinc, .... 


196 


spirit 


142 


of sodium, . . 


136 


Bromides 


11 


water 


21' 


Bichromate of pot 




Bromine, . . . 


27 


Camphora, .... 


30 


assium . . . 


127 


Bromum 


27 


monobromala. 


30 


Biniodide of mer 




Brown mixture, . . 


106 


Camphorated tinc- 




curv, .... 


85 


Bryonia tincture, . 


166 


ture of opium, . 


177 


Birch oil, volatile. 


112 


Buchu fluid extract, 


55 


Canada pitch, . . 


126 


Bismuth citrate . 


26 


Burnt alum, . . . 


19 


Cane sugar, . . . 


135 


and ammoni un- 


i 


Burgundy pitch, . . 


126 


Cannabis indica ext 


44 


cinate . . . 


26 


pitch plaster, . . 


40 


indica fluid ex- 




Subcarbonate . 


27 


Butter of cacao, . . 


118 


tract 


oo 


Subnitrate, . . 


27 






indian, tincture, . 


167 



2 04 




INDEX. 








Cantharidal c 1 1 




Cera flava, . . . 


. 31 


Chlorinated soda 




dion, .... 


34 


Cerata, .... 


31 


solution, . . . 


100 


pitch plaster, . 


40 


Cerates, .... 


31 


Chlorine water, . . 


23 


Cantharides cerate 


31 


Cerate, .... 


31 


Chloroform, . . . 


33 


tincture, . . , 


167 


camphor, . . 


31 


emulsion, . . . 


42 


Capsicum fluid ex 




cantharides, 


31 


liniment, . . 


91 


tract, . . . 


56 


Goulard's, . . 


32 


mixture, .... 


42 


oleoresin, . . 


109 


of lead sub ace 




spirit, 


142 


plaster, . . . 


39 


tate, .... 


32 


water, 


23 


tincture, . . . 


167 


resin, .... 


32 


Chloroformtim, . . 


33 


Caraway oil, . . 


113 


spermaceti, . . 


32 


purificatum, . . 


33 


Carbo animalis, . 


30 


Ceratum, . . . 


31 


Chromates, . . . 


11 


animalis purifica 




camphorae, . . 


31 


Chromic acid, . . 


11 


tus, .... 


30 


cantharidis, 


31 


anhydride, . . . 


11 


ligni, .... 


30 


cetacei, . . . 


32 


trioxide, .... 


11 


Carbolatcs, . . 


11 


plumbi subacct. 


32 


Chrysarobin oint- 




Carbolic acid, 


11 


resinae, . . . 


32 


ment, .... 


189 


acid glycerite, . 


82 


Cerous oxalate, 


32 


Cimicifuga extract, 


44 


acid ointment, 


188 


Ceritim oxalate, 


32 


fluid extract, . . 


57 


Carbonate of am 




Cerii oxalas, . . 


32 


tincture, .... 


168 


monium, . . 


19 


Cetaceum, . . . 


32 


Cinchona extract, . 


45 


of iron mass, . 


103 


Cetraria, decoctioi 


36 


fluid extract, . . 


57 


of iron, sacchar 




Chalk mixture, . 


105 


infusion, .... 


88 


ated, .... 


75 


powder, com 




tincture, .... 


168 


of lead, . . . 


126 


pound, . . . 


130 


tincture com- 




of lead ointment 


191 


prepared, . . 


36 


pound, .... 


169 


of lithium, . . 


101 


troches, . . . 


185 


Cinchonina, . . . 


33 


of magnesium, 


102 


ChaWbeate pills, 


124 


Cinchoninae sul- 




of potassium, . 


128 


Charcoal, . . . 


30 


phas, 


34 


of sodium, . . 


137 


animal, . . . 


30 


Cinchonidinas s u 1 - 




of sodium, dried 


137 


animal, purified, 


30 


- phas, 


33 


of zinc precepi- 




Chartae, .... 


32 


Cinchonidine s u 1 - 




tated, . . . 


196 


Charta potassiinit 




phate, .... 


33 


Carbon bisulphide 


30 


ratis, . . . 


32 


Cinchonine, . . . 


33 


disulphide, . . 


30 


sinapis, . . . 


32 


sulphate, .... 


34 


Carbonei bisulphi 




Chenopodium oil, 


113 


Cinnamon essence. . 


142 


dum, .... 


30 


Chimaphila fluic 




oil, 


113 


disulphidum, . 


30 


extract, . . . 


55 


spirit, 


142 


Cardamom tinc- 




Chirata tincture, 


168 


tincture, .... 


169 


ture, .... 


167 


fluid extract, . 


56 


water, 


23 


tincture com 




Chloral, .... 


33 


Citrated caffeine, . 


27 


pound, . . . 


167 


hydrate, . . . 


33 


Citrates, .... 


11 


Cassia oil, . . . 


113 


Chlorates, . . . 


11 


Citrate of bismuth, 


26 


Castanea fluid ex 




Chlorate of potas- 




of bismuth and 




tract, 


56 


sium, .... 


128 


ammonium, . . 


26 


Castile soap, 


135 


of sodium, . . 


137 


of caffeine, . . . 


27 


Castor oil, . . . 


116 


Chloride of ammon 




caffeine efferves- 




Catechu, . . . 


30 


ium, .... 


19 


cent, 


28 


black, .... 


30 


of calcium, . . 


28 


of iron, .... 


76 


tincture com 




of iron, . . . 


75 


of iron and am- 




pound, . . . 


168 


of lime, . . . 


29 


monium, . . . 


76 


troches, . . . 


184 


of gold and sodi- 




of iron and qui- 




Cathartic pills 




um, .... 


26 


nine, . . . . • 


77 


compound, 


123 


of mercury cor- 




of iron and qui- 




pills, vegetable, 


124 


rosive, . . . 


84 


nine soluble, . . 


77 


Caustic lunar, . 


25 


of mercury, mild 


84 


of iron and 




mitigated, . . 


25 


of sodium, . . 


137 


strychnine, . . 


78 


potash, . . . 


127 


of zinc, . . . 


196 


of lithium, . . . 


101 


soda, .... 


136 


of zinc solution, 


101 


oi lithium, efferv- 




Cera alba, . . . 


31 


Chlorinated lime, 


29 


escent, .... 


101 







INDEX. 






205 


Citrate of magnes- 




Corrosive subli 




Diluted hypophos 




ium effervescens, 


102 


mate, . . . 


. 84 


phorous acid, 


. 12 


of potassium, . . 


128 


mercuric chloride 


, 84 


muriatic acid, . 


. 12 


of potassium ef- 




Cotton absorbent, 


. 84 


nitric acid, . . 


. 13 


fervescent, . . . 


128 


gun, soluble, . 


. 131 


nitro hydrochlor 




Citrated caffeine, . 


27 


purified, . . . 


. 84 


ic acid, . . . 


. 13 


caffeine e ff e r v e s- 




root bark fluic 


I 


nitro muriatic 


cent, 


28 


extract, . . 


. 61 


acid, .... 


. 13 


Citric acid, .... 


11 


seed oil, . . . 


. 114 


nitrate of silver, 


. 25 


acid syrup, . . . 


149 


Court plaster, . 


. 40 


phosphoric acid, 


. 14 


Citrine ointment, . 


190 


Cream, cold, . . 


. 188 


sulphuric acid, 


. 15 


Clarified hone}-, . . 


101 


of tartar, . . 


. 127 


Dioxide of barium 


, 26 


Cloves, oil, : . . . 


113 


Creosote, . . . 


. 36 


of manganese, 


. 103 


Coca fluid extract, 


57 


water, . . . 


. 23 


Distilled water, . 


. 23 


Cocainae hydro- 




Creosotum, . . 


36 


Disulphide of car 




chloras, .... 


34 


Creta praeparata, 


36 


bon, .... 


. 30 


Cocaine hydro- 




Croton oil, . . 


118 


Donovan's solution 93 


chlorate, . . . 


34 


Cubeb fluid extract 


: 58 


Dover's powder, 


. 130 


Cocao butter, . . 
Codeina, .... 


118 


oil, 


113 


Draught, black, . 


. 89 


34 


oleoresin, . . 


110 


Dried alum, . . 


. 19 


- Codeine, .... 


34 


tincture, . . . 


170 


calcium sulphate 


, 29 


Cod liver oil, . . . 


115 


troches, . . . 


185 


ferrous sulphate 


, 80 


Colchicum root ex- 




Cupric sulphate, 


36 


gypsum, . . . 


. 29 


tract, .... 


45 


Cupri sulphas, . 


36 


sodium carbon 




root fluid extract 


57 


Cusso, . . 


36 


ate, .... 


. 137 


root wine, . . . 


193 


ditch, .... 


30 


Dulcamara fluid ex 




seed, fluid extract 


58 


Cyanide of mercury 


84 


tract, . . . 


. 59 


seed, tincture, . . 


170 


of potassium, . 


128 






seed wine, . . '. 


194 


of silver, . . . 


25 


E. 




Cold cream, . . . 


188 


Cypripedium fluic 








Collodion, .... 


34 


extract, . . . 


59 


Effervescent cit 




blistering, . . . 


34 






rated caffeine, 


. 28 


cantharidal, . . 


34 


D. 




lithium citrate, 


. 101 


flexible, .... 


35 






potassium citrate 128 


styptic, .... 


35 ' Decocta, . . . 


36 


Effervescing mag 




Collodium, . . . 


34 Decoctions, . . 


36 


nesium citrate, 


102 


cantharidatum, . 


34 


of cetraria, . . 


36 


powder com 




flexile, 


35 


of sarsaparilla 




pound, . . . 


130 


stypticum, . . . 


35 


compound, 


37 


Egg, yolk of, glycer 




Colloxylin, . . . 


131 


Decoctum cetrariae 


36 


ite, ...."■ 


83 


Colocynth extract, 


45 


sarsaparillas com- 




Elastica, . . . 


37 


extract, com- 




positum, . . . 


37 


Elaterin, . . . 


37 


pound, .... 


45 Deodorized alcohol 


17 


trituration, 


183 


Cologne spirit, . . 
Colophony, . . . 


17 


opium, . . . 


119 


Elaterinum, . . 


37 


133 


opium tincture, 


177 


Elixira, .... 


37 


Confection of rose, 


35 


Diachylon oint- 




Elixirs, .... 


37 


of senna, . . . 


35 


ment, . . . . 


189 


Elixir aromaticum 


37 


[ Confectio rosas, . . 


35 


plaster, . . . . 


40 


aromatic, . . 


37 


sennae, .... 


35 


Dichromate of pot- 




aurantii, . . . 


37 


Conium extract, 


46 


assium, . . . . 


127 


proprietatus, . 


163 


fluid extract, . . 


58 Digallic acid, . . . 


16 


phosphori, . . 


38 


Convallaria fluid 


Digitalis extract, . 


46, 


phosphorus, 


38 


extract, . . . 


58 ! fluid extract, . . 


59 


of vitriol, . . 


15 


Copaiba, mass, . . 


103 


infusion, . . . . 


89 


Elm mucilage, 


108 


oil, 


113 


tincture, . . . . 


170, 


Emetic, tartar, . 


20 


resin, 


133 


Diluted acetic acid, 


10 


Emplastra, . . 


38 


Copper sulphate, . 


36 


alcohol, . . . . 


17 


Emplastrum a m - 




| Cordiander oil, . . 
1; Corrosive chloride 


113 


hydrobromic acid 


11 


moniacum hy- 






hydrochloric acid 


12 


drargyro, . . 


38 


of mercury, . . 


84 


hydrocyanic acid 


12 


arnicae, . . . 


38 



2o6 




INDEX, 








Emp. belladonna, 


39 


Extract of aloes, . 


44 


Extractum ascle- 




capsci, .... 


39 


oi arnica root, . 


44 


piadis fluidum, 


54 


ferri, 


39 


of aromatic, fluid, 


54 


aspidosperm a t i t: 




hydrargyri . . 


39 


of belladonna 




fluidum, . . 


54 


ichthyocolla:, . 


40 


leaves, .... 


44 


aurantii a m a r 


L 


opii .... 


40 


of cimicifuga, . . 


44 


fluidum, . . 


54 


picis canthafida- 




of cinchona, . . 


45 


belladonna; folio 




ttim .... 


40 


of colchicum root 


45 


rum alcoholicun 


44 


picis burgundicas 


40 


ofcolocynth, . . 


45 


belladonna; radi 




plumbi . . . 


40 


of colocynth com- 




cis fluidum, . 


54 


resinas . . . 


41 


pound, .... 


45 


brayeria fluidum 


58 


saponis, . . . 


41 


ofconium, . . . 


46 


buchu fluidum, 


55 


Emulsa, .... 


41 


of digitalis, . . . 


46 


calami fluidum, 


55 


Emulsions, . . 


41 


of ergot, .... 


46 


calumbas fluidum 


55 


Emulsion ofamiom 


42 


of euonymus, . . 


46 


cannabis indicas, 


44 


of ammoniac, . 


42 


of gentian, . . . 


47 


cannabis i n d i c a 




of asafetida, . 


42 


of glycyrrhiza, 


47 


fluidum, . . 


55 


of chloroform, 


42 


of glycyrrhiza, 




capsici fluidum, 


56 


Emulsum ammon 




pure, 


47 


castaneas fluidum 


56 


iaci, .... 


42 


Goulard's, . . . 


98 


chimaphilae fluid 




amygdalae, . . 


42 


of haematoxylon, 


47 


ran, .... 


56 


asafoetidas, . . 


42 


of hyoscyamus, . 


47 


chiratae fluidum, 


56 


chloroform i, 


42 


Indian cannabis, 


44 


cimicifugae, . . 


44 


Epsom salt, . . 


103 


of iris 


48 


cimicifugas fluid 




Ergot extract, . 


46 


ofjalap, .... 


48 


um, .... 


57 


fluid extr^.t, . 


59 


ofjuglans, . . . 


48 


cinchonas, . . 


45 


wine of, . . . 


194 


of Jamaica ginger 


183 


cinchonas fluidun 


i 57 


Erigeron oil, . . 


113 


of krameria, . . 


48 


cocas fluidum, . 


57 


Eri o d i c t y o n fluid 




ofleptandra, . . 


48 


colchici radicis, 


45 


extract . . . 


60 


of liquorice, . . 


47 


colchici radicis 




Eserine salicylate, 


121 


of logwood, . . 


47 


fluidum, . . 


57 


Eserene sulphate, 


121 


of malt, .... 


48 


colchici seminis 




Essence of anise,. 


141 


of mezereum , . . 


49 


fluidum, . . 


58 


of bitter almond 


141 


of nux vomica, . 


49 


colocynthidis, . 


45 


of cinnamon, . 


142 


of opium, . . . 


50 


colocynthidis 




of Jamaica ginger 


183 


of physostigm i, . 


50 


compositum, 


45 


of lemon, . . 


143 


of podophyllum, . 


50 


conii, .... 


46 


of nutmeg, . . 


144 


of quassia, . . . 


51 


conii fluidum, . 


58 


of peppermint, 


144 


of rhubarb, . . . 


51 


convallarias fluid 




of spearmint, . 


144 


of stramonium 




um, .... 


58 


of wintergrecn, 


143 


seed, 


51 


cubebas fluidum, 


58 


Ether 


16 


of taraxacum, 


51 


cusso fluidum, 


58 


acetic, .... 


17 


of uva ursi, . . 


52 


cypripedii fluid 




nitrous spirit, . 
petroleum, . . 


. 139 

26 


of vanilla, . . . 
Extracts, .... 


182 
43 


um, .... 


59 


digitalis, . . . 


46 


spirit, .... 


. 139 


general formula, . 


43 


digitalis fli:iduui 


59 


spirit compound 


, 139 


fluid, 


52 


dulcamaras fluid 




Etherial oil, . . 


. Ill 


fluid, general 




um, .... 


59 


Eucalyptol, . . 


. 43 


formula, . . . 


52 


ergotas, . . . 


46 


Eucalyptus fluid ex 




from fluid extract 


44 


ergotas fluidum, 


59 


tract, . . . 


. 60 


and fluid extracts 


74 


eriodictyi fluid., 


60 


Eucalyptus oil, . 


. 113 


Extractum aconiti, 


44 


eucalypti fluidum 


60 


Euonymus extract 


, 46 


aconiti fluidum, . 


53 


euonymi, . . 


46 


Eupatorium fiuic 


I 


aloes, 


44 


eupatorii fluidum 


60 


extract, . . 


. 60 


apocyni fluidum, . 


53 


frangulas fluidum 


60 


Expressed a 1 m on c 


1 


arnicse radicis, 


44 


gelsemii fluidum 


60 


oil, .... 


. Ill 


arnicas radicis 




- gentianas, . . 


47 


Extract a, . . . 


. 43 


fluidum, . . . 


53 


gentianas fluidum 


61 


fiuida, .... 


52 


aromaticum fluid- 




geranii fluidum, 


61 


Extract of aconite 


, 44 


um, 


54 


glycyrrhizas, . 


47 



INDEX. 



207 



Extractum gh r C3 r rr- 




Extractum rumicis 




Ferric pyrophos- 




hizae purum, . . 


47 


fluidum, . . . 


69 


phate soluble, . 


L0 


glycyrrhizae fluid- 




sabinae fluidum, . 


69 


subsulphate solu- 




um, 


61 


sanguinariae fluid- 




tion 


96 


gossipii r a d i c i s 




um 


69 


tersulphate solu- 




fluidum, . . . 


61 


sarsaparillae fluid- 




tion, 


96 


grindeliae fluidum 


62 


um, 


69 


valerianate, . . 


81 


guaranae fluidum, 


62 


sarsaparillae fluid- 




Ferri carbonas sac- 




haematoxyli, . . 


47 


um compositum, 


70 


charatus, . . . 


75 


hamamelidis fluid 




scillae fluidum, . . 


70 


chloridum, . . . 


75 


urn, 


62 


scoparii fluidum, 


70 


citras, 


76 


hydrastis fluidum 


62 


Scutellariae fluid- 




et ammonii citras 


76 


In-oscyami, . . . 


47 


um 


70 


et ammonii sul- 




hyoscyami fluid- 




senegae fluidum, . 


71 


phas, 


76 


um, 


63 


sennae fluidum, 


71 


et ammonii tar- 




ipecacuanha? fluid- 




serpentariae fluid- 




tras, 


76 


um, 


63 


um, 


71 


et potasiitartras, 


77 


iridis, 


48 


spigeliae fluidum, 


71 


et quininae citras, 


77 


iridis fluidum, . . 


63 


stillingiae fluidum 


71 


et quininae citras 




jalapae 


48 


stramonii seminis 


51 


solubilis, . . . 


77 


juglandis, . . . 


48 


stramonii seminis 




et strychnin ae cit- 




krameriae, . . . 


48 


fluidum, . . . 


72 


ras 


78 


krameriae fluid- 




taraxaci, .... 


51 


hypophosphis, 


78 


um, 


64 


taraxaci fluidum, 


72 


iodidum sacchara- 




lappae fluidum, . 


64 


tritici fluidum, . 


72 


tum, 


78 


leptandrae, . . . 


48 


uvae ursi, . . . 


52 


lactas, .... 


79 


leptendrae fluid- 




uvae ursi fluidum, 


72 


oxalas, .... 


79 


um, 


64 


Valerianae fluid- 




oxidum l^dra- 




lobelias fluidum, . 


64 


um, 


73 


tum, 


79 


lupulini fluidum, . 


64 


veratri viridis 




oxidum hydra- 




malti, 


48 


fluidum, . . , 


73 


turn cum mag- 




matico fluidum, . 


65 


viburni opuli fluid- 




nesia, .... 


79 


menispermi fluid- 




um 


73 


phosphas solubi- 




um 


65 


viburni prunifolii 




lis, 


80 


mezerei, .... 


49 


fluidum, . . . 


73 


pyrophosphas 




mezerei fluidum, . 


65 


xanthoxyli fluid- 




solubilis, . . . 


80 


nucis vomicae, . . 


49 


um, 


74 


sulphas, .... 


80 


nucis vomicae 




zingiberis fluidum 


74 


sulphas e x s i c c a- 




fluidum, . . . 


65 






tus 


80 


opii, 


50 


F. 




sulphas granula- 




pareirae fluidum, . 


66 






tus, 


81 


physostigmatis, . 


50 


Fel bovis purifica- 




sulphas praeciy.ita- 




Phytolacca? radic- 




tum, 


74 


tus, 


81 


is fluidum, . . 


66 


Ferric acetate solu- 




valerianas, . . . 


81 


pilocarpi fluidum, 


66 


tion 


93 


Fennel oil, . . . . 


113 


podoplylli, . . . 


50 


ammonium s u 1 - 




water, .... 


23 


podophylli fluid- 




phate, .... 


76 


Ferroeyanide of 




um, 


67 


chloride, .... 


75 


potassium, . . 


129 


pruni virginianae 




chloride solution, 


94 


Ferrous carbonate 




fluidum, . . . 


67 


chloride tincture, 


171 


mass, .... 


103 


quassias, .... 


51 


citrate, .... 


76 


iodide pills, . . . 


124 


quassia* fluidum, . 


67 


citrate solution, . 


94 


iodide syrup, . . 


153 


rhamni prushia- 




citrate, wine of . 


195 


lactate, .... 


79 


nae fluidum, . . 


67 


hydrate, .... 


79 


sulphate, . . . 


80 


rhei, 


51 


hydrate with mag 




sulphate, dried, . 


80 


rhei fluidum, . . 


68 


nesia, .... 


79 


sulphate, granu- 




rhios glabrae fluid- 




hypophosphite, . 


78 


lated, .... 


81 


um, 


68 


nitrate solution, . 


95 


Ferruginous pills, . 


124 




68 


phosphate, solu- 




Ferrum, . . . . . 


81 


rubi fluidum, . , 


68 


ble, 


80 


Ferrum reductum , . 


81 



2o8 




INDEX. 








Flaxseed oil, . . 


114 


Fluid extract ol 




Gentian tincture 




Flebane oil, . . 


113 


mezereum,. . 


65 


compound, . . 


172 


Flexible collodion, 


35 


nux vomica, 


65 


Geranium fluid ex- 




Fluid extracts, . 


52 


pareira, . . . 


66 


tract, .... 


61 


general formula, 


52 


Phytolacca root 


66 


Ginger extract J am- 




aconite, . . . 


53 


pilocarpus, . . 


66 


aica, 


183 


apocynum, . . 


53 


podophyllum, . 


67 


fluid extract, . . 


74 


arnica root, 


53 


quassia, . . . 


67 


oleoresin, . . . 


110 


aromatic, . . 


54 


rhamnus pru h 




syrup, .... 


161 


asclepias, . . 


54 


iana, . . . 


67 


tincture, .... 


183 


aspidosperma, 


54 


rhubarb . . . 


68 


troches, .... 


187 


belladonna root, 


54 


rhus glabra, . 


68 


Glacial acetic acid, . 


10 


bitter orange pee 


I 54 


rose, .... 


68 


Glass, -water, . . . 


101 


buchu, . . . 


55 


rubus, .... 


68 


Glauber's salt, . . 


138 


calamus, . . . 


55 


rumex, . . . 


69 


Glonoin spirit, . . 


143 


calumba, . . . 


55 


sabina, . . . 


69 


Glycerin, .... 


81 


capsicum, . . 


56 


sanguinaria, . 


69 


suppositories, . . 


148 


castanea, . . 


56 


sarsaparilla, . 


69 


Glycerita, .... 


82 


chimaphila , 


56 


sarsaparilla com 




Glycerites, .... 


82 


chirata, . . . 


56 


pound, . . . 


70 


Glycerinum, . . . 


81 


cimicifuga, . . 


57 


savine, . . . 


69 


Glyceritum acidi 




cinchona, . . 


57 


scoparius, . . 


70 


carbolici, . . . 


82 


coca, .... 


57 


Scutellaria, . . 


70 


acidi tannici, . . 


82 


colchicum root, 


57 


senega, . . . 


71 


amyli, .... 


82 


colchicum seed, 


58 


senna, .... 


71 


boroglycerini, . . 


82 


conium, . . . 


58 


serpentaria, . 


71 


hydrastis, . . . 


83 


convallaria, 


58 


spigelia, . . . 


71 


vitelli, .... 


83 


cotton root bark 


61 


squill, .... 


70 


Glycerite borogly - 




cubeb, .... 


58 


stillingia, . . 


71 


cerin, of . . . 


82 


cusso, .... 


58 


stramonium seel 


72 


carbolic acid, . . 


82 


cypripedium, . 


59 


taraxacum, 


72 


' glyceril borate, . 


82 


digitalis, . . 


59 


triticum, . . . 


72 


hydrastis, . . . 


83 


dulcamara, . . 


59 


uva ursi, . . . 


72 


starch, .... 


82 


ergot, .... 


59 


valerian, . . . 


73 


tannic acid, . . . 


82 


erythroxylon, . 


57 


veratrum viride, 


73 


yolk of egg, . . 


83 


eucalyptus, . . 


60 


viburnum opulus 


73 


Glycyrrhiza extract 


47 


eupatorium, 


60 


vibrunum pruni 




extract pure, . . 


47 


frangula, . . 


60 


folium, . . . 


73 


fluid extract, . . 


61 


gelsemium, . . 


60 


wild cherr}-, 


67 


powder com- 




gentian, . . . 


61 


xanthoxylum, . 


74 


pound, .... 


130 


geranium, . . 


61 


Fluid hydrastis, . 


83 


and opium troch., 


185 


ginger, ... 


74 


Fowler's solution, 


99 


ammoniated, . . 


83 


glycyrrhiza, 


61 


Frangula fluid ex 




Glycyrrhizinum 




grindelia,. . . 


62 


■ tract, . . . 


60 


ammoniatum, . 


83 


guarana, . . 


62 


Fresh herbs tinct 




Gold and sodium 




hamamelis, . . 


62 


ure, .... 


171 


chloride, . . . 


26 


Hydrastis, . . 


62 


Fused silver nitrate 


25 


Gossypium purifi- 




hyoscyamus, . 


63 






catum, .... 


84 


Indian cannabis 


55 


G. 




Goulard's cerate, . 


32 


ipecac. . . . 


63 






extract, .... 


98 


iris, 


63 


Gallic acid, . . 


11 


Granulated ferrous 




kousso, . . . 


58 


Gallotannic acid, 


16 


sulphate, . . . 


81 


krameria, . . 


64 


Garlic syrup, . . 


150 


Green iodide of mer- 




lappa, .... 


64 


Gaultheria oil, . 


114 


cury, .... 


84 


leptandra, . . 


64 


spirit, .... 


143 


Green soap, . . . 


135 


liquorice, . . 


61 


Gelsemium fluid ex 




Griffith's mixture, . 


106 


lobelia, . . . 


64 


tract, . . . 


60 


Grindelia fluid ex- 




lupulin, ... 


64 


tincture, . . . 


171 


tract, .... 


62 


matico, . . . 


65 


Gentian extract, 


47 


Guaiaci resina, . . 


84 


menispermum,, 


65 


fluid extract, . 


61 


Guaiac resin, . , . 


84 







INDEX. 






209 


Guaiac tincture, . 


172 


Hydrobromic acid 




Infusum sennas com- 




tincture amm cili- 




diluted, .... 


11 


positum, . . . 


89 


ated, .... 


172 


Hydrochlorate of 




Iodide of a m m o - 




Guarana, . . . 


84 


hydrastine, . . 


87 


nium, 


20 


fluid extract, . 


62 


apomorphine, . . 


21 


arsenic, .... 


25 


Gun cotton, soluble 


131 


cocaine, .... 


34 


iron pills,. . . . 


124 


Gum, hemlock, . 


126 


morphine, . . . 


107 


iron, saccharatcd 


78 


Gypsum, dried, . 


29 


pilocarpine, . . . 


121 


iron syrup, . . . 


153 






quinine, . . , . 


132 


lead, . , . . . 


127 


H. 




Hydrochloric acid, . 


11 


lead ointment,. . 


192 






diluted, .... 


12 


mercury, . . . 


84 


Haematoxylon e x ■ 




Hydrocyanic acid 




mercury, red, . . 


85 


tract, . . . 


47 


diluted, .... 


12 


mercury, yello vv , 


84 


Hamamelis fluid ex- 




Hydrogen di o x i d e 




potassium, . . . 


129 


tract, . . . 


62 


solution, . . . 


24 


silver, 


25 


Hard petrolatum, 


1?,0 


peroxide solution 


24 


sodium, .... 


137 


ointment, . . 


120 


Hydrous wool-fat, . 


16 


strontium, . . . 


145 


Heavy magnesia, 


102 


Hyoscinae hydro- 




sulphur, .... 


146 


Hedeoma oil, . . 


114 


bromas,. . . . 


88 


zinc, 


196 


Hemlock gum, . 


126 


Hyoscyaminas hy- 




Iodine, 


90 


Hoffmann's ano 




drobromas, . . 


88 


ointment, . . . 


191 


dyne, . . . 


139 


hydrobromate, . 


88 


solution com- 




Honey, clarified, 


104 


sulphas, .... 


88 


pound 


97 


Honey of rose, . 


104 


Hyoscyamine sul- 




tincture, .... 


173 


Hops, tincture, . 


172 


phate, .... 


88 


Iodoform 


90 


Huxham's tincttire 


169 


H\ r oscine hydrobro- 




ointment, . . . 


191 


Hydrargyri chlori 




mate, 


88 


Iodoformum, . . . 


90 


dum mite, . . 


84 


H\^drastis tincture, 


173 


Iodum, 


90 


chloridum corro 




Hyoscyamus tinct- 




Ipecac, fluid ex- 




sivum, . . . 


84 


ure, 


173 


tract, .... 


65 


cyanidum, . . 


84 


extract, .... 


47 


and opium pow- 




iodidum flavum, 


84 


fluid extract, . . 


63 


der, 


130 


iodidum rubrum 


85 


Hypophosphites, . 


12 


and opium tinct- 




iodidum viride, 


84 


Hypophosphite of 




ure, 


173 


oxidum flavum, 


85 


calcium,. . . . 


28 


syrup, 


155 


sulphidum rub- 




iron, 


78 


troches, .... 


186 


rum, .... 


86 


potassium, . . . 


129 


wine of, ... . 


195 


subsulphas flavus 


86 


sodium, .... 


137 


Iris extract, . . . 


48 


Hydragyrum, 


86 


syrup, 


154 


fluid extract, . . 


63 


ammoniatum, 


87 


syrup with iron, . 


155 


Iron, 


81 


cum creta, . . 


87 


Hyposulphite of so- 




Iron acetate solu- 




Hydrastis fluid, . 


83 


dium 


137 


tion, 


93 


fluid extract, . 


62 






and ammonium 




glycerite, . . 


83 


I. 




acetate solution , 


95 


tincture, . . . 


173 




and ammonium 




Hydrastinae hydro 








citrate, . . . 


76 


chloras, . . 


87 


India rubber, . . . 


37 


and ammonium 




Hydrastine hydro 




Indian cannabis 




sulphate, . . . 


76 


chlorate, . . 


87 


fluid extract, . . 


55 


and ammonium 




Hydrated alumina 


19 


tincture, .... 


167 


tartrate, . . . 


76 


oxide of iron, . 


79 


Infusa, 


88 


and potassium 




Hydrate of chloral 


33 


Infusions 


88 


tartrate, . . . 


77 


potassium, . . 


127 


general formula, . 


88 


and quinine cit- 




terpin, . . . 


162 


cinchona,. . . . 


88 


rate, 


77 


Hydriodic acid 




digitalis, .... 


89 


and quinine cit- 




syrup, . . . 


150 


sennas compound, 


89 


rate soluble, . . 


77 


Hydrobromate o 


f 


wild cherry, . . 


89 


and strychnine 




hyoscine, . . 


88 


Infusum cinchonae,. 


88 


citrate, .... 


78 


hyoscyamine, . 


88 


digitalis, .... 


89 


bitter wine of, 


194 


quinine, . , . 


. 132 


pruni virginianas, 


89 


carbonate pills, . 


124 



2TO 




INDEX. 








Iron chloride, . . 


75 


Krameria fluid ex- 




Lime sulphurated, 


29 


chloride tincture 


171 


tract, . . . 


64 


syrup, .... 


153 


chloride solution 


94 


syrup, . . . 


156 


water, .... 


93 


citrate, . . . 


76 


tincture, . . . 


174 


Limonis succus, . 


90 


citrate solution, 


94 


troches, . . . 


186 


Linimenta, . . . 


90 


citrate wine of, 


195 






Liniments, . . . 


90 


hydrated oxide, 


79 


L. 




Liniment ammonia 


90 


hydrate witr 








belladonna, . . 


90 


magnesia, . . 


79 


Labarraque solu 




chloroform, . . 


91 


iodide saccharat 




tion, .... 


100 


lime, .... 


91 


ed, .... 


78 


Lac saccharum, . 


135 


mustard com 




lactate, . . . 


79 


Lac sulphur, . . 


147 


pound, . 


91 


mixture com 




Lactate of iron, . 


79 


soap, .... 


91 


pound, . . . 


106 


Lactate ofstron 




soft soap, . . 


91 


nitrate solution, 


95 


tium, .... 


145 


turpentine, . . 


92 


oxalate, . . . 


79 


Lactates, . . . 


12 


volatile, . . . 


90 


phosphate solu 




Lactic acid, . . 


. 12 


Linimentum am 




ble, .... 


80 


Lactucarium , . . 


. 90 


monise, . . . 


90 


plaster, . . . 


39 


syrup, . . . 


156 


belladonnas,. . 


90 


pyrop h o s p h a 1 1 




tincture, . . . 


174 i 


calcis, .... 


91 


soluble, . . . 


80 


Lactophosphate o 


f 


chloroformi, 


91 


reduced, , . - 


81 


calcium syrup, 


152 


saponis, . . . 


. 91 


saccharated car 




Lanolin, .... 


16 


saponis mollis, 


. 91 


bonate, . . . 


75 


Lappa fluid extrad 


: 64 


sinapis composi- 




subsulphate solu 




Lard, 


16 


tum, .... 


91 


tion, .... 


96 


oil, ..... 


111 


terebinthinae, . 


92 


sulphate, ... . 


80 


Laudanum, . . 


176 


Liquid petrolatum 


120 


sulphate, dried, 


80 


Lavender spirit, . 


143 


Linseed oil, . . 


114 


sulphate, granu 




spirit compound 


175 


Liquors, . . . 


92 


lated,. . . . 


81 


flowers oil, . . 


114 


ammonii acetatis 


92 


sulphate, precipi 




tincture com 




arseni et hydrarg 




tated, . . . 


81 


pound, . . . 


175 


yri iodidi, . . 


93 


tersulphate solu 




Lead acetate, . . 


126 


acidi arsenosi, 


92 


tion, .... 


96 


carbonate, . . 


126 


calcis, .... 


93 


troches, . . . 


185 


carbonate oint 




ferri acetatis, . 


93 


valerianate,. . 


81 


ment, . . . 


191 


ferri citratis, . 


94 


Isinglass plaster, 


40 


iodide, . . . 


127 


ferri chloridi, . 


94 


Ivory-black, . . 


30 


iodide ointment, 


192 


ferri et ammoni 


. 






nitrate, . . . 


127 


citras, . . . 


95 


J. 




oxide, .... 


127 


ferri nitratis, . 


95 






plaster, . . . 


40 


ferri subsulphatis 


96 


Jalap extract,. . 


48 


sub acetate cerate 


: 32 


ferri tersulphatis 


96 


resin, . . . . 


133 


subacetate solu 




hvdrargyri nitra 




powder com- 




tion, .... 


98 


tis, .... 


97 


pound, . . . 


131 


sub acetate solu- 




iodi compositus, 


97 


James' powder, . 


129 


tion, diluted, . 


98 


magnesii citratis 


97 


Juglans extract, . 


48 


sugar of . . . 


126 


plumbi subaceta 




Juice, lemon, . . 


90 


water, .... 


98 


tis 


98 


Juniper oil, . . 


114 


white, .... 


126 


plumbi subaceta- 




spirit, .... 


143 


Lemon essence, . 


143 


tis dilutus,. . 


98 


spirit compound 


143 


extract, . . . 


143 


potassse, . . . 


98 






spirit, . . . 


143 


potassii arsenitis 


99 


K. 




juice, .... 


90 


potassii citratis, 


99 






oil, 


114 


sodas, .... 


99 


Kermes mineral, 


21 


Leptandra extract 


48 


sodae chloratae, 


100 


Kino, 


90 


fluid extract, . 


64 


sodii arsenatis, 


100 


tincture, . . . 


174 


Lime, 


29 


sodii silicatis, . 


101 


Kousso, .... 


36 


chlorinated,. . 


29 


zirici chloridi, . . 


101 


fluid extract, . 


58 


liniment, . . . 


91 


glass, .... 


101 


Krameria exti act, 


48 


solution, . . . 


93 


Liquorice extract, 


47 



Liquorice mixture 




Mass of copaiba, . 


103 


Mindererus, spirit 


92 


compcmnu. 


106 


ferrous carbonate 


103 


Misturas, . . . 


• 105 


powder com- 




mercurv, .... 


103 


Mistura ammonia 




pound, . . . 


130 


Yallet's 


103 


ci, 


42 


Litharge, . . . 


127 


Matico fluid ex- 




amygdala?, . . 


42 


Lithii benzoas, . 


101 


tract 


65 


asafeetidae, . . 


42 


bromidum, . . 


101 


tincture 


175 


chlorcrformi, . 


42 


carbonas, . . 


101 


Mel despumatum, . 


104 


cretas, .... 


105 


citras, . . . 


101 


rosae 


104 


ferri composita, 


106 


citras effervescer.. 


101 


Menispermum fluid 




ferri et ammoni 




salicylas, . . . 


102 


extract, .... 


65 


acetatis, . . 


95 


Lithium benzoate, 


101 


Menthol, ..... 


105 


glyeyrrhizas com 




bromide, ... 


• 101 


Mercurial ointment 


190 


posita, . . . 


106 


carbonate, . . 


101 


plaster, .... 


39 


potassii citratis, 


99 


citrate, . . . 


101 


Mercuric ammo- 




rhei et sodas, . 


106 


citrate efferves 




nium chloride, . 


87 


Mitigated caustic, 


25 


cent 


101 


corrosive chloride 


84 


Mixtures, . . . 


105 


salicylate, . . 


102 


cyanide, .... 


84 


Mixture, Basham's 


95 


Liver of sulphur, 




iodide, red, . . . 


85 


brown, . . . 


106 


Lobelia fluid ex 




nitrate ointment, 


190 


chalk 


105 


tract, . . . 




nitrate solution, . 


97 


chlorolorm, 


42 


tincture, . . . 


175 


oxide ointment, . 


191 


glycyrrhiza com 




Logwood extract, 


47 


oxide, red, . . . 


86 


pound, . . . 


106 


Lugol's solution, 


97 


oxide, yellow, . . 


85 


Griffith's, . . 


106 


Lunar caustic, . 


25 


oxide yellow oint- 




iron compound. 


106 


Lupulin, fluid ex- 




ment, .... 


191 


potassium citrate 99 


tract, . . . 


64 


subsulphate, yel- 




rhubarb anc 




oleo resin, . . 


110 


low 


86 


soda, . . . 


106 






sulphate basic, 


86 


M onobromatec 




M. 




Mercurous chloride 




camphor, . . 


30 






mild 


84 


Monsel's solution. 


96 


Magnesia, . . . 


102 


iodide yellow, . . 


84 


Morphina, . . . 


107 


calcined, . . . 


102 


Mercury 


86 


Morphinae acetas. 


107 


heavy, .... 


102 


ammoniated, . . 


87 


li3'drochloras, . 


107 


light; .... 


102 


ammoniated oint- 




sulphas, . . . 


107 


milk of, . . . 


102 


ment, .... 


190 


Morphine, . . . 


107 


ponderosa, . . 


102 


biniodide, . . . 


85 


acetate, . . . 


107 


Magnesii citras ef- 




chloride corrosive 


84 


hydrochloratc. 


107 


fervescent, . . 


102 


chloride, mild, . . 


84 


and ipecac t roc lies 


186 


carbonas, . . 


102 


cyanide 


84 


powder c o m - 




sulphas, . . . 


103 


iodide, red, . . . 


85 


pound, . -. . 


131 


sulphis, . . . 


103 


iodide, green, . . 


84 


sulphate, . . . 


107 


Magnesium carbon- 




mass 


103 


Moulded silver ni- 




ate 


102 


oleate 


108 


trate 


25 


citrate solution, 


97 


protoiodide, . . 


84 


Mucilages, . . . 


107 


sulphate, . . . 


103 


sulphate, red . . 


86 


Mucilage of acacia 


107 


sulphite 


103 


with chalk, . . . 


87 


elm, . . ... 


108 


Male fern oleoresin 


109 


Metadioxybenzol, . 


134 


sassafras pith, 


107 


Malt extract, . . . 


48 


Methyl salvias, . 


105 


tragacanth, . . 


107 


Maltum 


103 


salicylate, . . . 


105 


Mucilagines, . . . 


107 


Manganese dioxide 


103 


Mezereum extract, 


49 


Mucilago acacia?. 


. 107 


sulphate, . . . . 


103 


fluid extract, . . 


65 


sassafras med- 




Mangani dioxidum 


103 


Mild chloride of 




ullas, 


107 


oxidum nigrum, . 


103 


mercury, . . . 


84 


tragacanthas, . . 


107 


stfiphas, . . . . 


103 


mercurous chlor- 




ulmi 


108 


Manganous sul- 




ide 


84 


Muriatic acid, . . 


11 


phate 


103 


Milk of almond, 


42 


acid diluted, . . 


12 


Massa copaibas, . . 


103 


asafetida, . . . 


42 


Muriates, ... . 


11 


ferri carbonatis, . 


103 


magnesia, . . . 


102 


Muriate of a m - 




hydrargyri, . . 


103 

i 


sugar, 


135 


monia, .... 


19 



212 



INDEX. 



Musk tincture, . 


. 176 


Oilbetula, . . . . 


112 


Oil of wintergreen. 




Mustard li n i m e n t 


birch, volatile, 


112 


artificial, . . . 


105 


compound, . 


. 91 


bitter almonds, . 


111 


Ointments, . . . 


188 


oil volatile, . . 


. 117 


cade, 


112 


Ointment, . . . . 


188 


paper, .... 


. 32 


cajuput, . . . . 


112 


ammoniated mer- 




Myrcia spirit, . 


. 144 


caraway, . . . 


113 


cury, 


190 


oil 


. 115 


cassia, . . . . 


113 


basilicon, . . . 


32 


Myrrh tincture, . 


. 176 


castor, . . . . 


116 


belladonna, . . . 


189 






chenopodium, . . 


113 


blue, 


190 


N. 




cinnamon, . . . 


113 


carbolic acid, . . 


188 






cloves, . . . . 


113 


chrysarobin, . . 


189 


Naphthalene, . : 


. 108 


cod liver, . . . 


115 


citrine 


190 


Naphthalinum, * 


. 108 


copaiba, . . . . 


113 


diachylon, . . . 


189 


Naphlalin, . . 


. 108 


coriander, . . . 


113 


iodide of lead, . . 


192 


Naphthol, . . . 


. 108 


cotton seed, . . 


114 


iodine, 


191 


beta, .... 


. 108 


croton, . . . . 


118 


iodoform, . . . 


191 


Neroli oil, . . ■ 


. 112 


cubeb, 


113 


lead carbonate, . 


191 


Nitrates, . . . 


12 


erigeron, .... 


113 


lead iodide, . . . 


192 


Nitrate of amnion 




etherial, . . . . 


111 


mercurial, . . . 


190 


ium, .... 


20 


eucalyptus, . . . 


113 


mercuric nitrate, . 


190 


lead, .... 


127 


fennel 


113 


mercuric oxide, 




mercury oint 




flaxseed, . . . . 


114 


red, . . . - . 


191 


ment, . . . 


190 


fleabane, .... 


113 


mercuric oxide, 




solution, . . . 


97 


gaultheria, . . . 


114 


yellow, .... 


191 


potassium, . . 




gaultheria, arti- 




nitrate of mer- 




silver, .... 


25 


ficial, 


105 


cury, 


190 


silver diluted, . 


25 


hedeoma, . . . 


114 


nutgall, . . . . 


189 


sodium, . . . 


138 


juniper, .... 


114 


oxide of zinc, . . 


192 


Nitric acid, , . 


12 


lard, 


111 


petrolatum, hard, 


120 


acid diluted, . 


12 


lavender flowers, 


114 


petrolatum, soft, 


120 


Nitrite of amyl, . 


20 


lemon 


114 


potassium iodide, 


192 


sodium, . . . 


138 


linseed, . . . . 


114 


red mercuric oxide 


191 


Nitroglycerin spirit 


143 


mustard, volatile, 


117 


rose water, . . . 


188 


Nitrohy droch 1 o r i c 




myrcia, .... 


115 


simple, 


188 


acid, 


13 


nutmeg, .... 


115 


stramonium, . . 


192 


acid diluted, . 


13 


olive, 


115 


sulphur, ...... 


192 


Nitromuriatic acid 


13 


orange flowers, . 


112 


tar, 


191 


acid diluted, . . 


13 


orange peel,. . . 


112 


tannic acid, . . . 


188 


Nitrous ether spirit 


139 


pennyroyal, . . 


114 


veratrine,. . . . 


192 


Nutgall ointment, . 


189 


peppermint, . . 


115 


yellow mercuric, 




tincture, .... 


171 


pimento, .... 


116 


oxide, .... 


191 


Nutmeg essence, 


144 


phosphorated,. . 


116 


zinc oxide, . . . 


192 


oil, 


115 


rose, 


116 


Olea, 


110 


spirit, 


144 


rosemary, . . . 


116 


Oleata, 


108 


Nux vomica extract 


49 


sandal wood, . . 


117 


Oleates, 


108 


fluid extract, . . 


65 


santal, .... 


117 


Oleates, 


13 


tincture, .... 


176 


sassafras, . . . 


117 


Oleate of mercury, . 


108 






savin, 


117 


veratrine, . . . 


109 


0. 




sesame, .... 


117 


zinc, 


109 






sesamum, . . . 


117 


Oleatum hydrargy- 




Oils, 


110 


spearmint, . . . 


115 


ri, 


108 


almond expressed 


111 


sweet, 


115 


veratrinae, . . . 


109 


almond, essential 


111 


tar, 


116 


zinci, 


109 


American woim- 




teel, 


117 


Oleic acid, .... 


13 


seed, 


113 


theobroma, . . . 


118 


Oleoresinas, . . . 


109 


anise, . . - . . 


112 


thyme, .... 


118 


Oleoresina aspidii, 


109 


allspice, .... 


116 


turpentine, . . . 


117 


capsici, .... 


109 


bay, 


115 


turpentine recti- 




cubebae, .... 


110 


benne, 


117 


fied, 


117 


lupulini, .... 


110 


bergamot, . . . 


112 


wintergreen, . . 


114 | 


piperis, .... 


110 



INDEX. 



2 I 



Oleoresin of aspi- 

dium, .... 109 

capsicum, . . . 109 

cubeb, 110 

ginger, .... 110 

lupulin 110 

male fern, ... 109 

pepper, .... 110 

Oleum adipis, . .111 

aethereum, . . . Ill 

amygd alas am arse 111 
amygdalae expres- 

sum, Ill 

anisi, 112 

aurantiicorticis, . 112 

aurantii florum, . 112 

bergamii, . . . 112 

bergamottae, . . 112 

betulae volatile, . 112 

cadinum, . . . 112 

cajuputi, .... 112 

cari, 113 

carophylli, . . . 113 

chenopodii, . . . 113 

cinnamomi, . . 113 

coriandri, . . . 113 

copaibae, . . . 113 

cubebae, .... 113 

erigerontis, . . . 113 

eucalypti, . . . 113 

feniculi, .... 113 

gaultheriae, . . . 114 

gossypiiseminis, . 114 

hedeomas, . . . 114 

jecoris aselli, . . 115 

juniperi, .... 114 
juniper i empy- 

reumaticum, . . 112 

lanae, 16 

lavenduke florum, 114 

lini 114 

limonis, .... 114 

menthae piperita?, 115 

menthse viridis, . 115 

morrhuae, . . . 115 

myrciae, .... 115 

myristicae, . . . 115 

olivae, 115 

phosphoratum, . 116 
picis liquidas, . .116 

pimentae, . . . 116 

ricini, 116 

rosae, 116 

rosmarini, . . . 116 

sabinae, .... 117 

santali, .... 117 

sassafras, . . . 117 

sesami, .... 117 

sinapis volatile, . 117 

terebinthinas, . . 117 



Oleum terebinth iuae 

rectificatum, . . 117 

theobromatis, . . 118 

theobroinas, . . 118 

thymi, 118 

tiglii, 118 

Opium, 118 

denarcotisaturn, . 119 
deodoratum, . .119 

extract, .... 50 

pills, 125 

plaster, .... 40 

powdered, . . . 118 

pulvis, 118 

tincture, .... 176 
tincture camphor- 
ated, 177 

tincture, deodo- 
rized, 177 

vinegar of . . . 9 

wine, 195 

Orange flower oil, . 112 

flower syrup, . . 152 

flower water, . . 22 
flower water, 

stronger, ... 22 
flower water, 

triple, .... 22 

peel, oil, .... 112 
peel, bitter, fluid 

extract, .... 54 
peel, bitter tinc- 
ture, 164 

peel, sweet, tinc- 
ture, 165 

spirit, 142 

spirit compound,. 142 

syrup, 151 

Orthophosphate of 

sodium,. . . . 138 

Oxalate of cerium, . 32 

of iron, .... 79 

Oxgall purified, . . 74 

Oxide of antimonv, 20 

ethyl, ....". 16 

iron, hydrated, . 79 

lead, 127 

manganese, . . . 103 

mercury, red, . . 86 

mercury, yellow, . 85 

silver, 25 

zinc, 196 

P. 

Pancreatin, . . . 119 

Pancreatinum, . . 119 

Papers, 32 

Paper, mustard, . 32 

potassium nitrate 32 



Paraldehyde, . . . 
Paraldehydum, . . 

Paregoric 

Pareira fluid ex- 
tract, . . . . 
Pennyroyal oil, . . 
Peppermint essence, 

oil 

spirit, 

troches, . . . . 

water, .... 
Pepper oleoresin, . 
Pepsin, 

saccharated, . . 
Pepsinum, . . . . 

saccharatum, . . 

Permanganate of 

potassium, . . 

Peroxide of barium, 

Petrolatum, . . . 

hard, 

liquid 

liquidum, . . . 

molle, 

ointment, hard, . 

ointment, soft, 

soit, 

spissum, .... 
Petroleum ether, . 

benzin, .... 

Phenol, 

Phenylacetamide, . 
Phenyl salicylate, . 
Phosphate of cal- 
cium precipitated 

iron soluble, . 

sodium, . . . 
Phosphide of zinc, 
Phosphates, . . 
Phosphates of iron 

quinine, and 
strychnine syrup 
Phosphoric acid, 

acid diluted, . 
Phosphorus, • . 

elixir, .... 

pills, .... 

spirit, .... 

tincture, . . . 
Phosphorated oil, 
Physostigma ex 
tract, . . . 

tincture, . . . 
Physostigminae sal 

icylas, . . . 
Phytolacca root 

fluid extract, . 

Physostigmine sal 

icylate, . . . 

sulphas, . . . 



119 
119 
177 

66 
114 
144 
115 
144 
186 

24 
110 
119 
120 
119 
120 

129 

26 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

26 

26 

11 

9 

135 

28 

80 

138 

196 

14 



154 

13 

14 

121 

38 

125 

145 

145 

116 

50 

178 

121 

66 

121 
121 



2 14 



INDEX. 



Physostigmine sul- 




Piperin, .... 


126 


Potassii et sodii 




phate, .... 


121 


Piperinum, . . . 


126 


tartras, . , , 


128 


Picro toxin, . . . 


121 


Pitch, hemlock, . 


126 


ferrocyanidum, . 


129 


Picrotoxinum, . . 


121 


burgund3% . . 


126 


hypophosphis, 


129 


Pill, blue, . . . . 


104 


plaster, . . . 


40 


iodidum, .... 


129 


Pills, 


121 


plaster, canthari 




nitras, .... 


129 


aloes, 


122 


dal, . . . , 


40 


permanganas, 


129 


aloes and asafet- 




Pix burgundica, . 


126 


sulphas, .... 


129 


ida, 


122 


canadensis, . . 


126 


tartras, .... 


129 


aloes and iron, . 


122 


liquida, . . . 


126 


Potassium acetate, 


127 


aloes andmastich 


122 


Plasters, . . . 


38 


alum, .... 


19 


aloes and myrrh, 


123 


adhesive, . . . 


41 


and sodium tar- 




antimony com- 




ammoniac witl 


L 


trate, .... 


128 


pound, .... 


123 


mercury, . . 


38 


arsenite solu- 




asafetida, . . . 


123 


arnica 


38 


tion, 


99 


Blaud's, . . . . 


124 


belladonna, . . 


39 


bicarbonate, . . 


127 


carbonate of iron, 


124 


blister,. . . . 


31 


bichromate, . . 


127 


cathartic com- 




burgundy pitch, 


40 


bitartrate, . . . 


127 


pound, .... 


123 


capsicum, . . 


39 


bromide, . . . 


128 


cathartic vegeta- 




court 


40 


carbonate, . . . 


128 


ble, ..... 


124 


cantharidal pitcr 


l 40 


chlorate, .... 


128 


chalybeate, . . . 


124 


diachylon, . . 


40 


chlorate troche?, . 


187 


ferrous iodide, 


124 


iron, .... 


39 


citrate, ." . . . 


128 


ferruginous, . . 


124 


isinglass, . . . 


40 


citrate efferves- 




opium, .... 


125 


lead, .... 


40 


cent, 


128 


phosphorus, . . 


125 


mercurial, . . 


39 


citrate mixture, . 


99 


Plummer's, . . . 


123 


opium, . . . 


40 


citrate solution, . 


99 


rhubarb, .... 


125 


resin, .... 


41 


cyanide, . . . 


128 


rhubarb com- 




soap, .... 


41 


dichromate, . . 


127 


pound, .... 


126 


strengthening, 


39 


/ ferrocyanide, . . 


129 


vegetable cathar- 




warming, . . 


40 


hydrate, .... 


127 


tic, 


124 


Plumbi acetas, . 


126 


hydrate solution, 


98 


Pilocarpine hydro- 




carbonas, . . 


126 


hydroxide, . . . 


127 


chloras, . . . 


121 


iodidum, . . . 


127 


hypophosphite, . 


129 


Pilocarpine hydro- 




nitras, .... 


127 


iodide, .... 


129 


chlorate, . . . 


121 


oxidum, . . . 


127 


iodide ointment, . 


192 


Pilocarpus fluid ex- 




Plummer's pills, . 


j23 


nitrate, .... 


129 


tract, .... 


66 


Podophyllum ex 




nitrate paper, . . 


32 


Pilula hydrargyri, . 


104 


tract, . . . 


50 


permanganate, . 


129 


Pilule, 


121 


fluid extract, . 


67 


sulphate, . . . 


129 


aloes, ..... 


122 


resin 


134 


Powder, antimon- 




aloes et asafoet- 




Potash, caustic, . 


127 


ial, . .... 


129 


ida, . . . . . 


122 


Potash, yellow 




aromatic, . . . 


129 


aloes et ferri, . . 


122 


prussiate of, . 


129 


chalk compound, 


130 


aloes et mastiches 


122 


Potassa, . . . 


127 


Dover's, .... 


130 


aloes et myrrhae, . 


123 


cum calce, . . 


127 


effervescing com- 




antimonii com- 




with lime, . . 


127 


pound, .... 


130 


posite, .... 


123 


solution, . . . 


98 


glycyrrhiza com- 




asafetide, . . . 


123 


sulphurata, 


127 


pound, .... 


130 


cathartice com- 




sulphurated, . 


127 


ipecac and opium, 


130 


posite, .... 


123 


Potassii acetas, . 


127 


jalap compoun ', 


131 


cathartice vege- 




bicarbonas, 


127 


liq u o r i c e com- 




tables, .... 


124 


bichromas, . . 


127 


pound 


130 


ferri carbonatis, . 


124 


bitartras, . . 


127 


morphine com- 




ferri iodidi, . . . 


124 


bromidum, . . 


128 


pound, .... 


131 


opii, 


125 


carbonas, . . 


128 


rhubarb com- 




phosphori, . . . 


125 


chloras, ... 


128 


pound, .... 


131 


rhei, 


125 


citras, .... 


128 


seidlitz, .... 


130 


rhei compositrc, . 


126 


citras efferve ecus 


128 


Tully's .... 


131 


Pimenta oil, . . . 


116 


cyanidum, . . 


128 


Powdered opium, . 


118 



INDEX, 



Precipitated cal- 




Quinine, .... 


132 


Rose fluid extract, 


68 


cium carbonate 


28 


bisulphate, . . 


132 


honev of, . . 


104 


calcium phos- 




hydrobromat :. 


132 


oil, .".... 


116 


phate, . . • . 
carbonate of zinc 


28 


hidrochlorate, . 


132 


svrup, .... 


158 


196 


sulphate, . . . 


133 


water, . . . 


24 


sulphur, . . . 


146 


valerianate,. . 


133 


-water, stronger, 


24 


Precipitate, red, . 


86 






water, triple, . 


24 


white, . . . 


87 


R. 




water ointment, 


188 


Prepared chalk, . 


36 






Rosemary oil, 


116 


Protoiodide of mer- 




Raspberry syrup, 


158 


Rubber, India, . 


37 


cury 


84 


Rectified oil of tur 




Rubus, fluid extract 


. 68 


Prussiate of potash 




pentine, . . 


117 


syrup, . . . 


158 


yellow, . . . 


129 


Red mercuric iodi 




Rum, bay, . . . 


114 


Prussic acid, . . 


12 


de, ...... 


85 


Rumex fluid ex 




Pulvis antimonia 




mercuric oxide 




tract, . . . 


69 


lis, .... 


129 


ointment, . . 


191 






.aromaticus, 


129 


oxide of mercury 


86 


S. 




cretae compositus 


130 


precipitate, . . 


86 






effervescens com 




precipitate oint 




Sabina fluid extract 


: 69 


positus, . . 


130 


ment, . . . 


191 


Saccharated car 




glyeyrrhizas com 




sulphate of mer 


■ 


bonate oi iron, 


75 


positus, . . 




cury, .... 


86 


ferrous iodide, . 


78 


ipeeacnauhas et 




wine, .... 


196 


pepsin, . . . 


120 


opii, .... 


130 


Reduced iron, 


81 


Saccharum, . . 


135 


jalapas composi 
tus, .... 




Resin, .... 


133 


lactis, .... 


135 


131 


Resin cerate, . . 


32 


Saffron tincture, 


170 


morphinae com 




copaiba, . . . 


133 


Sal ammoniac, . 


19 


positus, . . . 


131 


guaiac, . . . 


84 


nitre, .... 


129 


purgans, . . . 
rhei compositus, 


131 


jalap 

plaster, . . . 


133 


soda, .... 


137 


131 


41 


tartar, . . . 


128 


Purified aloes, . 


18 


podophyllum, . 


134 


Salicin 


135 




30 


scammony, . . 


134 


Salicinum, . . . 


135 


antimony sul- 




Resina, .... 


133 


Salicylate of eserine 


; 121 


phide, . . . 


20 


Resina copaibas, 


133 


lithium, . . . 


102 


cotton, . . . 


84 


jalapae, . . . 


133 


methyl, . . . 


105 


oxgall, . . . 


74 


podophylli, . . 


134 


sodium, . . . 


138 


Pyrethrum tincture 


178 


scammonii, . . 


134 


phenyl, . . . 


135 


Pyrogallic acid, . 


131 


Resorcin, . . . 


134 


physostigmine, 


121 


Pyrogallol, . . 


131 


Resorcinol, . . 


134 


Salicylates, . . 


14 


Pyrophosphate o 1 


F 


Resorcinum, . . 


134 


Salicvlic acid, . . 


14 


iron soluble, . 


80 
138 
131 


Rhamnus prushia 
na extract fluid- 
um, .... 


67 


Salol, ..... 


135 


sodium, . . . 


Salt, 


137 


Pyroxylin, . . . 


epsom, ... 


103 


Pyroxylinum, 


131 


Rhubarb and soda 


L 


glauber, . 


138 






mixture, . . 


106 


rochelle, . . . 


128 


Q. 




extract, . . . 


51 


Saltpetre, . . . 


129 






fluid extract, . 


68 


Sandal wood oil, 


117 


Quassia extract, 


57 


pills, .... 


125 


Sanguinaria fluic 




fluid extract, . 


67 


pills compound, 


126 


extract, . . 


69 


tincture, . . . 


178 


powder com 




tincture, . 




180 


Quicksilver, . . - 


86 


pound, . . . 


131 


Santal oil, . 




117 


Quillaja tincture, 


178 
132 


sy T rup, .... 
syrup aromatic, 


157 
157 


Santonin, . 




135 


Ouinidinas sulphas, 


troches, . 




187 


Ouinidine sulphate 


132 


tincture, . . . 


179 


Santoninum, 




135 


Quinina, .... 
Quininas bisulphis, 


132 
132 


tincture aromatic 
tincture sweet, 


179 

180 


Sapo, . 




135 


Sapo mollis, 




135 


hydrobromas, . 


132 


Rhus glabra, fluid 




viridis, 




135 


hydrochloras, . 


132 


extract, . . 


68 


Sarsaparilla decoc- 




sulphas, . . . 


133 


Rochelle salt, . . 


128 


tion compound 


37 


yalerianas, . . 


133 


Rose, confection, 


35 


fluid extract 


; • 


69 



2l6 




INDEX. 








Sarsaparilla com- 




Sodii carbonas ex- 




Solution of ammo- 




pound fluid ex- 




siccatus, . . . 


137 


nium acetate, . 


92 


tract,. . . . 


70 


chloras, .... 


137 


arsenous acid,. 


92 


syrup compound 


158 


chloridum. . . . 


137 


arsenic and mer- 




Sassafras pith mu 




hypophosphis, 


137 


curic iodide, . . 


93 


cilage, . . . 


107 


hyposulphis, . . 


137 


basic ferric sul- 




oil, 


117 


iodidum, . . . 


137 


phate, .... 


96 


Savine fluid extrad 


: 69 


nitras, . . . . 


138 


boroglyceride, . . 


82 


oil, ..... 


117 


nitris, 


138 


calcium hydrate, . 


93 


Scammony resin, 


134 


phosphas, . . . 


138 


chlorinated soda, 


100 


Scoparius fluid ex 




pyrophosphas, . 


138 


chloride of iron, . 


94 


tract, . . . 


70 


salicylas, . . . 


138 


citrate of iron, 


94 


Scutellaria fluid ex 




sulphas, . . . . 


138 


Donovan's, . . . 


93 


tract, . . . 


70 


sulphis, . . . . 


138 


ferric acetate, . . 


93 


Seidlitz powder, 


130 


sulphocarbolas, . 


138 


ferric chloride,. . 


94 


Senega fluid extrad 


: 71 


Sodium acetate, . . 


136 


ferric citrate, . . 


94 


syrup, .... 


160 


arsenate, . . . 


136 


ferric nitrate, . . 


95 


Senna, confection, 


35 


arsenate solution, 


100 


ferric subsulphate 


96 


fluid extract, . 


71 


benzoate, . . . 


136 


ferric sulphate, 


96 


infusion com 




bicarbonate, . . 


136 


ferric tersulphate, 


96 


pound, . . . 


89 


bisulphite, . . . 


136 


Fowler's .... 


99 


syrup, .... 


160 


borate, .... 


136 


hydrogen perox- 




Serpentar i a fl u i c 


I 


bromide, .... 


136 


ide, 


24 


extract, . . 


71 


carbonate, . . . 


137 


hydrogen dioxide 


12 


tincture, . . . 


180 


carbonate, dried, 


137 


iodine compound, 


97 


Sesame oil, . . 


117 


chlorate, .... 


137 


iron and ammon- 




Sesamum oil, . . 


117 


chloride, . . . . 


137 


ium acetate, . . 


95 


Silicate of sodiuu 


i 


hydrate, .... 


136 


iron persulphate, 


96 


solution, . , 


101 


hydrate solution, 


99 


Labarraque's, . . 


100 


Silver cyanide, . 


25 


hydroxide, . . . 


136 


lead subacetate, . 


98 


iodide, . . . 


25 


hypophosphite, . 


137 


/ lead sub acetate 




nitrate, . . . 


25 


hyposulphite, . . 


137 


diluted, .... 


98 


nitrate diluted, 


25 


iodide, .... 


137 


lime, 


93 


nitrate fused, . 


25 


nitrate, .... 


138 


Lugol's, .... 


97 


nitrate moulded, 


25 


nitrite, . . . . 


138 


magnesium cit- 




oxide, .... 


25 


orthophosphate, . 


138 


rate, 


97 


Soap, 


135 


paraphenol s u 1 - 




mercuric nitrate, . 


97 


Soap castile, white 


135 


phonate, . . . 


138 


Monsel's, . . . 


96 


green, .... 


135 


phosphate, . . . 


138 


potassa, .... 


98 


liniment, . . . 


91 


pyrophosphate, . 


138 


potassium arsen- 




plaster, . . . 


41 


salicylate, . . . 


138 


ite,. ..... 


99 


soft, liniment, . 


91 


silicate solution, . 


101 


potassium citrate 


99 


Socalin, .... 


18 


sulphate, . . . 


138 


potassium hy- 




Socotrine aloes, . 


18 


sulphocarbolate, . 


138 


drate, .... 


98 


Soda, .... 


136 


thiosulphate, . . 


137 


soda, 


99 


Soda bicarbonate 




Soft petrolatum, . 


120 


sodium arsenate,. 


100 


troches, . . 


187 


petrolatum oint- 




sodium hydrate, . 


99 


caustic . . . 


136 


ment, .... 


120 


sodium silicate, . 


101 


chlorinated solu 




soap, 


135 


zinc chloride, . . 


101 


tion, .... 


100 


soap liniment, 


91 


Sparteine sulphas, 


138 


sal, 


137 


Solidified capaiba, . 


103 


Sparteine sulphate, 


138 


solution, . . . 


99 


Soluble ferric phos- 




Spearmint essence, 


144 


Sodii acetas, . . 


136 


phate, .... 


80 


oil, , 


115 


arsenias, . . . 


136 


ferric pyr ophos- 




spirit 


144 


benzoas, . . . 


136 


phate, .... 


80 


water, .... 


24 


bicarbonas, 


136 


iron and quinine 




Spermaceti, . . . 


32 


bisulphis, . . 


136 


citrate, .... 


77 


cerate, .... 


32 


boras, . . . 


136 


gun cotton, . . 


131 


Spigelia fluid ex- 




bromidum, . . 


136 


phosphate of iron 


80 


tract, .... 


71 


carbonas, , , 


137 


Solutions, . . , , 


92 


Spiriti, 


139 



Index. 



Spirits, . . . . . 


139 


Squill syrup, . . 


. 159 


Sulphate of cin 




Spirit of ammonia, 


141 


syrup compound 


, 159 


chonidine, . . 


. 33 


ammonia aro- 




tincture, . . . 


. 180 


cinchonine, . . 


. 34 


matic, . . . . 


141 


vinegar of, . . 


. 10 


copper, . . . 


. 36 


anise, 


141 


Starch, .... 


. 20 


hyoscyamine, . 


« 88 


bitter almond, . 


141 


glycerite, . . 


. 82 


iron, .... 


. 80 


camphor, . . . 


142 


Stearates, . . . 


. 14 


iron, dried, . . 


. 80 


chloroform, . . 


142 


Stearic acid, . . 


. 14 


iron, granulated 


, 81 


cinnamon, . . . 


142 


Stillingia fluid ex 




magnesium, 


. 103 


cologne, . . . . 


17 


tract, . . . 


. 71 


manganese, . 


. 103 


ether, 


139 


Storax, .... 


. 146 


mercury, . . 


. 86 


ether compound, . 


139 


Stramonium oint 




morphine, . . 


. 107 


gaultheria, . . . 


143 


ment, . . . 


. 192 


physostigmine, 


. 121 


glonoin, . . ..-.. 


143 


seed, extract, . 


. 51 


potassium, . . 


. 129 


juniper, . . . . 


143 


seed, fluid extracl 


: 72 


quinidine, . . 


. 132 


juniper compound 


143 


seed, tincture, . 


. 181 


quinine, . . . 


. 133 


lavender, . . . 


143 


Strengthening plas 




sparteine, . . 


. 138 


lavender com- 




ter 


. 39 


sodium, .... 


138 


pound, . . . . 


175 


Stronger ammonia 


L 


strychnine, . . 


. 146 


lemon, . . . . 


143 


water, . . . 


21 


zinc, .... 


196 


mindererus, . . 


92 


ether, .... 


16 


Sulphide of anti 




myrcia, .... 


144 


orange fiowei 




mony, . . . 


20 


nitroglycerin, . . 


143 


water, . . . 


22 


antimony purifiec 


I 20 


nitrous ether, . . 


139 


rose water, . . 


24 


calcium crude, 


29 


nutmeg, .... 


144 


Strontii bromidum 


145 


Sulphite of sodium 


138 


orange, .... 


142- 


iodidum, . . . 


145 


Sulphites, . . . 


15 


orange compound 


142 


lactas, . . . 


145 


Sulphocarbolate o 


f 


peppermint, . . 


144 


Strontium bromide 


145 


sodium, . . 


138 


phosphorus, . . 


145 


iodide, .... 


145 


Sulphur iodide, . 


146 


spearmint, . . . 


144 


lactate, . . . 


145 


lac, . . . . . 


147 


Spiritus aetheris, 


139 


Strophanthus tinc- 




liver of, . . . 


127 


aetheris composi- 




ture, .... 


181 


lotum, . . . 


146 


tus 


139 


Strychnina, . . 


146 


ointment, . . 


192 


aetheris nitrosi, . 


139 


Strychninae sulphas 


146 


praecipitatum, . 


146 


ammoniae, . . . 


139 


Strychnine, . . 


146 


precipitated, . 


147 


ammonias aroma- 




sulphate, . . 


146 


sublimatum, . 


147 


ticus, .... 


141 


Styptic collodion, 


35 


sublimed, . . 


147 


amygdalae amarae 


141 


Sty rax, .... 


146 


washed, . . . 


146 


anisi, 


141 


Sub acetate of leac 




Sulphurated anti- 




aurantii, .... 


142 


cerate, . . . . 


32 


mony, . . . 


21 


aurantii composi- 




lead solution, . . 


98 


lime 


29 


tus, 


142 


solution diluted, . 


98 


potassa, . . . 


127 


camphorae, . . . 


142 


Subcarb o n a t e o 




Sulphuris iodidum 


146 


chloroformi, . . 


142 


bismuth, . . . 


27 


Sulphuric acid, . 


15 


cinnamomi, . . . 


142 


Sublimate, corro- 




acid aromatic, 


15 


frumenti, .... 


142 


sive, 


84 


acid diluted, . 


15 


gaultheriae, . . . 


143 


Sublimed sulphur, . 


147 


Sulphurous acid, 


15 


glonoini, .... 


143 


Subnitrate of bis- 




Sumbul tincture, . 


181 


juniperi, .... 


143 


muth, . . . . 


27 


Suppositoria, . . 


147 


juniperi composi- 




Subsulphate oi 




glycerini, . . . 


148 


tus, 


143 


mercury, . . . 


86 


Suppositories, 


147 


lavandulae, . . . 


3 43 


Sugar, 


135 


glycerin, . . 


148 


limonis, .... 


143 


Sugar of lead, . . 


126 


Sweet oil, . . . 


115 


menthae piperitae, 


144 


milk, 


135 


tincture of rhu- 




menthae viridis, . 


144 


Sulphates, . . . . 


15 


barb, . . . 


180 


myrciae, .... 


144 


Sulphate of alum- 




%™p 


149 


myristicae, . . . 


144 


inum 


19 


Syrups, .... 


149 


phosphori, . . . 


145 


atropine, . . . 


2K 


Syrup of acacia, 


149 


vini gallici, . . . 


145 


calcium, . . . . 


29 


almond, . . . 


151 


Squill, ftai© extract 


70 


calcium dried, , , 


29 


althaea, . , , 


151 



INDEX. 



Syrup of black- 
berry 158 

calcium lacto- 

phosphate, . . 152 

citric acid, . . . 149 

ferrous iodide . . 153 

garlic, ....■» 150 

ginger 161 

hydriodie acid, . 150 

hypophosphites, . 154 
hypophosphites 

with iron, . . . 155 

ipecac, .... 155 

krameria, . . . 156 

lactucarium, . . 156 

lime, ...... 153 

orange, .... 151 

orange flowers, . 152 
phosphates of 
iron , quinine and 

strychnine, . . 154 

raspberry, . . . 158 

rhubarb, .... 157 

rhubarb aromatic 157 

rose, 158 

rubus, 158 

sarsaparilla com- 
pound, .... 158 
senega, .... 160 

senna, 160 

simple, .... 149 

squill, 159 

squill compound, 159 

tar, 156 

tolu, 160 

wild cherry, . . 157 

Syrupi, 149 

Syrupus, .... 149 

acacias, .... 149 

acidi citrici, . . 149 

acidi hvdriodici, . 150 

allii, ...... 150 

althaeas, .... 151 

amygdalae, . . . 151 

aurantii, .... 151 

aurantii fiorum, . 152 
calcii lactophos- 

phatis, .... 152 

calcis, 153 

ferri iodidi, . . . 153 
ferri, quininae et 
strychnines phos- 

phatum, . . . 156 

hypophosphitum, 154 
hypophosphit u m 

cum ferro, . . . 155 

ipecacuanhas, . . 155 

kramariae, . . . 156 

lactucarii, . . . 156 

picis liquidae, . . 156 



Syrupus pruni vir 




Tinctura arnicas 




ginianae, . . 


157 


radicis, . . . . 


164 


rhci, .... 


157 


asafoetidas, . . . 


164 


rhei aromaticus, 


157 


aurantii amari, . 


164 


rosas, . . . . 


158 


aurantii dulcis, . 


165 


rubi, ....... . 


158 


belladonnas, . . 


165 


rubi idasi, . . 


158 


belladonnas folio- 




sarsaparilla com 




rum, . . . . . 


165 


positus, . . 


158 


benzoini, .... 


165 


scillae, ... . 


159 


l)enzoini compos- 




scillae compositus 


, 159 


ita, 


165 


senegas, . . . 


160 


bryoniae, .... 


166 


sennas, . . . 


160 


calendulas, . . . 


166 


simplex, . . . 


149 


calumbas, . . . 


166 


tolutanus, . . 


160 


cannabis indicas, . 


167 


zingiberis, . . 


161 


cantharidis, . . 


167 






capsici, .... 


167 


T. 




cardamomi, . . 
cardamomi com- 


167 


Tamarind, . . . 


162 


posita, .... 


167 


Tamarindus, . . 


162 


catechu compos- 




Tannates, . . . 


16 


ita, 


168 


Tannic acid, . . 


16 


chiratas,' .... 


168 


acid glycerite, . 


82 


cimicifugas, . . . 


168 


acid ointment, 


188 


cinchonas, . . . 


168 


acid troches, . 


184, 


cinchonas compos- 




Tannin, .... 


16 


ita, 


169 


Tar 


126 


cinnamomi, . . 


169 


oil, 


116 


colchici, .... 


170 


ointment, . . 


191 


colchici seminis, . 


170 


syrup 


156 


croci, 


170 


Taraxacum extrad 


: 51 


cubebas, .... 


170 


fluid extract, . 


72 


digitalis, .... 


170 


Tartar, cream of, 


127 


ferri chloridi, . . 


171 


emetic, . . , 


20 


gallas, 


171 


sal, 


128 


gelsemii, .... 


171 


Tartaric acid, 


16 


gentian aecom- 




Tart rated anti 




posita, . . . . 


172 


mony, . . . 


20 


guaiaci, .... 


172 


Tartrate of iron and 


I 


guaiaci ammoni- 




potassium, 


77 


ata, ..... 


172 


iron and ammon 




humuli, . . 


172 


ium, .... 


76 


lrydrastis, . . . 


173 


Tartrates, . . . 


16 


hyoscyami, . . . 


173 


Teel oil, .... 


117 


iodi, 


173 


Terebene, . . . 


162 


ipecacuanhas et 




Terebenum, . . 


162 


opii, 


173 


Terpin hydrate, . 


162 


kino, 


.174 


Terpini hVdras, . 


162 


krameria, . . . 


174 


Theine, .... 


27 


lactucarii, . . . 


174 


Theobroma oil, . 


118 


lavendulas com- 




Thiosulphate o 


f 


positum, . . . 


175 


sodium, . . _ 


137 


lobelias, .... 


175 


Thyme oil, . . . 


118 


matico, .... 


175 


Thymol, . . . 


162 


moschi, .... 


176 


Tincturae, . . . 


162 


myrrhas, .... 


176 


Tinctura aconiti, 


163 


nucis vomicas, . . 


176 


aloes, .... 


163 


opii, . . . 


176 


aloes et myrrhae 


163 


opii camphorata, 


177 


arnicas florum, 


164 


opii deodorata, . 


177 







INDEX. 




Tinctura opii de- 




Tincture of digita- 




odorati, . . 


177 


lis 


170 


physostigmatis, . 


178 


ferric chloride, 


171 


pyrethri, .... 


178 


fresh herbs, . . . 


171 


quassias, .... 


178 


gelsemium, . . . 


171 


quillajse 


178 


gentian com- 




rhei, 


179 


pound, . . . . 


172 


rhei aromatica, . 


179 


ginger 


183 


rhei dulcis, . . . 


180 


guaiac, .... 


172 


sanguin arias, . . 


180 


guaiac ammonia- 




saponis viridis, . 


91 


ted, 


172 


scillae, 


180 


hops, 


172 


serpent arias, . . 


180 


Huxham's, . 


169 


sweet orange, . . 


165 


hydratis 


173 


strophanthi, . . 


181 


hyoscyamus, . . 


173 


stramonii seminis 


181 


ipecac and opium, 


173 


stramonii, . . . 


181 


Indian cannabis, . 


167 


sumbul, .... 


181 


iodine, 


173 


tolutana,. . . . 


181 


iron chloride, . . 


171 


Valerianae, . . . 


182 


kino, 


174 


vale r i a n ae a m - 




krameria, . . . 


174 


moniata, . . . 


182 


lactucarium, . . 


174 


vanillas, .... 


182 


lavender com- 




veratri viridis, 


183 


pound, .... 


175 


zingiberis, . . . 


183 


lobelia, ... * 


175 


Tincturas herbarum 




matico, .... 


175 


recentium, . . 


171 


musk 


176 


Tinctures, . ' . . 


162 


myrrh, . . . . 


176 


Tincture of aconite, 


163 


nutgall 


171 


aloes, ' 


163 


nux vomica, . . 


176 


aloes and myrrh, 


163 


opium, .... 


176 


arnica flowers, 


164 


opium camphora- 




arnica root, . . 


164 


ted 


177 


asafetida, . . . 


164 


orange, bitter, . 


164 


belladonna, . . 


165 


orange peel sweet 


165 


belladonna leaves 


165 


phosphorus, . . 


145 


benzoin, ... . . 


165 


physostigma, . . 


178 


benzoin com- 




pyrethrum, . . . 


178 


pound, . . . . 


165 


quassia, .... 


178 


bitter orange peel 


165 


quillaja 


178 


bryonia, . . . ■. 


166 


rhubarb, .... 


179 


calendula, . . . 


166 


rhubarb aromatic 


179 


calumba, . . . 


166 


rhwbarb sweet, . 


180 


cantharides, . . 


167 


saffron 


170 


capsicum, . . . 


167 


sanguinaria, . * 


180 


cardamom, . . . 


167 


aerpentaria, . . 


180 


cardamom com- 




sqtwill, 


180 


pound, .... 


167 


stramonium *eed, 


181 


catechu com- 




strophanthus, 


181 


pound 


168 


sumbul 


181 


chirata, .... 


168 


sweet orange peel 


165 


chloride of iron, . 


171 


tolu, 


181 1 


cimicifuga, . . . 


168 


valerian, .... 


182 


cinchona, . . . 


168 


valerian amnion- 




cinchona com- 




iated 


182 


pound, .... 


169 


vanilla, .... 


182 


cinnamon, . . . 


169 


veratrum viri- 




colchicum seed, . 


170 


de, 


183 


cubeb, ..... 


170 


Tolu syrup, . . . 


160 


deoderized opium, 


177 


tincture, .... 


181 



219 

Tragacanth mucil- 
age, 107 

Triox ide ofanti- 

mony, .... 20 
arsenic, .... 10 
chromic, .... 11 
Triple rose water, . 24 
orange flower 
water, .... 22 
Trisulphide of anti- 
mony, .... 21 
Triticum fluid ex- 
tract, .... 72 
Trituratio elaterini 183 
Triturationes, . . 138 
Triturations, . . . 1S3 
Trituration of ela- 

terin, 183 

Troches, .... 184 
ammonium chlor- 
ide, 184 

bicarbonate of 

sodium, . . . 187 

catechu 184 

chalk, 185 

cubeb, 185 

ginger, .... 187 
glycyrrhiz.a and 

opium, .... 185 

ipecac, ... . 186 

iron, ..... 185 

krameria, . . . 186 
morphine and 

ipecac, .... 186 
peppermint, . . 186 
potassium chlor- 
ate, ..... 187 
santonin, . . . 187 
sodium bicarbon- 
ate 187 

tannic acid, . . 184 

Trochisci 184 

acidi tannici, . . 184 

ammonii chloridi, 184 

catechu, .... 184 

cretae, 185 

cubebae, .... 185 

ferri, . . . . . 185 
glycvrrhizas et 

opii", 185 

ipecacuanhas, . . 186 
krameria, . . . 186 
menthas piperitas, 186 
morphinas et ipe- 
cacuanhas, . . 186 
potassii chloratis 187 
santonini, . . . 187 
sodii bicarbona- 

tis, . . . . . 187 

zingiberis, . . . 187 



220 




INDEX. 








Tully's powder, . 


131 


Veratrine ointment 192 


White lead, . . . 


126 


Turpentine oil, . 


117 


Verat rum v i r i 


de 


precipitate, . . . 


87 


liniment, . . . 


92 


fluid extract, 


. 73 


precipitate oint- 




rectified, . . . 


117 


viride tincture 


. 183 


ment, .... 


190 


Turpeth mineral, 


86 


Viburnum opul 


us 


wax, 


31 






fluid extract, 


. 73 


wine, 


193 


U. 




prunifolium fli 


nid 


Wines, 


193 






extract, 


. 73 


Wine of antimony, . 


193 


Unguenta, . . . 


188 


Vinegars, . . 


9 


colchicum root, . 


193 


Unguentum. . . 


188 


Vinegar of opiun 


i, • 9 


colchicum seed, . 


194 


aeidi carbolici, 


188 


squill, . . 


. 10 


ergot, 


194 


acidi tannici, . 


188 


Vina, .... 


. 193 


ferric citrate, . . 


195 


aquas rosae, . . 


188 


Vinum album, 


. 193 


ipecac, .... 


195 


belladonnas, 


189 


antimonii, . 


. 193 


iron, bitter, . . 


194 


chrysarobini, . 


189 


colchici radicis 


. 193 


opium, .... 


195 


diachylon, . . 


189 


colchici seminis 


, . 194 


red, 


196 


gallae, .... 


189 


ergotae, . . 


. 194 


white, 


193 


hydrargyri, 


190 


ferri am arum, 


. 194 


Wild cherry fluid 




hydrargyri am 




ferri citratis, 


. 195 


extract, . . . 


67 


moniati, . . 


190 


ipecacuanhas, 


. 195 


infusion, .... 


89 


hydrargyri oxid 


i 


opii,. . . . 


. 195 


syrup, . . . . . 


157 


flavi, .... 


191 


rubrum, . . 


. 196 


Wintergreen essence 


143 


hydrargyri nitra 




Vitriol, elixir of 


. 15 


oil, ...... 


114 


tis, .... 


190 


blue, . . . 


. 36 


oil, artificial, . . 


105 


hydrargyri oxid 


L 


Volatile liniment 


, . 90 


Wool-fat hydrous, . 


16 


rubri, . . . 


191 


oil of birch, . 


. 112 


Wormseed oil, 




iodi, .... 


191 


oil of mustard 


. 117 


American, . . 


113 


iodoformi, . . 


191 










picis liquidae, . 


191 


W. 




X. 




plumbi carbona 








' 




tis, .... 


191 


Warming plastei 


•, . 40 


Xanthoxylum fluid 




plumbi iodidi, . 


192 


Washed sulphur 


. 146 


extract, . . . 


74 


potassi iodidi, 


. 192 


Waters, . . . 


21 






stramonii, . . 


192 


Water, . . . 


. 21 


Y. 




sulphuris, . . 


192 


ammonia, . 


. 21 






veratrinas, . . 


192 


ammonia, stro 


ig. 21 


Yellow dock fluid 




zinci oxidi, . . 


192 


anise, . . . 


. 22 


extract, . . . 


69 


Uva ursi extract, 


52 


bitter almond, 


. 22 


Yellow mecuric ox- 




fluid extract, . 


72 


camphor, 


. 22 


ide ointment, 


191 






chlorine, . . 


. 23 


mecuric sub sul- 




Y. 




chloroform, 


. 23 


phate, .... 


86 






cinnamon, . 


. 23 


mecuric oxide, 


85 


Valerian fluid e x 




creosote, . . 


. 23 


mercurous iodide, 


84 


tract, . . . 


73 


distilled, , . 


. 23 


prussiate of pot- 




tincture. . . . 


182 


fennel, . . . 


. 23 


ash, 


129 


tincture ammon 




glass, . . . 


. 101 


wax, 


31 


iated, . . . 


182 


lead, . . . 


. 98 


Yolk of egg glycer- 




Valerianate of am 




lime, . . . 


. 93 


ite, ...... 


83 


monium, . . 


20 


orange flower, 


. 22 






iron, .... 


. 81 


orange flow 


er 


Z. 




quinine, . . . 


. 133 


stronger, . 


. 22 






zinc 


. 196 


peppermint, 


. 24 


Zinci acetas, . . . 


196 


Vallet's mass, 


. 103 


rose, . . . 


. 24 


bromidum, . . . 


196 


Vanilla extract, . 


182 


rose ointment, 


. 188 


carbonas praecip- 




tincture, . . . 


. 182 


rose stronger, 


. 24 


itatus, .... 


196 


Vegetable cathar 




rose, triple, 


. 24 


chloridum, . . . 


196 


tic pills, . . . 


124 


spearmint, . 


. 24 


iodidum, .... 


196 


Veratrina, . . . 


193 


Wax, white, . 


. 31 


oxidum, .... 


196 


V?ratrine, . . . 


. 193 


yellow, . . 


. 31 


phosphidum, . . 


196 


oleate, . . . 


. 109 


Whisky, . . . 


. 142 


sulphus, .... 


196 







INDEX. 






22 I 


Zinci valerianas,. . 


196 


Zinc chloride, . . . 


196 


Zinc oxide ointment 


192 


Zinc acetate, . . . 


196 


chloride solution, 


101 


phosphide, . . . 


196 


bromide, .... 


196 


iodide, . . . . . 


196 


sulphate, .... 


196 


carbonate precipi- 




oleate, ..... 


109 


valerianate,. . . 


196 


tated, . . . . 


196 


oxide, 


196 


♦ 








= FENNER'S = 

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and there is no better way than to put 
<^ up and scli^your own proprietary med- 

icines: 



TO DO THIS 



requires good outfits for putting them 
them up in attractive style. 



THEY WILL SELL THEMSELVES 



if they are good preparations and neat- 
ly put up. 

WE BEGAN 10 YEARS AGO 

to furnish outfits for Druggists' Proprie- 
<^ tary Medicines and were the pioneers of 

this business. 

WE WILL FURNISH FORMULAS: 

If requested, we will furnish reliable for- 
mulas (from Fenner's Complete Formu- 
lary) for any preparation required, with 
an order for an outfit. 

DONT DETRACT FROM A GOOD MEDICINE BY USING 
POOR PRINTED MATTER. MAKE IT ATTRAC- 
TIVE -- WE CAN DO IT FOR YOU. 



Address ~ D. N. C. U. Westfield, N. Y. 



1!sm_ 



♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 

♦ * 

I We Furnish Outfits Complete | 






artistically printed in colors or on white 
or colored paper with strawboard slides 
for bottles and labels or — 



f CARD BOARD CARTONJ 



printed on white or colored ?ard board 
with labels for bottles. 
CIRCULARS can be furnished if wanted 
either for a single preparation or for a 
line of them such as druggists wish to 
put up. 



:<y><cu^ ©w^ir ^yy i?p; 

of outfits for puttidg up nearly every- 
thing that may be desired : These we 
can furnish at short notice with druggist's 
or any other name or title at top and bot- 
tom of wrapper and label. We furnish 
them in small quantities at very reason- 
able prices. 



W&/Q/&W&'WW&WW& %/&W&/W&'W&/WWW& / & / & / & 



Whatever may be wanted by any one in 
quantities of 300 sets or more of a kind, 
at very low prices. 

THE BEST WAY is for you to write us 
what you want to put up and we will 
send you samples from our STOCK OUT- 
FITS, or we will get you up trade-mark 
designs for special preparations to suit 
your own idea. If you tell us about what 
you want, we can get up the wording of 
the Wrappers, Labels and Circulars to suit 
if you wish us to do so. 



Address D. N. C. U., Westfield, f\. ¥; 



